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https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp.git
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Yaniss Amazouz
c61b98b875
* hparams: add per-layer n_ff_exp/n_expert_used arrays with scalar-or-array loading
G1/G2 infrastructure for variable-per-layer expert FFN size and top-k routing
(required for Puzzle-75B which has 5 distinct n_ff_exp values and 7 top-k values
across its 40 MoE layers).
Design: rename scalar members to _impl suffix (following existing convention),
add LLAMA_MAX_LAYERS arrays, add n_ff_exp(il)/n_expert_used(il) accessors with
scalar fallback. No new GGUF keys: reuses existing expert_feed_forward_length and
expert_used_count keys via get_key_or_arr (scalar -> broadcast, array -> per-layer).
- llama-hparams.h: n_ff_exp -> n_ff_exp_impl, n_expert_used -> n_expert_used_impl;
add n_ff_exp_arr / n_expert_used_arr arrays; add per-layer accessor declarations.
- llama-hparams.cpp: implement n_ff_exp(il) and n_expert_used(il); out-of-range
il returns impl safely (shared code, no abort).
- llama-model.cpp: central n_expert_used load changed to get_key_or_arr; derive
impl as max-of-array for validations and backward compat; zero both new arrays;
HunyuanVL override also zeroes n_expert_used_arr.
- llama-graph.cpp: aggregation loop in build_moe_ffn uses hparams.n_expert_used(il)
so per-layer top-k bounds the ggml_view loop correctly.
- All other files: mechanical rename hparams.n_{ff_exp,expert_used} -> *_impl.
Scalar arches are unaffected (broadcast fills all array slots with the single value).
(cherry picked from commit 269a81e03d66e1c353e1a203a0c03a03eb2b1a4e)
* nemotron-h: use per-layer n_ff_exp(il) and n_expert_used(il) at MoE call-sites
Load n_ff_exp via get_key_or_arr into hparams.n_ff_exp_arr in load_arch_hparams;
derive impl as max for existing uniform GGUFs.
In load_arch_tensors, compute n_ff_exp_i = hparams.n_ff_exp(i) with fallback to
n_ff(i)/n_expert_used(i) for GGUFs that omit expert_feed_forward_length.
In build_ffn_layer, pass hparams.n_expert_used(il) to build_moe_ffn so per-layer
top-k is used for expert routing selection.
All other nemotron-h behaviour (mamba2, attention, shared-exp, latent projection,
routed_scaling_factor, expert_weights_norm, sigmoid gating) is unchanged.
(cherry picked from commit b1878a101793cd4e59868ac72635a86ea694987c)
* arch/*.cpp + gguf-py: mechanical rename n_ff_exp->n_ff_exp_impl, n_expert_used->n_expert_used_impl
All non-nemotron arch files continue using the scalar impl member directly.
Behaviour is identical: the impl value is the broadcast value from the GGUF scalar.
gguf_writer: add_expert_feed_forward_length and add_expert_used_count now accept
int | Sequence[int], mirroring add_feed_forward_length, so converters can write
per-layer arrays with the same existing GGUF keys.
(cherry picked from commit 8f009f54bea5ef9a6a354123bd25e9d5ea2d5e03)
* convert: support NemotronHPuzzleForCausalLM (per-block MoE config)
Parse block_configs/mtp_block_configs into per-layer arrays (scalar-or-array
keys), append the MTP [attention, moe] sub-blocks as blk.88/blk.89 with
nextn tensors, accept the backbone.* prefix, and register the arch.
Also fix a pre-existing undeclared _experts attribute on NemotronHModel.
(cherry picked from commit d1a592f278336e78457454eb6c96bca917135f10)
* nemotron-h: distinguish Nemotron 3 Puzzle (75B.A9B) from Super (120B.A12B)
Both have 88 layers; the per-layer expert_used_count array (heterogeneous
for Puzzle, broadcast-uniform for Super) is the discriminator.
(cherry picked from commit f824e09dc812169589cf5662c92d149a4c18c30a)
* convert: accept the official Puzzle BF16 checkpoint's tensor naming
The officially distributed BF16 checkpoint (NVIDIA-Nemotron-Labs-3-Puzzle-
75B-A9B-BF16) names the trunk model.* (model.layers.*, model.embeddings,
model.norm_f) where the original release used the NemotronH-style
backbone.*, and spells the router bias e_score_correction_bias instead of
e_score_correction.bias. Normalize both at the top of
NemotronHPuzzleModel.modify_tensors so either checkpoint converts; every
tensor name in the official index (42683 keys, MTP head included) resolves
through the tensor map after normalization.
(cherry picked from commit 189b67fc2c9d50970416c94b3317a6e7baa49b03)
* laguna: use n_ff_exp_impl for the uniform-MoE FFN size
Laguna landed after this branch was cut and reads hparams.n_ff_exp as a
scalar. This series turns it into a per-layer array with an n_ff_exp(il)
accessor, so the three scalar reads no longer compile. Laguna is a
uniform MoE, so point them at the scalar fallback n_ff_exp_impl, same as
deepseek2/qwen3moe/gemma4 in this series. No behaviour change.
