990 Commits
Author SHA1 Message Date
Sergey Sklyarov c5a5535e6e common/json-schema : fix GBNF grammar generation for empty object schemas (#28279) 2026-09-03 15:37:50 -05:00
Georgi Gerganov 7bb0fc18f6 metal : add sparse FA (#28098)
* metal : support n_kv_max sparse mask hint in flash attention vec kernel

- add kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_idx: compacts finite mask entries into
  a per-row index list (Hillis-Steele scan, one threadgroup per row)
- extend vec FA kernel with optional sparse index gathering (FC slot 5)
- add host-side gate: sparse path when n_kv_max > 0, mask present,
  supported head sizes / KV types, n_kv_max <= 4096
- new buffer region extra_idx for the index list
- pipeline getter extended with has_sparse param
- add test cases: head sizes, quant types, nb>1, nr23 variants,
  sinks, ALiBi, softcap, permute, v_view_of_k, no-mask fallback

Note: multi-row (nb*nr23[1] > 1) cases still failing - rid mapping
in the store phase needs revisiting for the sparse path.

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B

* metal : fix sparse flash attention row addressing

- kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec_idx: mask param is half* but nb31 is a byte
  stride, so the per-row mask offset was scaled by 2x; cast to char*
  before applying the byte strides
- kernel_flash_attn_ext_vec: sparse pidx param is char* so the per-row
  element offset was under-scaled by sizeof(int); scale it by sizeof(int)
  to get the correct byte offset
- fixes the multi-row (nb*nr23[1] > 1) sparse flash attention failures

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-v4-0731

* cont : use sparse vec FA for prefill

* metal : single-pass flash attention sparse index compaction

The idx kernel previously read the mask row twice: once to count the finite
entries (for the prefix scan) and again to recover their positions. Since the
kernel is memory-bound, this doubled the mask traffic.

Keep the finite positions in a per-thread register array during the count
pass and write them out directly, avoiding the second mask read. A dense
mask with more than NLOCAL finite entries in a slice falls back to re-reading
the mask to write the remaining positions.

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-v4-0731

* tests : add perf cases for sparse flash attention prefill

Measure the sparse vec FA kernel across KV sizes, n_kv_max hints and batch
sizes. Run with:

    ./build/bin/test-backend-ops -b MTL0 -o FLASH_ATTN_EXT -p "n_kv_max=[1-9]" perf

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-v4-0731

* qwen4 : enable sparse attention

* cont : adjust nsg

* cont : sync test-backend-ops

* cont : disable Qwen4 for now

* cont : clean-up + tests
2026-09-03 13:51:13 +03:00
Georgi Gerganov 0df017d6dd metal : fix glu dispatch with ne00 = 1 (#28306)
* metal : fix glu dispatch with ne00 = 1

* tests : disable ill-defined tests
2026-09-03 13:25:41 +03:00
EurekaticandRaulAbejonDelgado 4aa6ffba25 sycl: reduce redundant work in Q4_K multi-column MMVQ (#27062)
* sycl: Q4_K Weight unpack optimization and reuse between destination Columns

* sycl: Q4_K small N (N=2..4) + two output rows by subgroup reuse of activation between two rows.

* sycl: gate Q4_K two-row reuse for small N=2

* sycl: Fix on magic number now uses Q4_K_MMVQ_ROW_PAIR_MIN_NROWS=6272 for it, added tests for coverage around Q4_K_MMVQ_ROW_PAIR_MIN_NROWS with perf support to test Q4_K MUL_MAT, applied the same  reuse pattern to the activation as the weights.

Assisted-by: GPT-5.6 Sol

---------

Co-authored-by: RaulAbejonDelgado <[email protected]>
2026-09-03 14:59:06 +08:00
Xuan-Son Nguyen 7339054744 mtmd: add mtmd_tokenize_from_parts() (#28250)
* add mtmd_tokenize_from_parts

* use it in mtmd-cli

* move add_special to call level
2026-09-02 21:20:10 +02:00
Aman Gupta 8e93a9773b CUDA + ggml: add sparse-fa for DSV4/GLM (#27970) 2026-09-02 17:27:37 +03:00
Laurent ZuijdwijkandMarshall ba8818cbf3 vulkan: handle larger batch sizes (>4) efficiently for IQ3_S mat-vec (#27449)
* vulkan: handle larger batch sizes (>4) efficiently for IQ3_S mat-vec when NUM_COLS > 4. 5x perf at n=8

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5

* adds 2 cases per quant type at `k=16*256` to the `all_types` mat-vec sweep

---------

Co-authored-by: Marshall <[email protected]>
2026-09-02 09:14:52 +03:00
anujj 3466812d1f cuda: fuse MoE weighted expert reduction (#25952)
* cuda : fuse MoE weighted reduction (mul + view + add)

The MoE combine tail currently writes weighted expert outputs to
global memory before reducing them. That intermediate global-memory
traffic is the main cost. The production baseline generally runs two
physical fused kernels; this path runs one.

This change matches the full expert-weighting plus ordered-reduction
subgraph and replaces it with one weighted-reduction kernel.

Supported graphs:
- unscaled: experts * router_weights
- scaled:   (experts * expert_scale) * router_weights

k = 2..15 is handled by one runtime-k kernel.

Matching is structural: op sequence, shapes, strides, expert views,
and the left-to-right ADD chain. The fused kernel keeps that same
reduction order. Results are not claimed bit-identical; CUDA FP32
contraction can change rounding slightly.

Allocator integration uses add_alloc_dep from the graph-optimizer
API so experts, router weights, and optional expert scales stay live
until the fused destination is written. Memory ranges are rechecked
before the fused kernel runs.

Unrecognized or unsafe graphs are left alone and keep the existing
per-op path. Set GGML_CUDA_MOE_WEIGHTED_REDUCTION=0 to disable the
fusion.

test-backend-ops covers scaled/unscaled, aligned/unaligned, and
representative values across k=2..15, plus a k=16 case that must
stay on the per-op path.

* Pruned the test matrix from 15 to 6

* Addressed the aman and olivers review comments
2026-09-01 21:48:47 +02:00
Titaniumtown c845263f8b Revert "sycl : add Kronecker product FWHT support for sizes 384, 640, 768, 12…" (#28184)
This reverts commit 1f3d318734.
2026-09-01 19:04:31 +03:00
Jingxin (Philip) Li 1f3d318734 sycl : add Kronecker product FWHT support for sizes 384, 640, 768, 1280 (#28016) 2026-09-01 11:47:08 -04:00
Daniel Han 36b1015438 qwen4exp: fix seq_cp, block position keying, mtmd input, cuda abort, add tests (#27941)
* qwen4exp: follow up fixes

* -kvu NaN collapse fix

Assisted-by: Claude

* indexer cache ext.x/ext.y restore fix

Assisted-by: Claude

* kv-cells: rename seq_set to seq_get_all

seq_get is already taken by the single-id getter, so the suggested name
cannot be overloaded on return type alone.

Assisted-by: Claude

* memory-hybrid-idx: implement set_input_qsa on the memory class

The context held the whole implementation, where the pattern elsewhere is a
thin context forwarding to the memory class, as llama_kv_cache_context does
for set_input_kq_mask. The body reads no context state, so it moves unchanged
and the context keeps a forwarder.

Also shortens the seq_get_all comment as suggested.

* tests: check that a sequence state survives a save/restore round-trip

Saves seq 0, erases it, restores the blob and saves again, requiring the two
blobs to match. Compares blobs rather than generated text, which cannot see a
field dropped on the way back in.

Note this passes on master for qwen4exp, so it does not demonstrate the
ext.x/ext.y drop this PR fixes; reaching that needs 2D mrope content.

* tests: give the synthetic qwen4exp a PLE so the state test bites

has_cell_ext() is n_pos_per_embd() > 1 || ple_n_heads > 0, and the indexer
cache sets rope_type = NONE, so without a PLE it serializes no cell ext at
all and the round-trip test cannot see a dropped ext.x/ext.y. With one,
removing the ext_set restore in state_read_meta fails the test: 198 of
335692 bytes differ, first at offset 282092.

Loading such a model needed two fixes:

- the row count of per_layer_token_embd came from require_weight(), which a
  model synthesised from metadata alone has no file to answer. Derive it
  from the head ranges and prefer the file's padded count where there is one.
- the PLE conv history is a row of the recurrent cache, so a PLE on a full
  attention layer dereferenced a null p_l. Reject it at load time instead.

The meta mirror is skipped for qwen4exp. It returned NaN logits before this
fixture carried a PLE, which the nmse check passes since a NaN comparison is
false, and aborts with one. -sm tensor on real devices works.

Assisted-by: Claude

* llama: disable -sm tensor for qwen4exp

test-llama-archs skipped the tensor split for this arch from inside the
test, so the arch still advertised support it does not have. Declare it in
llm_arch_supports_sm_tensor instead and drop the test-side exception; the
existing llm_arch_supports_sm_tensor branch then does the skipping.

