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Daniel Han
40e90413fd
The arch was skipped with a note guessing that the hyper-connection keys
never reached the synthesised file. They did. The suite builds a model, then
saves and reloads it, and llama_model_saver did not re-emit those keys, so
the failure was in the roundtrip leg rather than the first load. Three gaps,
all in shared code and all additive:
- add_kv_from_model wrote no hyper-connection, compress-ratio or PLE keys.
The PLE group only means anything whole, so it is written or omitted
together; the rest follow the file's existing style of writing every key
unconditionally, since an architecture that does not read one is
unaffected by a zero.
- the saver had no uint64 path at all, which the PLE hash constants need.
- add_tensors_from_model enumerates model-level tensors by hand and was
missing per_layer_tok_embd and the three final-mixer tensors.
Two smaller fixes on the qwen4exp side, both found by running the test:
- build_qsa_top_k divided by the compression ratio before asserting it was
non-zero, so a file without the key crashed instead of reporting.
- a layer with no compression ratio now falls back to dense attention,
which is what the model computes below the budget anyway. The test then
has to write a ratio to reach QSA at all, and an indexer key length no
narrower than n_rot, since the indexer ropes with the main attention's
rotary width.
Full suite: 126 archs, qwen4exp at 0.00e+00 with roundtrip OK. The tiny
fixture is unchanged, max logit delta 0.0 against the pre-QSA dense run.
llama.cpp
LLM inference in C/C++
ggml / ops / maintainer PRs / dev stats / lib llama API / llama-server REST API
Quick start
A few options to get llama.cpp installed on your machine:
- Visit https://llama.app and follow the instructions
- Run with Docker - see our Docker documentation
- Download pre-built binaries from the releases page
- Build from source by cloning this repository - check out our build guide
Once installed:
# Download and run a model directly from Hugging Face
llama cli -hf ggml-org/Qwen3.5-0.8B-GGUF
# Launch OpenAI-compatible API server
llama serve -hf ggml-org/Qwen3.5-0.8B-GGUF
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Description
The main goal of llama.cpp is to enable LLM (and VLM) inference with minimal setup and state-of-the-art performance on
a wide range of hardware - locally and in the cloud.
- Plain C/C++ implementation without any dependencies
- Apple silicon is a first-class citizen - optimized via ARM NEON, Accelerate and Metal frameworks
- AVX, AVX2, AVX512 and AMX support for x86 architectures
- RVV, ZVFH, ZFH, ZICBOP and ZIHINTPAUSE support for RISC-V architectures
- 1.5-bit, 2-bit, 3-bit, 4-bit, 5-bit, 6-bit, and 8-bit integer quantization for faster inference and reduced memory use
- Custom CUDA kernels for running LLMs on NVIDIA GPUs (support for AMD GPUs via HIP and Moore Threads GPUs via MUSA)
- Vulkan and SYCL backend support
- CPU+GPU hybrid inference to partially accelerate models larger than the total VRAM capacity
The llama.cpp project is build on top of the ggml library.
Supported backends
| Backend | Target devices |
|---|---|
| BLAS | All |
| BLIS | All |
| CANN | Ascend NPU |
| CUDA | Nvidia GPU |
| HIP | AMD GPU |
| Hexagon [In Progress] | Snapdragon |
| IBM zDNN | IBM Z & LinuxONE |
| MUSA | Moore Threads GPU |
| Metal | Apple Silicon |
| OpenCL | Adreno GPU |
| OpenVINO [In Progress] | Intel CPUs, GPUs, and NPUs |
| RPC | All |
| SYCL | Intel GPU |
| VirtGPU | VirtGPU APIR |
| Vulkan | GPU |
| WebGPU | All |
| ZenDNN | AMD CPU |
Documentation
Tools
Development
- How to build
- Running on Docker
- Build on Android
- Multi-GPU usage
- Performance troubleshooting
- GGML tips & tricks
- XCFramework
- Completions
- Models
- Release process
Contributing
- Contributors can open PRs
- Collaborators will be invited based on contributions
- Maintainers can push to branches in the
llama.cpprepo and merge PRs into themasterbranch - Any help with managing issues, PRs and projects is very appreciated!
- Read the CONTRIBUTING.md for more information
Acknowledgements
- yhirose/cpp-httplib - Single-header HTTP server, used by
llama-server- MIT license - nothings/stb - Single-header image format decoder, used by multimodal subsystem - Public domain
- nlohmann/json - Single-header JSON library, used by various tools/examples - MIT License
- mackron/miniaudio - Single-header audio format decoder, used by multimodal subsystem - Public domain
- sheredom/subprocess.h - Single-header process launching solution for C and C++ - Public domain