(cherry picked from commit dbedc9e19c50dca0acdfb402362e2707bee424ae)
* arch: extend the n_ff_exp/n_expert_used rename to archs added upstream
kimi-k3, dflash, bailingmoe3, deepseek4, granite-swa and the nemotron-h MTP
block still referenced the scalar fields by their old names. n_ff_exp and
n_expert_used are accessors now, so those reads no longer compile; point the
non-per-layer archs at the _impl scalars and use the indexed form where the
call site is per-layer.
* convert: keep Puzzle opted out of the NemotronH MTP export path
#26725 added MTP export to NemotronHModel, keyed on num_nextn_predict_layers.
Puzzle's config carries that key, but NemotronHPuzzleModel bypasses
NemotronHModel.__init__ (its per-block config needs a different setup), so
_mtp_bid was never assigned and modify_tensors raised AttributeError on any
mtp.* tensor. Puzzle's head is also laid out by mtp_block_configs, not the
mtp.layers.* form the base maps.
Set _mtp_bid to None, drop mtp.* in filter_tensors, and declare
supports_mtp_export = False so --mtp / --no-mtp fail at the CLI.
* llama: replace n_ff_exp/n_expert_used scalars with per-layer accessors
Follow-up to review feedback: the previous revision kept the scalar
hparams fields alongside the new per-layer arrays, which duplicated
state that get_key_or_arr already handles by broadcasting a scalar
value over every layer.
Drop both scalars and expose n_ff_exp(il) / n_expert_used(il) built
exactly like the existing n_head_kv(il) and n_ff(il) accessors: they
index the array and GGML_ABORT out of range, with il defaulting to 0
so genuinely uniform call sites stay a plain n_ff_exp().
Arch loaders now read both keys through get_key_or_arr over
n_layer_all, and the n_expert_used validation checks the maximum
across layers instead of a single field.
* llama: restore per-key required flags on the expert hparam reads
The scalar-to-array conversion passed required=false at every call site,
which silently made mandatory keys optional. Each read now carries the
same required flag it had before the conversion.
llama.cpp
LLM inference in C/C++
ggml / ops / maintainer PRs / dev stats / lib llama API / llama-server REST API
Quick start
A few options to get llama.cpp installed on your machine:
- Visit https://llama.app and follow the instructions
- Run with Docker - see our Docker documentation
- Download pre-built binaries from the releases page
- Build from source by cloning this repository - check out our build guide
Once installed:
# Download and run a model directly from Hugging Face
llama cli -hf ggml-org/Qwen3.5-0.8B-GGUF
# Launch OpenAI-compatible API server
llama serve -hf ggml-org/Qwen3.5-0.8B-GGUF
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Description
The main goal of llama.cpp is to enable LLM (and VLM) inference with minimal setup and state-of-the-art performance on
a wide range of hardware - locally and in the cloud.
- Plain C/C++ implementation without any dependencies
- Apple silicon is a first-class citizen - optimized via ARM NEON, Accelerate and Metal frameworks
- AVX, AVX2, AVX512 and AMX support for x86 architectures
- RVV, ZVFH, ZFH, ZICBOP and ZIHINTPAUSE support for RISC-V architectures
- 1.5-bit, 2-bit, 3-bit, 4-bit, 5-bit, 6-bit, and 8-bit integer quantization for faster inference and reduced memory use
- Custom CUDA kernels for running LLMs on NVIDIA GPUs (support for AMD GPUs via HIP and Moore Threads GPUs via MUSA)
- Vulkan and SYCL backend support
- CPU+GPU hybrid inference to partially accelerate models larger than the total VRAM capacity
The llama.cpp project is build on top of the ggml library.
Supported backends
| Backend | Target devices |
|---|---|
| BLAS | All |
| BLIS | All |
| CANN | Ascend NPU |
| CUDA | Nvidia GPU |
| HIP | AMD GPU |
| Hexagon [In Progress] | Snapdragon |
| IBM zDNN | IBM Z & LinuxONE |
| MUSA | Moore Threads GPU |
| Metal | Apple Silicon |
| OpenCL | Adreno GPU |
| OpenVINO [In Progress] | Intel CPUs, GPUs, and NPUs |
| RPC | All |
| SYCL | Intel GPU |
| VirtGPU | VirtGPU APIR |
| Vulkan | GPU |
| WebGPU | All |
| ZenDNN | AMD CPU |
Documentation
Tools
Development
- How to build
- Running on Docker
- Build on Android
- Multi-GPU usage
- Performance troubleshooting
- GGML tips & tricks
- XCFramework
- Completions
- Models
- Release process
Contributing
- Contributors can open PRs
- Collaborators will be invited based on contributions
- Maintainers can push to branches in the
llama.cpprepo and merge PRs into themasterbranch - Any help with managing issues, PRs and projects is very appreciated!
- Read the CONTRIBUTING.md for more information
Acknowledgements
- yhirose/cpp-httplib - Single-header HTTP server, used by
llama-server- MIT license - nothings/stb - Single-header image format decoder, used by multimodal subsystem - Public domain
- nlohmann/json - Single-header JSON library, used by various tools/examples - MIT License
- mackron/miniaudio - Single-header audio format decoder, used by multimodal subsystem - Public domain
- sheredom/subprocess.h - Single-header process launching solution for C and C++ - Public domain