Assisted-by: Claude
2026-09-01 13:22:04 +03:00
Georgi Gerganov d086dbb348 tests : fix log verbosity for test-llama-archs (#28147)
* tests : fix log verbosity for test-llama-archs

* cont : naming

* cont : add note
2026-09-01 13:07:12 +03:00
James Francis d5d993a093 metal: enable Metal 4.0 tensor API on M5+/A19+ (#27461)
* metal : request Metal 4.0 language version for the tensor API

* metal : load the tensor API kernels from a separate metallib

* tests : add external-metallib tensor API regression test

* metal : fix metallib build order for the tensor API kernels
2026-09-01 12:02:42 +03:00
ynankani e4b9af007b CUDA: XOR swizzle flash attn K,V smem fp16 tiles (#25635)
* CUDA: XOR swizzle flash attn  K,V smem fp16 tiles

Signed-off-by: ynankani <[email protected]>

* Fix use 64bit generic pointer instead of 32bit shared pointer

Signed-off-by: ynankani <[email protected]>

* fix shared memory race in FA on DGX Spark

* Handle corener case

Signed-off-by: ynankani <[email protected]>

* Add swizzle test cases and gate sync for swizzled path only

Signed-off-by: ynankani <[email protected]>

* gate CUDA PTX

Signed-off-by: ynankani <[email protected]>

* offset calculation specific for swizzle branch

Signed-off-by: ynankani <[email protected]>

* Reafctor code

Signed-off-by: ynankani <[email protected]>

* Refactor FA swizzle ldmatrix if/else into helpers (K row/col, V offset)

Signed-off-by: ynankani <[email protected]>

* rebase and update test case args

Signed-off-by: ynankani <[email protected]>

* Allow swizzle for non-pow2 shapes, for which nbatch_2%32==0

Signed-off-by: ynankani <[email protected]>

---------

Signed-off-by: ynankani <[email protected]>
2026-08-31 22:18:01 +02:00
BartowskiandGeorgi Gerganov 85c55223ca AVX2: Speed up large batch size prompt processing of IQ models (#27402)
* Batched gemm for grid IQ quants

Style updates and a bit more performance

Clean up comments

Move code around

Vectorize IQ panel decode, lower threshold for speedup

IQ panel: single-source gather layout, gate bias, vectorize interleave

Add ggml_gemm_iqp_8x8_q8_K_p4 kernel, remove gather buffer

Move IQ panel code out of repack into iqp.cpp, clean up comments

Another comment sweep

* Add myself as iqp.* codeownder

* Remove ggml_cpu_iqp_scratch_offset and ggml_cpu_iqp_src1_conv_size

* Renaming and moving

* The other half of renaming and moving

* Move macros and ggml_cpu_iqp_mul_mat_id_min_batch definition

* Update ggml/src/ggml-cpu/iqp.h

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <[email protected]>

* Add iqp_rows work buffer

* Revert "Add iqp_rows work buffer"

This reverts commit 425542991e.

* Add NUMA fallback

* Add 10 row batch tests for IQP coverage on all grid IQ types

* Swap assert for return false in support check

* Move IQP mul_mat_id test

---------

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <[email protected]>
2026-08-31 14:33:50 -04:00
itsnotoger 2d8d612e4c kv-cache : optimize restoring non-contiguous cells (#27991)
* kv cache : batch state restore scatter reads per contiguous run

When restoring state into non-contiguous destination cells (e.g. a
prompt-cache snapshot into a fragmented ring), state_read_data issued
one small copy per KV cell - ~1.4M copies of a few KiB each for a
40k+ token restore, taking 25-63 s on the CUDA backend.

The snapshot stores cell rows in cell order, so a maximal run of
consecutive destination indices maps to one contiguous block and can
be restored with a single copy. Precompute the runs once and use them
in all three scatter loops (K, V, transposed V). Byte-identical.

The on-device reader copies with a byte cursor when the read and
write chunking differs, so the batched reads are safe for it as well.
Batching makes equal tensor counts with a different split reachable
(save ranges [2,1] vs restore runs [1,2]); the next commit teaches the
reader's 1:1 path to fall back to the byte cursor in that case.

Verified in a production setup: 1,363,616 copies / 25-63 s -> 224
copies / 221-424 ms for the same restores (42,603 cells, 4 runs).

Assisted-by: Claude Code (unsloth/qwen3.8-27b)

* context : fall back to the byte cursor when read and write chunking differ

the on-device reader copies saved state back with a 1:1 copy by tensor
index whenever the write and read sides recorded the same number of
tensors, guarded by a per-tensor size assert.

equal tensor counts do not imply equal chunking: a state restore may
batch its reads per contiguous run of destination cells while the save
used per-range reads, so both sides can record two tensors that split
the same data differently, and the assert aborts in all builds.

compare the per-tensor sizes and only take the 1:1 path when the
chunking actually matches, otherwise fall through to the existing
byte-cursor copy. both sides enumerate the same logical data in the
same order, so the cursor copy is well-defined across tensor
boundaries.

Assisted-by: Claude Code (unsloth/qwen3.8-27b)

* tests : cover state restore scatter reads on host and on-device paths

decode the same prefix on two sequences, interleaving the seq 0 cells
between the seq 1 cells, so the seq 1 cells are isolated from each
other in the kv cache (three cells, two saved ranges). save the seq 1
state, free the interleaved seq 0 cells, and restore: the destination
is then non-contiguous (two runs), and the restore-side chunking has
the same tensor count as the save-side with a different split, so the
scatter path is batched per contiguous run and the on-device reader's
byte-cursor fallback is exercised.

the restored state is saved again on the host and compared byte for
byte with the first save: the blob is serialized in sequence cell
order, so the two saves are identical if and only if the scatter
restore wrote exactly the same KV content. this documents the
byte-identical guarantee of the run-batched scatter reads.

one test per io backend: the host (CPU) path and the on-device path.

Assisted-by: Claude Code (unsloth/qwen3.8-27b)
2026-08-31 19:49:58 +03:00
ynankani 41ef91f7c8 CUDA: extend MOE fusion to specdec, earlier MOE glu fusion and topk-router fusion were restricted to 1 token (#27621)
* CUDA: extend MOE fusion to specdec, earlier MOE glu fusion and topk-router fusion were resticted to 1 token

Signed-off-by: ynankani <[email protected]>

* Address review comments

Signed-off-by: ynankani <[email protected]>

* Add SWIGLU_CLAMP case to multi-token moe fusion

Signed-off-by: ynankani <[email protected]>

---------

Signed-off-by: ynankani <[email protected]>
2026-08-31 19:22:28 +08:00
Ruben Ortlam daef7b6874 vulkan: top_k radix select for k >= 1024 for Qwen 3.8 Flash Next (#28032)
* vulkan: add top-k radix sort shader for k >= 1024

* add Qwen 3.8 Flash Next top-k tests

* add top-k qsa fusion

* clean up code
2026-08-31 07:04:34 +02:00
hmirinandGeorgi Gerganov a7cc83bbae rpc: avoid serializing buffers from other servers (#26500)
* rpc: avoid serializing buffers from other servers

Only include remote buffer pointers when the buffer belongs to the RPC dispatcher receiving the graph. Add a two-server regression test for cross-server tensor serialization.

Assisted-by: Codex

* cont : add ref

---------

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <[email protected]>
2026-08-30 20:26:16 +03:00
Aman Gupta 0190529ec4 ggml: add SWIGLU_CLAMP (#27930)
* ggml: add SWIGLU_CLAMP

* add vulkan shader
2026-08-30 23:00:02 +08:00
Aman Gupta 57291f2644 ggml: allow passing alloc dependencies in graph_optimize (#27301)
* ggml: allow passing alloc dependencies in graph_optimize

* add alloc dep tests

* add TODO about using flat array
2026-08-30 11:34:20 +08:00
Jeff Bolz 77f132cb1d vulkan: Change mul_mat_id to pad K rather than N (#27925)
The N padding is needed for mul_mat, but not mul_mat_id. For mul_mat_id,
we indirect the row index through a shared memory lookup table which avoids
any OOB row coordinate. But that callback doesn't bounds check K, so we
actually need K padding instead.
2026-08-29 10:09:24 +03:00
Tekin ErtekinandGeorgi Gerganov a43c3986b4 ggml : fix conv_transpose_2d for multiple batches (#26132)
* ggml : fix conv_transpose_2d for multiple batches

ggml_compute_forward_conv_transpose_2d_impl only computed the first
batch (ne[3] of the destination); every batch after the first was left
as zero. Both the src1 permutation and the main compute loop now iterate
over the batch dimension, and the work buffer size in ggml_graph_plan is
scaled by the src1 batch count so the extra permuted batches fit. A
multi-batch test case is added to test-backend-ops.

Fixes ggml-org/ggml#1448

* metal : fix conv_transpose_2d for multiple batches

The kernel only computed batch 0 of the input (src1->ne[3]); every
output batch after the first was left as zero, so multi-batch
conv_transpose_2d results diverged from the CPU reference.

The grid now covers all batches (OW x OH x OC x N), the kernel decodes
the batch from the grid z coordinate and offsets both the input and
destination indices accordingly. nb3 is passed in the kernel args.

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B

---------

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <[email protected]>
2026-08-28 20:09:08 +03:00
Georgi Gerganov 4e97ac86eb tests : run test-save-load-state across all architectures (#27755)
* tests : run test-save-load-state across all architectures

test-save-load-state previously only ran in ctest against a single
downloaded model (tinyllamas/stories15M), i.e. only the llama arch.

Add a --models DIR mode to test-save-load-state that runs the full
save/load suite over every *.gguf in a directory, reporting a
per-model PASS/FAIL and exiting non-zero if any model fails, and wire
a ctest to run it over all architectures using the existing
generate-models fixture (test-llama-archs). The single-model -m mode
is preserved (still used by ci/run.sh).

Also bump the dummy-model training context in test-llama-archs from
128 to 256 so that the per-sequence context (which is padded up to a
multiple of 256) no longer exceeds n_ctx_train and emits the
"possible training context overflow" warning.

The test is expected to fail until the affected arches are fixed:
deepseek4 (host seq-copy), gemma2/gpt-oss/lfm2 (device seq-copy),
minimax-01 (state load). It aborts at the first arch that crashes.

