Swedish adaptation: Instegscertifikat and HAREC content
- Sections and slides rewritten in Swedish; German law and institutions replaced by Swedish/CEPT/ITU equivalents (PTS, SSA, PTSFS 2025:1, SSMFS 2008:18), unverified statements marked "% TODO VERIFY" - New toc: INSTEG, HAREC, UPPGRADERING; section idents are Swedish (see ident-map.tsv) - Exam-question tags, BNetzA question pool, solutions and the German SWL course removed - Static pages, snippets, applets, READMEs and image alt-texts translated - TikZ labels translated; SVG drawings regenerated (drawing 689 still fails to build upstream: it references a missing photo) - Changed from the original: not endorsed by DARC e.V., SSA or PTS Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <[email protected]>
This commit is contained in:
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
|
||||
## Ackumulatortyper
|
||||
|
||||
De vanligaste ackumulatortyperna inom amatörradion:
|
||||
* Blyackumulator (Pb)
|
||||
* Nickel-metallhydrid (NiMH)
|
||||
* Litiumjärnfosfat (LiFePO4)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
[photo:175:a_akku_lifepo4:LiFePO4]
|
||||
|
||||
<left>
|
||||
* Kapacitet: $\qty{4200}{\milli\ampere\hour}$
|
||||
* Spänning: 4S1P / $\qty{13,2}{\volt}$
|
||||
</left>
|
||||
<right>
|
||||
* Urladdning: 30C Constant / 40C Burst
|
||||
* Balanskontakt: JST-XH
|
||||
</right>
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
### Kopplingar
|
||||
|
||||
Exempel:
|
||||
|
||||
* 4S1P: 4 celler i serie, 1 parallellt
|
||||
* 4S2P: 4 celler i serie, 2 parallellt
|
||||
|
||||
<fragment>
|
||||
Per cell ca. $\qty{3,2}{\volt}$ till $\qty{3,3}{\volt}$, alltså<br/>$\qty{3,3}{\volt} \cdot 4 = \qty{13,2}{\volt}$
|
||||
</fragment>
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
### Kapacitet
|
||||
|
||||
Exempelackumulator: $\qty{4200}{\milli\ampere\hour} = \qty{4,2}{\ampere\hour}$
|
||||
|
||||
<fragment>
|
||||
$\rightarrow$ belasta 1 timme med $\qty{4,2}{\ampere}$ eller 2 timmar med $\qty{2,1}{\ampere}$
|
||||
</fragment>
|
||||
<fragment>
|
||||
$t = \frac{Q}{I}$
|
||||
</fragment>
|
||||
<fragment>
|
||||
$t = \frac{\qty{4,2}{\ampere\hour}}{\qty{4,2}{\ampere}} = \qty{1}{\hour}$
|
||||
</fragment>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
vid behov räkna om timmar till sekunder med $\qty{1}{\hour} = \qty{3600}{\second}$
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
---
|
||||
### Elektrisk energi
|
||||
|
||||
Lagrad elektrisk energi i ackumulatorn
|
||||
|
||||
$E = Q \cdot U$
|
||||
|
||||
<fragment>
|
||||
Exempelackumulator: $E = \qty{4,2}{\ampere\hour} \cdot \qty{13,2}{\volt} = \qty{55,44}{\watt\hour}$
|
||||
</fragment>
|
||||
---
|
||||
### Urladdningsström
|
||||
|
||||
Uppgift på exempelackumulatorn: 30C
|
||||
|
||||
Urladdningen kan ske med 30 gånger kapaciteten $Q$
|
||||
|
||||
<fragment>
|
||||
Urladdningsström = $30 \cdot \frac{1}{\unit{\hour}} \cdot \qty{4,2}{\ampere\hour} = \qty{126}{\ampere}$
|
||||
</fragment>
|
||||
|
||||
<fragment>
|
||||
Ackumulatorn vore urladdad på 120 sekunder.
|
||||
</fragment>
|
||||
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
Kabelarean måste beaktas
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
### Seriekoppling av ackumulatorer
|
||||
|
||||
<left>
|
||||
[photo:176:a_akku_4S1P:Seriekoppling]
|
||||
</left>
|
||||
<right>
|
||||
* Spänningarna adderas
|
||||
* Koppla bara ihop celler med samma data
|
||||
</right>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
Vid olika data påverkar eller skadar cellerna varandra
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
### Parallellkoppling av ackumulatorer
|
||||
|
||||
<left>
|
||||
[photo:177:a_akku_4S2P:Parallellkoppling]
|
||||
</left>
|
||||
<right>
|
||||
* Spänningarna förblir desamma
|
||||
* Kapaciteterna adderas
|
||||
</right>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
### Balanserare
|
||||
|
||||
<left>
|
||||
[photo:178:a_akku_lifepo4_anschluss:LiFePO4 anslutningar]
|
||||
</left>
|
||||
<right>
|
||||
* Balansanslutningen kommer åt varje cells spänning
|
||||
* Balanskoppling för utjämning av spänningarna
|
||||
* Skydd av cellerna
|
||||
* Batterimonitor
|
||||
</right>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
#### Lösningsgång
|
||||
* givet: $U = \qty{2}{\volt}$
|
||||
* givet: $Q = \qty{10}{\ampere\hour}$
|
||||
* givet: $N = 6$
|
||||
* sökt: $U_{\mathrm{tot}}, Q_{\mathrm{tot}}$
|
||||
|
||||
<fragment>
|
||||
$U_{\mathrm{tot}} = N \cdot U = 6 \cdot \qty{2}{\volt} = \qty{12}{\volt}$
|
||||
</fragment>
|
||||
<fragment>
|
||||
$Q_{\mathrm{tot}} = Q \cdot 1 = \qty{10}{\ampere\hour}$
|
||||
</fragment>
|
||||
---
|
||||
#### Lösningsgång
|
||||
* givet: $Q_{\mathrm{max}} = \qty{60}{\ampere\hour}$
|
||||
* givet: $Q_{\qty{10}{\percent}} = 0,1 \cdot Q_\mathrm{max} = \qty{6}{\ampere\hour}$
|
||||
* givet: $I = \qty{0,8}{\ampere}$
|
||||
* sökt: $t$
|
||||
|
||||
<fragment>
|
||||
$Q = I \cdot t \Rightarrow t = \frac{Q}{I} = \frac{Q_{\mathrm{max}} - Q_{10\%}}{I} = \frac{\qty{54}{\ampere\hour}}{\qty{0,8}{\ampere}} = \qty{67,5}{\hour}$
|
||||
</fragment>
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
#### Lösningsgång
|
||||
* givet: $U = \qty{12}{\volt}$
|
||||
* givet: $Q = \qty{5}{\ampere\hour}$
|
||||
* sökt: $W$
|
||||
|
||||
<fragment>
|
||||
$W = P \cdot t = U \cdot I \cdot t = U \cdot Q = \qty{12}{\volt} \cdot \qty{5}{\ampere\hour} = \qty{60,0}{\watt\hour}$
|
||||
</fragment>
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user