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B

* tests : match dummy DSA indexer to fused Lightning Indexer kernel

The dummy DSA indexer (deepseek32, glm-dsa, ...) used key_length=64 and head_count=1, so the fused Lightning Indexer op's q tensor was shaped [64, 1, ...]. The Metal fused kernel is fixed to DK=128, NH=64, so it rejected the op and the scheduler fell back to CPU, emitting a 'layer assigned to MTL but Lightning Indexer on CPU' warning. Bump key_length to 128 and the DSA head_count to 64 so the fused op runs on the GPU.

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B

* tests : add --help and document -o in test-llama-archs

Add a --help/-h flag to test-llama-archs and list the existing -o/--out option in the usage text, which was previously missing.

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B

* tests : use 64 indexer heads for deepseek4

deepseek4's indexer head count was set to n_head (8), which does not match the fused Lightning Indexer kernel's fixed NH=64, so the fused op fell back to the CPU backend and emitted a device-mismatch warning. Give it the same fixed 64 as the other indexer archs by dropping it from the n_head ternary (only minimax-m3 keeps n_head, since it does not use the fused Lightning Indexer op).

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B

* tests : fix dsv4 save-load n_stream mismatch

The dsv4 KV cache keeps per-sequence KV/state streams even in unified mode, so its n_stream equals n_seq_max. The test saved the state in the baseline with n_seq_max=1 but loaded it in the seq-copy tests with n_seq_max=2, so state_read threw an n_stream mismatch. Use n_seq_max=2 in the baseline and state-load tests so the save and load agree.

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B

* context : relax on-device seq-copy chunk alignment

The on-device state seq copy (llama_state_seq_set_data with LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_ON_DEVICE) copied the write-side cpy tensors to the read-side targets 1:1 by index, requiring the writer and reader to emit the same number of chunks in the same order with the same per-chunk sizes. state_write_data chunks per cell-range while state_read_data chunks contiguous-or-per-cell, so the counts diverged for non-contiguous sources (dsv4, SWA) and the copy aborted with "memory buffer mismatch".

All state writers and readers enumerate the same logical data in the same order, differing only in chunking. Copy the flat write-side data into the read-side targets with a byte cursor that walks both tensor lists across their boundaries, so the chunking no longer needs to match. Keep the total-size guard; drop the n_tensors equality check.

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B

* model : fix dangling hparams ref in minimax-01 LA graph input
llm_graph_input_la stored const llama_hparams & hparams, bound to the llm_graph_params temporary in llama_context::process_ubatch. The input object outlives that temporary (it is kept in llm_graph_result::inputs for graph reuse), so set_input() read destroyed stack memory on every graph reuse - test-save-load-state crashed for minimax-01 when the stack region was overwritten (n_layer_all read as 0, abort in llama_hparams::n_head). Store a copy like every other graph input class.
Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B

* context : handle "worst case" graph and add TODO
2026-08-28 09:45:19 +03:00
6c84c7d5d8 model: add Qwen3.8-Flash-Next (qwen4exp) (#27742)
* gguf: add qwen4exp (Qwen3.8-Flash-Next) arch and converter

Adds the GGUF-side plumbing for HF model_type qwen4_exp:

- MODEL_ARCH.QWEN4EXP plus tensors for the low-rank hyper-connection
  variant (hc_*_norm/down/up/inject) and the PLE n-gram hash embeddings.
  The DeepSeek-V4 hc_*_fn/base/scale tensors are a different
  parameterisation, so these are separate entries rather than reuse.
- Reuses the existing indexer, per_layer_token_embd, SSM and
  compress_ratios keys unchanged.
- conversion/qwen4exp.py inherits the Qwen3.5 linear-attention V-head
  reorder and interleaved mrope, concatenates the 128 PLE embedding
  shards, and splits index_qk_proj into separate indexer q/k tensors.

The PLE hash multipliers reach ~2.4e13. prepare_tensors() casts every
non-float dtype to float32 before modify_tensors() runs, and GGUF array
writes infer INT32 from Python ints, so both paths are bypassed: the
constants are read from the pre-cast lazy tensors and written as
explicit UINT64 arrays.

Additive only; no existing arch changes behaviour.

* llama: load qwen4exp (Qwen3.8-Flash-Next) hparams and tensors

Adds LLM_ARCH_QWEN4EXP with its hparams and tensor loading. The graph
comes in the next commit; this makes the model load and report correct
metadata.

- hyper-connections set n_embd_out_impl = hc_count * n_embd, so the
  residual stream is 4x wide and there is no output_norm: the final
  mixer's hc_norm is the last norm in the model.
- registered as hybrid and given the same recurrent/attention memory
  filters as Qwen3-Next and Qwen3.5.
- reuses the existing indexer, per_layer_token_embd, SSM and
  compress_ratios keys as-is.
- the PLE table row count is read back from the file rather than
  recomputing the vocab padding rule.

llama-model-loader gains UINT64 array support. That branch previously
threw, so no existing caller changes behaviour; it is needed because the
PLE hash multipliers do not fit in int32.

* qwen4exp: shorten comments

* llama: qwen4exp text graph with hyper-connections, GDN and MoE

Implements the decode graph for Qwen3.8-Flash-Next: the hyper-connection
residual stream, gated delta net layers, the MoE block with its gated shared
expert, and dense full attention. The QSA indexer and the PLE n-gram embedding
are not wired up yet and land in later commits.

Hyper-connections are implemented here rather than shared with deepseek4.cpp.
The two formulations agree on the [n_embd, hc, n_tokens] layout and little
else: DeepSeek-V4 mixes with a full-rank projection and Sinkhorn-normalises
it, whereas this model uses a low-rank down/silu/up sigmoid gate and collapses
by a plain mean. Only the ~10 line stream mean is genuinely common, so sharing
would mean touching DSV4's hot path and its three fused CUDA ops to reuse very
little. What is reused is the substantive part: the LLM_KV_HYPER_CONNECTION_*
keys, the n_embd_out_impl wide-residual support already in the loader, and the
layout convention.

Also allows a checkpoint to carry no PLE layers at all, which makes it
possible to bring the graph up and validate it in stages.

Validated against vLLM, the only working reference implementation. On a
scaled-down model with an init scale large enough to give non-uniform logits,
agreement with vLLM sits at the numerical noise floor: llama.cpp f32 against
its own bf16 gives 84.3% top-1 agreement over 255 positions, and this graph
against vLLM gives 85.1%. The comparison was calibrated by seeding three
deliberate bugs (silu instead of sigmoid on the delta net gate, dropping the
1/hc scale in the mix, dropping the 2x in the combine); each drops top-1 to
between 0% and 11%, an order of magnitude below the floor.

* llama: qwen4exp PLE n-gram hash embedding

Adds the per-layer embedding: a custom I32 graph input hashes each token with
its ngram_size-1 predecessors host-side and the result is a plain row gather
over the shared table, the same shape gemma3n's per-layer embedding uses. The
hash has to run on the host because the splitmix64-derived multipliers reach
2^45, so the products need 64-bit integers and an xor, neither of which ggml
has.

Predecessors that fall outside the ubatch come from a small per-sequence
history on the model, mirroring the per-request ngram_context the reference
carries. It is only trusted when contiguous with the incoming position, so a
fresh prompt or a rewound cache falls back to EOS padding rather than hashing
against stale tokens.

The depthwise conv is written out as a sum of shifted, per-channel-scaled
copies rather than through ggml_conv_1d_dw, which carries a correctness
warning upstream.

Verified two ways. The row indices match a transcription of the reference's
tensor formulation exactly, 1024 of 1024 rows, including sequences with EOS
tokens sprinkled through them to exercise the segment reset. Separately, with
PLE placed on layer 0 so its input is just the token embedding, ple_embd and
ple_gated_value match a PyTorch computation from the same checkpoint to every
printed digit.

End to end over 1023 scored positions the port sits the same distance from
vLLM with PLE as without it, 6.3 points of top-1 against 6.0, so PLE costs no
accuracy relative to the rest of the model. That common offset is vLLM's bf16
activations, which cannot be removed: its QSA kernel refuses float32.

Two bugs found along the way, both caught by the row-index check. The history
was read and updated in the same pass, so a token early in a ubatch could pick
up an earlier token of that same ubatch as prior context; it is now snapshotted
first. And an EOS token was cutting its own context, where the reference takes
the last EOS strictly before the position, so a boundary only hides tokens from
the positions after it.

Known gap: the conv carries no state across ubatches, so it is exact only for a
prefill that starts at position 0. Chunked prefill and decode need the conv
state wired into the recurrent memory, and the conv branch itself is still
numerically unverified because the fixture zeroes its weights.

* llama: carry the qwen4exp PLE conv state across ubatches

The PLE depthwise conv was zero-padding on the left, which is only right for a
prefill that starts at position 0. Decode and chunked prefill saw a truncated
history for the first (kernel-1)*ngram_size positions of every ubatch.

The PLE module sits on a layer that is also a delta-net layer, so both need a
conv history in the same recurrent row. Rather than plumb a per-layer state
size through build_rs and build_conv_state, the row is widened once and each
convolution addresses its own slice through a local helper. n_embd_r() gains
the extra span, which is zero for every other architecture because it is
derived from ple_n_heads.

Verified by feeding the same 1024 token sequence in chunks instead of one
shot: at 64 tokens per decode the logits are bit-identical to the single-shot
run, 1023 of 1023 top-1 and a maximum logprob deviation of exactly zero. At
one token per decode they differ slightly, but the no-PLE model differs more
under the same test (94.6% against 97.1%), so that is the usual gemv-versus-
gemm accumulation difference and not the state.

The conv branch is also no longer unverified. With non-zero conv weights the
port sits 6.3 points of top-1 below the numerical floor, the same distance as
with the weights zeroed and as the model with no PLE at all, so the branch
adds no error of its own.

test-llama-archs passes every existing architecture at 0.00e+00, including the
delta-net models that share this code path.

* llama: fix the qwen4exp PLE conv state and unblock test-llama-archs

build_rs writes into the state tensor in place, zeroing one row and copying the
carried-over states, so calling it twice for the same layer let the second call
clobber the first write-back. The PLE layer is also a delta-net layer, so that
is exactly what happened: both convolutions gathered the same row. They now
share a single gather per layer.

The earlier claim that the conv state was carried correctly was tested on a
fixture whose conv weights are zero, where the branch contributes nothing and
chunking matches trivially. Re-running with non-zero conv weights showed the
divergence, growing with the number of ubatch boundaries: 97.1% top-1 at one
boundary down to 90.2% at seven. With the shared gather it is bit-identical to
the single-shot run at every chunk size tried, 512, 128 and 64, with a maximum
logprob deviation of exactly zero over 1023 positions. The delta-net-only model
stays bit-identical too, so nothing regressed there.

Also derive the delta-net conv channel count the way load_arch_tensors sizes
wqkv instead of from ssm_d_inner. The two agree for this model, but n_embd_r()
only bounds the row and the convolution has to match the tensor feeding it.

test-llama-archs previously aborted on this architecture and took every later
architecture with it. qwen4exp is marked MoE-only, given the hyper-connection
keys and an ssm_d_inner consistent with its tensor derivation, and skipped for
now: the hyper-connection keys written by get_gguf_ctx are not reaching the
synthesised file, which needs a separate look. The suite completes again, 124
architectures at 0.00e+00.

* llama: optional indexer key cache in llama_memory_hybrid

Groundwork for qwen4exp's QSA sparse attention. Its indexer needs a per-token
key history for the full-attention layers, but a hybrid model cannot use
llama_kv_cache_dsa: that class derives from llama_memory_i rather than
llama_kv_cache, and llama_memory_hybrid constructs its attention cache
directly. No existing architecture pairs recurrent state with a sparse
indexer, so there was nothing to reuse wholesale.

llama_memory_hybrid therefore gains a third, optional cache, shaped the same
way llama_kv_cache_dsa shapes its lightning-indexer cache: a copy of hparams
with n_head_kv forced to 1 and n_embd_head_k_full set to indexer_head_size.
It is built only when a filter_idx callback is passed, which defaults to
nullptr, so every existing architecture gets exactly what it got before. The
per-sequence operations and the batch preparation forward to it under a null
check, matching how the DSA cache prepares its two caches over the same
ubatches.

test-llama-archs passes all 124 architectures at 0.00e+00, including the 12 in
the hybrid family that share this code. The qwen4exp fixtures are unchanged:
same logits against vLLM, and chunked evaluation still bit-identical to
single-shot.

* llama: QSA sparse attention for qwen4exp

The full-attention layers of this model do not attend to everything. An
indexer scores one mean-pooled key per block of compress_ratio tokens and
keeps a budget of the best blocks, plus the tail of tokens that do not yet
form a complete block. Below indexer_top_k + compress_ratio - 1 cached
tokens every block fits in the budget, so the result is exactly dense.

What is reused rather than rebuilt:

  - the mask machinery. build_attn's DSA overload already turns a list of
    token indices into a KQ mask via ggml_set_rows, so that block is lifted
    out verbatim into build_attn_mask_top_k and shared with a new overload
    on llm_graph_input_attn_kv. DSA's node sequence is unchanged; the new
    overload exists because llama_kv_cache_dsa assumes MLA and cannot be
    dropped into a hybrid model.
  - the indexer key cache, which is the optional third cache added to
    llama_memory_hybrid in the previous commit. It holds raw keys, because
    pooling happens before the norm and the rotation.

The graph expands block scores rather than block indices: giving every
token of a block its block's score needs only a gather, where expanding
indices would need an integer multiply-add that ggml has no op for. Since
the budget is a whole number of blocks and a block's members tie exactly,
the cut still lands on a block boundary.

Everything that depends on cache layout is computed host-side in
set_input_qsa. Blocks are cuts of the position line rather than of the cell
array, so nothing assumes the cache is contiguous.

Measured on the tiny fixture against vLLM, comparing the selected token
indices directly rather than the logits:

  below the budget    selection identical, and 1024-token logits are
                      bit-identical to the pre-QSA dense path
  above the budget    mean jaccard 0.975

The direct index comparison is what made this correct. The reference
rectifies each head's dot product before summing over heads, which an
earlier reading of it had missed; on logits alone the resulting port looked
fine, because on a randomly initialised fixture the known-correct dense
path already disagrees with vLLM by more than the bug did. Comparing the
indices showed 0.794, and fixing the ReLU moved it to 0.975.

* llama: give the qwen4exp indexer cache the attention cache's slots

The indexer cache found its own slots, independently of the attention
cache. Both are the same size and see the same ubatches, so in a
straight-through prefill they agree, which is why every fixture and every
single-shot parity run passed. They drift once the context is being
rewritten between turns, and then the QSA top-k indices, which are applied
against the attention mask, point at the wrong cells.

The seven-turn chat test caught it on the third turn: llama-server aborted
on the assertion that the two caches report the same n_kv.

The cache is a side buffer addressed by the attention cache's cells, so it
now takes that cache's slot layout instead of computing one. Applying that
layout also marks its cells identically, so the two agree cell for cell by
construction rather than by coincidence, and the assertion can no longer
fire.

Inert where the caches already agreed: test-llama-archs green at 126 archs
and 0.00e+00, and the 4096-token tiny fixture is unchanged at max logit
delta 0.0.

* tests: record what the qwen4exp arch-test skip actually observes

The old note guessed that the hyper-connection keys never reach the file.
They do: dumping the gguf_context handed to llama_model_init_from_user
shows both among its 67 KVs, and the loader still reports one missing.

* tests: cover qwen4exp in test-llama-archs

The arch was skipped with a note guessing that the hyper-connection keys
never reached the synthesised file. They did. The suite builds a model, then
saves and reloads it, and llama_model_saver did not re-emit those keys, so
the failure was in the roundtrip leg rather than the first load. Three gaps,
all in shared code and all additive:

  - add_kv_from_model wrote no hyper-connection, compress-ratio or PLE keys.
    The PLE group only means anything whole, so it is written or omitted
    together; the rest follow the file's existing style of writing every key
    unconditionally, since an architecture that does not read one is
    unaffected by a zero.
  - the saver had no uint64 path at all, which the PLE hash constants need.
  - add_tensors_from_model enumerates model-level tensors by hand and was
    missing per_layer_tok_embd and the three final-mixer tensors.

Two smaller fixes on the qwen4exp side, both found by running the test:

  - build_qsa_top_k divided by the compression ratio before asserting it was
    non-zero, so a file without the key crashed instead of reporting.
  - a layer with no compression ratio now falls back to dense attention,
    which is what the model computes below the budget anyway. The test then
    has to write a ratio to reach QSA at all, and an indexer key length no
    narrower than n_rot, since the indexer ropes with the main attention's
    rotary width.

Full suite: 126 archs, qwen4exp at 0.00e+00 with roundtrip OK. The tiny
fixture is unchanged, max logit delta 0.0 against the pre-QSA dense run.

* convert: stream the qwen4exp PLE table instead of concatenating it

The n-gram table arrives as 128 shards that were held in a dict and then
torch.cat-ed, so the peak was the shards plus the concatenation: around
300 GB of RSS on the real checkpoint, which rules out machines that could
otherwise convert this model.

Each shard is now written straight into a memory-mapped file at its final
row offset and dropped, so the resident set is one shard and the rest is
the page cache's problem. The temporary file sits beside the output and is
removed once the write finishes, including on failure.

Shards other than the last must be uniform for direct placement, which is
asserted rather than assumed, and a shard arriving before the stride is
known is held instead of misplaced.

Verified on the tiny fixture: the resulting GGUF is byte-identical to the
one the concatenating path produced (md5 2d274efac91ad1e9a6007efb0687e597).

* quantize: fall back to F16 for 32-block types with an odd ncols

tensor_type_fallback demotes a tensor whose ncols is not a multiple of the
target's block size, but its switch only enumerates the 256-block types. A
target that is already a 32-block type (iq4_nl, q4_0, q5_0, q8_0, ...) falls
into default: and throws, even though the function already knows how to answer
that case: the ncols check right below the switch resolves an unrepresentable
shape to F16.

Route those types into that check instead of throwing. Only paths that abort
today change, so no quantization that currently succeeds is affected.

Found on a 4-wide depthwise conv kernel. llama-quantize reported nothing but
"failed to quantize model from ...", with no tensor name and no exception text,
which made a quant recipe that had simply not pinned the tensor look like a
corrupt model. It now names the tensor and continues.

* quantize: let --tensor-type name per_layer_token_embd

per_layer_token_embd shares the TOKEN_EMBD category with token_embd.weight, so
--token-embedding-type is returned for it before any --tensor-type pattern is
consulted, and there is no way to give it a tier of its own.

That grouping is fine as a default and stays the default. It is a poor fit for
the size, though: on qwen4exp the table is 97.7 GiB of a 337.6 GiB BF16 file and
about 46% of a 4-bit one, roughly eighty times token_embd.weight, and it is
read by ggml_get_rows rather than a matmul so no imatrix ever covers it.

Allow an explicit --tensor-type pattern to name it, and only it. Nothing
changes unless such a pattern is passed, and token_embd.weight keeps the old
precedence in either case.

Measured on Qwen3.8-Flash-Next, Q4_K_M with an imatrix: the table lands at q8_0
(51.9 GiB, 113.5 GiB total) by following --token-embedding-type, and pinning it
q4_1 gives 30.5 GiB for 92.1 GiB total, 19% off the file.

* quantize: size the output buffer exactly instead of nelements * 4

The per-tensor output buffer was sized `nelements * 4`, described as an upper
bound. It is a very loose one: the output is at most 2 bytes per element
(f16/bf16) and usually well under 1.1 (q8_0 and below), so between 2x and 4x of
it is never touched. The exact size is already known here, since it is what the
quantization loop writes, what new_size sums to, and what the GGUF metadata is
asserted against a few lines later.

On a model whose largest tensor is a few GB none of this matters. On
Qwen3.8-Flash-Next it does: per_layer_token_embd is 51.2 G elements, so the
buffer was 205 GB where 54 GB is needed at q8_0 and 32 GB at q4_1.

Measured on that model, VmHWM of a live llama-quantize was 485 GB per process.
Three of them fit in 2 TB and five did not, which is what an OOM-killed quant
ladder looks like. This removes about 150 GB of that.

Byte-identical output, verified against the same binary built at the parent
commit: q4_K, q8_0, q5_K, q6_K and IQ4_XS, over BF16 and F32 sources, with and
without a PLE table present. Six cases, six matching md5s.

* qwen4exp: hash the image placeholder for multimodal batches

The PLE row indices are computed host-side from ubatch->token, and set_input
returned early when that was null. A multimodal ubatch is exactly that case:
the mtmd layer consumes the image placeholder ids and hands llama_decode
embeddings instead. The early return left the I32 index tensor uninitialised,
so ggml_get_rows indexed a 320 M row table with whatever the buffer happened to
contain, and aborted:

  GGML_ASSERT(i01 >= 0 && i01 < ne01) failed
    ggml_compute_forward_get_rows
    mtmd_helper_decode_image_chunk -> llama_decode

Every image request crashed. Nothing caught it because the vision work had only
ever been verified by converting an mmproj, never by running one.

The reference computes the hash over input_ids, where those positions still
hold the image placeholder, so carry that id through as qwen4exp.ple.image_token_id
and hash it. The key is optional: a file converted before it existed falls back
to the PLE EOS token, which is defined and treats the image as a segment
boundary rather than crashing.

Verified end to end with llama-mtmd-cli, a Q4_K_M base and the F16 mmproj, on a
generated image with known content. The model names the red circle, the blue
square, the inverted green triangle and reads "UNSLOTH 42", each with the right
position.

* qwen4exp: support a non-unified KV cache in QSA

set_input_qsa asserted n_stream == 1, so llama-server could not serve this
model with more than one slot unless -kvu was passed. With a non-unified
cache each sequence owns its own cells, and a cell index means a different
token in each stream, so a single shared mapping is wrong.

- cell_blk, blk_cells and bias gain a stream dimension. At n_stream == 1
  these collapse to the shapes they had, so the unified path is unchanged.
- Scoring is now batched over streams. ggml_mul_mat matches ne[2] on both
  operands, so stream s's queries only ever meet stream s's blocks; without
  this sequences would score against each other's context.
- set_input_qsa loops per stream and resolves cells through
  v_cells[seq_to_stream[seq_id]], following set_input_kq_mask_impl, instead
  of hardcoding v_cells[0].
- llama_kv_cache_context::get_n_stream() is added, mirroring the ns that
  get_k and get_v already derive from the slot info.

build_attn_mask_top_k needed no change: it already expects
[n_top_k, n_batch, 1, n_stream], so the top-k result is reshaped to meet it.

set_input_qsa has exactly one caller, so the blast radius is qwen4exp only.

Validation, UD-Q4_K_XL on one B200:

- unified cache unchanged within noise: 1802.9/68.85 -> 1807.2/69.11 t/s at
  batch 1, 2262.5/192.43 -> 2270.1/193.75 at batch 4.
- non-unified now runs at npl 1, 4, 16 where it previously aborted, and is
  22% faster than the -kvu workaround at batch 16 (1205 vs 984 t/s total),
  since per-stream cells avoid the cross-sequence masking a unified cache
  pays for.
- no cross-stream contamination: four concurrent sequences each carrying a
  distinct secret all recall their own and no other, on both cache modes.
- test-llama-archs green on qwen4exp, deepseek2, gemma3n, qwen3next, llama.

Note on testing: comparing concurrent output against solo output exactly is
not a valid check. It failed 0/4 with no bug present, and the unified-cache
control failed the same way, because batch composition changes the
floating-point reduction order and near-tied tokens flip. The contamination
test above is what the exit code gates on.

* llama: keep the qwen4exp top-k attention mask arch-local

The QSA graph needed a build_attn that attends only to the cells named by a
top_k tensor, and the first version got it by adding a llm_graph_input_attn_kv
overload to llm_graph_context and factoring the mask construction out of the
existing MLA sparse path into a shared build_attn_mask_top_k.

That put a new arch on the shared attention path and made the deepseek32 and
glm-dsa attention build depend on a helper introduced for qwen4exp. Build the
mask in src/models/qwen4exp.cpp instead and leave llama-graph.{h,cpp} exactly as
they were: the MLA path keeps its own copy of the same node sequence.

The nodes emitted are unchanged, so this is bit-identical.

* llama: hold the qwen4exp indexer cache in a new llama_memory_hybrid_idx

The indexer key cache was added by extending llama_memory_hybrid with an
optional third cache, and the host-side cell/block mapping that drives QSA was
added as set_input_qsa on llama_kv_cache. Both are shared classes that every
hybrid and every attention model goes through.

Move both into a new memory type, llama_memory_hybrid_idx, following
llama_kv_cache_msa: the indexer cache and the pos<->cell translation live with
the sparse-attention memory rather than in the classes that serve every other
architecture. llama-kv-cache.{h,cpp} and llama-memory-hybrid.{h,cpp} are
restored to their unmodified state.

init_batch is repeated from llama_memory_hybrid because the indexer cache has to
be handed the attention cache's slot infos, and those are not reachable through
the context the base returns. Allocating them separately lets the two caches
drift, which is what pointed QSA's top-k at the wrong cells before.

The context derives from llama_memory_hybrid_context so build_inp_mem_hybrid
keeps working unchanged, and get_n_stream is computed from the slot infos
exactly as llama_kv_cache_context did.

Behaviour is unchanged: logits over an 8192-token sequence are bit-identical to
the previous implementation, sparse and dense alike.

* llama: save and restore the qwen4exp indexer KV cache

llama_memory_hybrid_idx forwarded clear, seq_rm, seq_cp, seq_keep, seq_add and
seq_div to the indexer cache but not state_write / state_read, so a saved
session dropped the indexer keys and a restored one selected QSA top-k against
an empty cache. The effect is invisible until the context passes
indexer_top_k + compress_ratio - 1 cells, because QSA is exactly dense below
that and the indexer contents cannot change the result.

The indexer section is written last rather than next to the attention cache it
mirrors. As a suffix, a reader that does not expect it stops early and the
trailing bytes are caught by the size check in state_load_file; placed between
the attention and recurrent sections it would instead be parsed as recurrent
state, which can succeed and restore silent garbage. It follows the same
LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY gate as the attention cache, since a partial
checkpoint deliberately skips the token-level attention caches.

The indexer restores its own cells instead of taking the attention cache's
restored slots. The two caches share size, padding and every sequence
operation, and init_batch hands the indexer the attention cache's slot infos,
so both state_read_meta calls run find_slot over identical occupancy and land
on identical cells.

The overrides live on llama_memory_hybrid_idx, the only memory type that owns
an indexer cache, so llama_memory_hybrid and every architecture that uses it
write and read exactly the bytes they did before.

The session and sequence state versions are bumped because the qwen4exp state
layout changed. The session path already rejects a short read via its size
check, but llama_state_seq_load_file accepts one silently, so only the version
check stops a pre-fix blob from being half-restored by a fixed build.

(cherry picked from commit 2721542354f8e158c3217625f4e2e7b83e51e3fe)

* llama: make the qwen4exp PLE n-gram history per context and serialise it

The PLE hash of a token mixes in the ple_ngram_size - 1 tokens before it, which
a decode ubatch does not carry, so they were remembered in a map on
llama_model_qwen4exp. That is the wrong owner twice over.

A llama_model is shared by every context that loads it, and the map was keyed
only by llama_seq_id, so two contexts running the same sequence id - two server
instances on one model, or a draft/target pair - overwrote each other's window.
The next_pos guard turned that into EOS padding instead of a crash, so it
degraded quality silently.

The map was also in no state blob: grep found ple_hist in neither
llama-kv-cache.cpp nor llama-memory-*.cpp nor llama-context.cpp. A restored
context therefore failed the next_pos check on its first ubatch and hashed the
first tokens after the restore against EOS padding. This is why a session blob
round-tripped byte for byte while the restored context computed different
logits: the state was never in the bytes.

It moves to llama_memory_hybrid_idx, which is per context, is the memory type
qwen4exp always builds, and already does the per-sequence bookkeeping this
needs. Every sequence operation now carries the window with it:

  seq_rm   a rewind (p1 < 0) truncates the window to the surviving prefix and
           moves next_pos to p0, so a rollback keeps exact context; a hole
           punched in the middle leaves the window non-contiguous, so it is
           dropped
  seq_cp   the destination inherits the source's window, truncated to the
           copied position range - a copied sequence continues with the same
           n-grams the source would have used
  seq_keep every other sequence's window is dropped, like its cells
  seq_add  a shift that moves the whole window keeps it and moves next_pos with
           it, which is the context-shift case; one that cuts through it drops
           it
  seq_div  positions stop being consecutive, so an overlapping window is
           dropped
  clear    everything is dropped

Dropping means next_pos = -1, which set_input turns into full EOS padding: the
same thing a fresh sequence gets, and the same thing this code did before it
followed the sequence operations at all, so no case is worse than before.

The state payload is a self-delimiting list, u32 count then per entry
{ i32 seq_id, i32 next_pos, u32 n_toks, i32 toks[n_toks] }, so a whole-context
save and a single-sequence save share one format and a single-sequence restore
can retarget the window at its destination seq_id. It is written after the
indexer section, last, for the same reason that one is: as a pure suffix an
older reader stops early instead of parsing these bytes as something else.

Unlike the indexer section it is not under LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY.
The window is recurrent state - it is the input the PLE convolution's own
recurrent state is derived from - and the recurrent cache beside it is written
for partial checkpoints too. Gating it would leave the server's speculative
decoding checkpoints restoring the conv state without the window that produced
it.

No further version bump: LLAMA_SESSION_VERSION 10 and LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_VERSION 3
were introduced for the indexer section in the same unreleased series, and both
changes are qwen4exp-only additions to the same blob layout.

Also fixes the padding of a short window. set_input pads a window shorter than
ngram_size - 1 up to that length, but prev() indexes the snapshot with the most
recent token last, and resize() pads at the back, so the filler EOS landed where
the immediately preceding token belongs. It now pads at the front. A window is
short at a sequence start after a one-token prefill, and after a seq_rm rewind,
which the new bookkeeping makes common.

Every architecture other than qwen4exp builds llama_memory_hybrid rather than
llama_memory_hybrid_idx, has no PLE table and never asks for a history, so
nothing about its graph, its sequence operations or its state bytes changes.

(cherry picked from commit de170364c052c68fcf63285cc0028095edb9f23c)

* qwen4exp: tidy comments and simplify image token read

Rewrite the comments this series adds to the AGENTS.md rules: one or two lines,
no prose hard-wrapped mid-sentence, no narrative or history, and no comment that
only restates the code. Net 146 fewer comment lines, no code change.

Correct the PLE image comment: mtmd does not consume the placeholder ids. An
image is decoded as an embeddings-only batch, so ubatch->token is null and the
per-position ids never exist here. gemma3n and gemma4 hit the same case and
stand in row 0 of per_layer_token_embd; qwen4exp stands in the configured image
token id instead.

Read image_token_id straight from self.hparams in the converter. base.py merges
text_config into the root of hparams, and the key sits at the root of
config.json, so the config.json re-read was redundant.

(cherry picked from commit 205840c12169057da3e8d2f65ec4ceec3e18b980)

* qwen4exp: support a quantized KV cache in the QSA attention path

(cherry picked from commit 4c30574f81dc1115d08078c47b6cf8c789c0a842)

* llama: give qwen4exp a large-graph node budget

(cherry picked from commit 37c8c194e6a30e4c46ac29bee3fb264f091596ef)

* qwen4exp: drop an unused variable that breaks -Werror builds

(cherry picked from commit 528d032b51fa3cf935ed3ef6e0fb1c7401df53b5)

* quantize: dequantize and quantize large tensors in row bands

f32_conv_buf held the whole dequantized tensor, which is 204.8 GB for
per_layer_token_embd alone and dies with std::bad_alloc long before the
work buffer is reached. Dequantize and quantize in bands of whole rows
instead, capping the f32 staging at 1 GiB per band.

Rows are independent and the imatrix is indexed by column, so band
boundaries cannot change any output byte. Bands nest inside the existing
per-expert loop so each expert slice keeps its own imatrix, and a band is
kept to at least one quantization chunk per worker thread so the existing
multithreading still has work. F32 sources still stage nothing and are
banded by pointer arithmetic into the tensor.

llama_tensor_dequantize_impl now takes a first element offset; the single
caller is updated.

(cherry picked from commit 658c22549613555dbce57a772be4de8509eba3ee)

* llama: segment the qwen4exp fused QKV for tensor split

qwen4exp was missing from the gated delta net branch of get_split_segments,
so its attn_qkv.weight, shaped {n_embd, 2*key_dim + value_dim}, fell through
to the generic fused QKV rule and tripped
GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[axis] == n_embd + 2*n_embd_gqa) while loading with
--split-mode tensor. --split-mode layer was unaffected.

qwen4exp broadcasts K to the V heads by tiling, k_conv is grown with a plain
ggml_repeat_4d over the head axis so that v head j pairs with k head
j % n_k_heads. That is the Qwen 3.5 pattern, not the repeat interleave that
Qwen 3 Next builds explicitly, so qwen4exp takes the else branch and its V is
segmented on the scale of K.

Reported by benklop.

(cherry picked from commit 353d753f595dc81634ae6130188b31f06018f5ae)

* llama: fix the qwen4exp PLE history seq_rm(-1) iterator invalidation and the fatal-warning build

ple_hist_rm recursed over ple_hist with a range-based for and the recursive call
erases the entry it is iterating when the whole sequence is removed (p0 <= 0,
p1 < 0), so the loop then increments an invalidated iterator. It is unreachable
today only because llama_memory_recurrent::seq_rm rejects seq_id < 0 before
llama_memory_hybrid_idx::seq_rm reaches the history, which is a guard in another
class. Advance past the entry before recursing.

Two smaller things in the same area:

  - the n_toks sanity bound in ple_hist_state_read was the literal 64, which is
    the value of LLAMA_MAX_PLE_HEADS, not of the quantity being checked. The
    window is at most ple_ngram_size - 1 tokens, so the bound is
    LLAMA_MAX_PLE_NGRAM - 1, eight times tighter.

  - build_conv_state_at left mem_size unused, so -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON does
    not compile. Predates this series; drop the line.

(cherry picked from commit 6eba44a89d5f328eb4859b844e1d28fb564cbe3e)

* qwen4exp: include llama-impl.h explicitly for llama_mul_mat_hadamard

(cherry picked from commit b634fd4d250d181ef82bf78bd00c1ae3b96a7af6)

* convert: fix the qwen4exp lint and type-check failures

flake8 flagged an unused MmprojModel import, and ty flagged seven errors in
the PLE streaming path: eos_token_id can be absent, and _ple_map, _ple_path,
_ple_row_dim and _ple_rows_per_shard are all Optional at the declaration but
were dereferenced without narrowing.

The map is opened and the stride fixed before the first shard is written, and
_finish_ple_table only runs once every shard has landed, so the invariants
hold. Assert them so the checker can see it. A missing eos_token_id now raises
with the reason instead of a TypeError from int(None).

* llama: give the qwen4exp indexer cache its own tensor names

The indexer KV cache and the attention KV cache both named their tensors
cache_k_l%d, so the Meta backend matched the indexer cache against the
attention split pattern and aborted in handle_set_rows. Tag the names
instead, and mirror the indexer cache: it has one key head and its
projections are mirrored.

(cherry picked from commit a1cdc8181134659766763a17762545a1f0e5db7b)

* qwen4exp: double the Q split granularity for tensor parallelism

qwen4exp fuses the attention gate into attn_q.weight the same way qwen3next
and qwen 3.5 do, so a device boundary must fall on a whole q+gate pair or the
Q heads stop lining up with the K/V heads and attn_output rows.

(cherry picked from commit 6c9a592f0a425a459ab6efae3b897cf68460e244)

* qwen4exp: keep the indexer cache in step across server slots

The QSA indexer keeps a side cache addressed by the cells of the attention
cache, so cell j has to hold the same token in both: the top-k indices it
produces are applied to the attention KQ mask. init_batch already hands the
indexer the attention cache's slot layout rather than letting it look for its
own, but the restore path did not. state_read called llama_kv_cache::state_read
on the two caches in turn and each ran its own find_slot over its own occupancy.
That agrees only for as long as nothing has already pushed the two caches apart,
which is the property a restore is supposed to re-establish rather than one it
can lean on.

The failure path was the worse half, and it is reachable from the public API
with nothing more than a short buffer. Truncating a good blob at 35 offsets and
feeding it to llama_state_seq_set_data left the two caches disagreeing at 5 of
them, and every one of 23 truncations of a whole-context blob did. Four of those
five land inside the attention section, so the attention cache drops the
sequence and the indexer keeps it; only the cut that lands in the indexer
section gives the opposite direction. llama_kv_cache::state_read cleans up its
own cache and rethrows, so whichever way it falls, nothing is left to bring the
two back together. The server papers over this by clearing the slot when a
prompt cache load fails; a caller of llama_state_seq_set_data that does not is
left with an indexer addressing cells that no longer mean what it thinks.

llama_kv_cache::state_read_sinfo reports the cells a restore landed in, or takes
a copy of them, and state_read_meta uses a supplied layout in place of find_slot
once it has checked that those cells are free here too. The indexer now adopts
the attention cache's restored layout by construction instead of reproducing it
by coincidence, and a layout that does not fit fails the read rather than being
applied over cells that already drifted. The hybrid restore is wrapped so that
any failure drops the sequence, or for a whole-context restore the context, from
all three caches at once, which is a state they do agree on.

* kv-cache: clear the cache once when restoring a whole context

state_read walks the streams of the cache in turn, and for a whole-context restore
each stream went through state_read_meta, which starts by calling clear(). clear()
resets every stream at once, so each stream after the first threw away the streams
already restored, and the K/V buffers with them. A non-unified cache holds one
stream per sequence, so a context saved with N sequences in it came back with only
the sequence in the last stream that carried any cells - the highest sequence id.
A unified cache has one stream and never showed it.

The cache is now emptied once, before the loop, which is what a whole-context
restore means. A blob whose streams are all empty now empties the cache as well,
where before it left the old contents in place.

* kv-cache: check the mirrored slot layout on a whole-context restore too

state_read_meta only looked at the layout it was given on the single-sequence path.
A whole-context restore lays the cells out from 0 in both caches, so they agree as
long as they restore the same number of cells, but nothing checked that they did: an
indexer section belonging to some other context was read over cells the attention
cache had filled from a different one, which is the state the indexer must never be
left in.

* qwen4exp: give the PLE conv history its own mirrored recurrent row

n_embd_r() reserved n_conv + ple_conv_state() so that one cache_r_l row could
carry both the delta-net conv state and the PLE dilated conv history, but the
QWEN4EXP arm of get_split_segments only described n_conv. Under -sm tensor the
segment sum came up short by ple_conv_state() and llama_memory_recurrent
construction aborted in ggml_backend_meta_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft.

Widening the segment list is not the fix. The Meta backend propagates a view's
split descriptor from its parent unchanged, so a view of one sub-range of a
split axis is sized as the whole row on every device; declaring the PLE tail as
a second segment merely moves the abort to "shape mismatch for VIEW" at graph
allocation. The two histories also want opposite policies: the delta-net state
is split by head to match wqkv and ssm_conv1d, while per_layer_tok_embd,
ple_conv1d and ple_norm_conv are all mirrored, so every device computes the
whole dilated conv and needs the whole history. One tensor cannot be both, and
the split state has no per-segment mirroring.

Move the PLE history into its own cache_ple_r_l%d row, mark it MIRRORED, and
return n_embd_r() to n_conv. The row is allocated only on layers where is_ple
holds, so mirroring one 92160-element row per device replaces a 92160-element
tail on all 36 recurrent rows: the recurrent R footprint drops rather than
grows. build_conv_state_at now takes its width from the tensor it was handed
and keys its gather on that tensor, which also drops a cont of a strided view.

* no more ple_hist (use master version)

* llama: give the qwen4exp full memory context its indexer cache

graph_reserve() walks a full memory context, and qwen4exp builds its
sparse attention only when the context exposes an indexer cache. the
full-context constructor left ctx_idx null, so the reserved worst case
was the dense fallback: a smaller graph than the one decode executes.
ggml-alloc then had to grow the compute buffer on the first decode,
past the size reported at load.

with -np 4 -c 32768 -fa on -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0 on an IQ1_S qwen4exp,
the reserved CUDA0 buffer was 217.00 MiB against 275.71 MiB actually
used, and CUDA_Host 42.31 MiB against 191.14 MiB. reserving the sparse
graph makes both match exactly, in unified and non-unified cache mode.

Co-authored-by: Pascal <[email protected]>
Assisted-by: Claude

* qwen4exp: shrink the PLE hparams storage

llama_hparams is held by value inside llm_graph_params and every llm_graph_input_*,
and llm_graph_params is a stack local in graph_reserve and process_ubatch, so its
width is paid on every worker thread stack.

is_ple_impl spent 2048 bytes carrying 512 bits. It is the one per-layer flag that is
not moved through the loader's uint32 array templates, so a bitset costs nothing in
call sites and also removes the uninitialized read that non-qwen4exp archs had, since
nothing filled the array for them.

The PLE head offsets and vocab sizes are token-space indices; the gather that consumes
them already truncates to int32, so 64-bit storage was never reachable. The gguf arrays
stay uint64 for file compatibility and are narrowed on load.

sizeof(llama_hparams) 34440 -> 31944, sizeof(llm_graph_params) 34872 -> 32376.

* llama: opt-in random-access mmap advice for host-resident gather tables

qwen4exp keeps per_layer_token_embd on the host: 26.8 GiB at IQ4_NL, read
by ggml_get_rows as 16 gathers of ~90-170 bytes per token, spread across
16 head regions ~20M rows apart. Measured over 4.75M gathers, no two
consecutive gathers land on the same 4 KiB page, so the readahead the
loader asks for buys nothing here and the whole table ends up cached to
serve about 4% of itself.

llama_mmap applies POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL, MAP_POPULATE and a whole-file
POSIX_MADV_WILLNEED unconditionally. Those are right for streaming the
file once into buffers and wrong for whatever stays mapped afterwards.

Under LLAMA_MMAP_RANDOM the eager pull-in is skipped and the mapping is
advised random once every tensor has been read, so the load itself keeps
its sequential readahead. That alone drops the table to 4.4% resident but
serializes one NVMe latency per gather.

The second half is what pays for it: the PLE input already computes every
row index for the ubatch before the graph runs, so the pages those rows
fall on are handed to the kernel in one batch and the reads overlap.
POSIX_MADV_WILLNEED on POSIX, PrefetchVirtualMemory on Windows, which
takes the discontiguous ranges in a single call.

Off by default and off for every other model: the batched prefetch keys
off "this mapping was advised random", which nothing sets unless the user
opts in.

  -c 512 --chunks 60, cold, IQ1_S, mean of 3:

    default            35.3 s   26.82 GiB resident (100%)
    advice only       104.5 s    1.19 GiB resident (4.4%)
    advice + prefetch  34.2 s    1.19 GiB resident (4.4%)

  PPL 4.2346 +/- 0.07862 in all three. IQ1_S KLD is unchanged in every
  field, including Mean KLD 0.396070 +/- 0.001931 and Same top p 77.325%.

* llama: narrow the random-access mmap advice to the gather table

The advice was applied per mapping: every mapping the model kept got
POSIX_MADV_RANDOM plus a whole-file POSIX_FADV_RANDOM, and the eager
pull-in was skipped for every file. On qwen4exp that also hit
token_embd.weight, which sits 0.33 GiB past the PLE table in the same
shard and is read densely, not by sparse gathers. Measured over
-c 512 --chunks 60 on IQ1_S it fell to 8.45% resident, against 100% with
the feature off.

A model now nominates its gather tables (qwen4exp: per_layer_tok_embd)
and only those byte ranges are advised. The range is rounded out to
whole pages, which on this model takes in 832 bytes before and 192
after. token_embd goes back to 86.55% resident and the PLE table still
drops to 4.44%; smaps shows one VM_RAND_READ VMA of exactly the table
instead of one over all 27.16 GiB that stays mapped.

posix_fadvise is dropped from the narrowed path. POSIX_FADV_RANDOM
ignores its offset and length and marks the whole open file, and the
FMODE_RANDOM it sets is only read by page_cache_sync_ra() on the read()
path, which a fault on a MADV_RANDOM vma never reaches. POSIX_FADV_
DONTNEED does take a range, so the drop mode keeps it.

The eager pull-in is now skipped only for the files holding a nominated
table, and re-issued as WILLNEED over the rest of such a file, so other
shards load exactly as before.

prefetch_rows() keys off the tensor being nominated rather than off a
mapping-level flag, so the batched readahead lands only where the advice
did.

  -c 512 --chunks 60, cold, IQ1_S, mean of 3, total wall:

    default              32.50 s
    whole mapping        30.05 s
    narrowed             30.35 s

  PPL 4.2061 in all three. IQ1_S KLD is bit-identical with the feature on
  and off, including Mean KLD 0.396070 +/- 0.001931 and Same top p
  77.325%. tg128 73.65 +/- 0.33 narrowed against 73.49 +/- 0.34 whole.

Assisted-by: Claude

* llama: fold the random-access prefetch into its own feature flag

LLAMA_MMAP_RANDOM_PREFETCH existed to measure the two halves of the feature
apart, and the measurement is done: on a cold cache over the same wikitext
run, MADV_RANDOM without the batched readahead takes 94.4 s against 36.7 s
for an untouched mapping, while the pair together take 34.1 s. Suppressing
the kernel's readahead only pays if we replace it, so the split let a user
select a 2.6x regression through a documented switch.

Keep the accessor, since the call site reads better than a mode comparison,
but derive it from the mode alone.

* FACP (Fewer Acronym Classes Please)

* qwen4exp: bias the QSA selection per block, not per cell

The QSA bias is a graph input, so it is pinned on the host and uploaded every
decode, and at -c 32768 -np 4 its twelve copies were 768 of the 815 MiB of
reserved host compute buffer.

Only one half of it needs a cell: whether the cell sits in the always-visible
tail, and whether its block was pooled. Both are properties of the block. The
other half - empty, other sequence, or in the future - is the plain visible/not
test the attention mask already carries over the same cells, so add that mask
instead of repeating it. The bias then holds one value per block.

A block sits wholly inside or wholly outside the tail because the tail starts on
a block boundary, so one value per block is exact. Cells no block covers keep
their -inf from the mask.

The mask is F16 and the bias F32, and a mixed ggml_add reinterprets the F16
buffer as float rather than converting it, so the cast is required.

reserved host compute buffer at -c 32768 -np 4:
  --kv-unified      814.86 -> 238.86 MiB, CUDA0 721.07 -> 421.07 MiB
  --no-kv-unified   214.86 ->  70.86 MiB, CUDA0 317.07 -> 265.07 MiB

Selection is unchanged: over 8192 tokens, four times the budget, every QSA
layer returns identical top-k indices and the logprobs are bitwise equal.

Two things a reviewer should know. A cell whose position divides past the last
block is guarded by an assert rather than handled, because no run reached it.
And the mask's same-position M-RoPE rule cannot fire for text and was never
exercised for images, so the 2D case is unverified.

* clean up code comments

* clean up new comments

* revert LLAMA_MMAP_RANDOM

* nits

* replace some changes with #27795

* improve the m-rope image for get_prev_tokens

* LazyChunkedTensor

* fix lint

* add some validations

* reduce input nodes

* trim output tokens

* nits

* some more sanity checks

* fix llm_graph_input_ple reuse

* exclude from webgpu test

---------

Co-authored-by: danielhanchen <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: danielhanchen <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Xuan Son Nguyen <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Pascal <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <[email protected]>
2026-08-27 21:32:31 +02:00
b10f9ca58c spec : add DFlash2 support (local convolution + candidate selector) (#27342) (#27816)
* spec : add DFlash2 support (local convolution + candidate selector) (#27342)

* support DFlash2

* Add p_min in DFlash2

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5

* Revert unnecessary changes

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5

* Revert draft sampling in rejection sampling

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5

* Refactor code structure

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5

* Delete embedding scaling

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5

* Gate output transforms on DFlash2

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5

* Optimize Dflash 2 cost

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5

* Avoid using atoi

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5

* Modify comments

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5

* Move llama_model_dflash_selector_top_k to llama-ext.h

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5

* Formatting

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5

* Apply patch to fix the mrope bug

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5

* fix ci

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5

* Fix graph number calculation

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5

* rename hid and unary

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5

---------

Co-authored-by: Jian Chen <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Xuan-Son Nguyen <[email protected]>

* revert top-k.cu changes

---------

Co-authored-by: Zihan Zhang <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Jian Chen <[email protected]>
2026-08-27 19:17:07 +02:00
Gaurav Garg 2bb9bddafa spec: Add benchmark-only synthetic speculative acceptance options (#27711)
* Add benchmark-only synthetic speculative acceptance to llama-server and llama-cli

* Address review comments

* Address review comments

* Add some comments in the code
2026-08-27 13:53:42 +03:00
Max Krasnyansky 192067b72d hexagon: support for multi-NPU devices (IQ9, IQ10) and fully asynchronous backend (#26501)
* hexagon: use non-host bufs by default and make the backend fully async

* hex-hb: remove optional hostbuf support and fix async copy

* hex-unary: relax supported unary check

* hex-bufs: use same get_alignment for host bufs

* snapdragon: bump android_platform to 34

* hex-rows: super hacky get/set rows for q8_0

* hex-get-rows: fix q8_0

* hex-get-rows: supprot for f16 and cleanup for q8_0

* hex-get-rows: generic macros and specialized thread funcs

* hex-get-rows: add DMA pipeline, vtcm_layout and kernel params

* hex-set-rows: fix q8_0 support, add dma and tracing

* hex-tests: override nmse threshold for HTP of Q8_0 quants

* hex-fa: add support for Q8_0 with inplace dequantizers

* hex-get-rows: simplify type dispatch

* hex-rows: simplify GET/SET_ROWS DMA pipeline

* hex-async: add events, set/get-tensor-async and rest of the async api support

* hex-repack: use slice instead of expert in repack functions

* hex-cpy: update event/async-cpy logging

* hex-set-rows: optimize smaller tensors

* hex-geglu: fix perf regression with larger tensors

* hex-get-rows: add missing header

* hex-set-rows: add missing header

* hex-bufs: ressurect GGML_HEXAGON_HOSTBUF but disable it by default

* hexagon: do not reject ops with non-heaxon buffers

* hex-get-rows: apply >=32 restriction only for q8_0

* hex-res: bump vtcm acquire timeout to 10 seconds

* hex-bufs: add support for cloning buffers between sessions to speed up tensor copies

* hex-async: rework event recording and batch flushing and integrate with meta backend

* hex-bufs: improved handling of repacked tensors

* hex-repack: handle get_tensor_2d offsets

* hex-dev: add support for devices with multiple NPUs

* hex-sync: add support for sync tokens to synchronize npu devices for async splits

* hex-mmap: cleanup mmap calls and add a retry for robustness

* hex-sync: add failsafe if sync wait gets stuck

* hex-sync: use sync_seq to check for completed events

* hex-sync: rotate tokens for extra robustness

* hex-devs: add supprot for legacy device names for now

* hex-bufs: add support for auto-cloning buffers from diff sessions

* hex-fusion: simplify and optimize htp-opnode fusion handling

* hex-sync: override opnode name so that it shows up in the profiles

* hex-trace: update scripts to handle multiple devices

* hex-sync: bump the size of the opbatch queue and number of sync tokens

* hex-cpy-sync: do not explicitly flush opbatches in cpy_tensor_async and add support for cpy-dma

* hex-sync: add graph-flush threshold to avoid single op batches

* hex-sync: add sync_peer so that we can flush peers we depend on during cross-device ops

* hex-bufs: introduce tensor->extra and shadow_bufs for repacking

* hex-l2: flush tiny tensors inline

* hex-sync: use explicit l2flush for sync tokens

* hex-extra: track weight flags via tensor extra

* hex-fence: rename sync to fence

* hex-repack: proper handling of set-tensor-2d in the shadow_buf

* hex-trace: remove obsolete opstage mask that we used for profiling

* hex-env: remove obsolete use_hmx variable

* hexagon: new unified run.py and build.py and updated docs

* snapdragon: update run script to auto-escapt test-backend-op -p argument

* hex-scripts: fix trailing spaces

* hex-scripts: fix flake8 warnings

* snapdragon: cleanup dst lib/bin dirs before copying new build

* hex-ops: add support for allreduce

* hex-ar: improved allreduce with dma pipeline

* hex-ar: align macros

* hex-ar: consistent use of fence_seq

* hex-ar: add AR_SELECT env var to select ALLREDUCE kernel or fallback

* hex-ar: add proper synchronize handling for ALLREDUCE

* hex-opbatch: looks like we now just rely on backend.synchronise to flush the batches, no need to flush them by threshold

* hex-ar: bump block size to improve dma efficiency

* hex-ar: fused ALLREDUCE+ADD

* hex-ar: cleaner fence buffer management

* hex-ar: futher allreduce tweaking to remove race conditions

* hex-ar: add simple solver and remove non-dma kernels

* hex-ar: add row-broadcast to fuse with bias ADD

* hex-fence: pass seq numbers via op_params

* hex-ar: allow for both entry/exit seq for completing entry wait

* hex-ar: align macros

* hex-ar: do not refetch broadcast row

* hex-fusion: move all fusion into opbatch::add_op for consistency with ALLREDUCE and things

* hex-fusion: fix incorrect MUL_MAT reordering

* hex-mm: make fused 2x and 3x matmuls more generic

* hex-fusion: move tensor fusion tagging to graph_compute

* hexagon: make sure to copy tensor->extra by value

* hex-get-rows: fix offset calc with row-chunking

* hex-repack: get_tensor_2d fixes for non-zero offsets

* snapdragon: make profile/trace scripts more robust and donot mix stdout/stderr by default

* hex-devices: use legacy device nameing by default to ease the transition

* hex-devices: hardcode CDSP domain IDs for current devices for now

* hex-optrace: improve multi-NPU timestamp alignment and overall handling of cycle values

* hex-optrace: more robust handling of the fence events
2026-08-26 18:46:50 -07:00
11cd988428 ggml-metal: add chunked SSD MMA for Mamba-2 prefill optimization (#26647)
* metal: WIP chunked SSD SSM_SCAN kernels for multi-token prefill

* metal: drop scalar SSD path; MMA + sequential tail

* drop WIP ssm scan test noise

* remove state_from_dst and rename CS and NSG constants

* remove unrelated  added whitespace padding

* added clarity to mma_tokens calculation

* added clarity to use_mma bool checks

* added comments to metal ssd op constants for clarity

* reserve K tokens for sequential kernel rollback snapshots

* reset concurrency between mma and seq tail

* remove print args no longer used

* fixed comment to no longer point to specific line

* add FC_SSM_SCAN so seq path skips token offlset unless it's mma tail

* added changes to new ssm.metal for rebase after ggml-metal.metal refactor

* specialize ssm_scan tail with a template instead of a function constant

---------

Co-authored-by: dpantaleoni <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: forforever73 <[email protected]>
2026-08-26 11:57:07 +03:00
YiChen LvandGeorgi Gerganov f280b26983 metal : per-device tuned (Q, NE) for flash-attn vec (#26570)
* metal : per-device tuned (Q, NE) for flash-attn vec (#25750)

* rebase Q-generic FA vec body from 01dc93607 (#23114)

* add 53 f16 (Q,NE) flash-attn vec instantiations (vec 80 -> 133)

* add FA vec (Q,NE) tuning table + dispatch wiring + SMEM cap fallback

* add  FA vec (Q,NE) perf sweep

* fill tuning result

* fold family table into a per-family representative SKU

* refactor tuning result format

* extend FA vec tuning to quantized KV caches

* sync fa vec tuner bucketing with runtime, use pointwise tuning regret

* update tuned table

* format and cleanup

* prefix fa_vec tuning procs with ggml_backend_metal_tuning_, drop unused fa_vec_override_active

* add device id -> token lookup for the offline tuning tool

* add ggml-metal-tuning skeleton

* add op-agnostic perf cell + median timing for the tuner

* add FA-vec graph build + tensor init to the tuner

* tools : add FA-vec (Q,NE) sweep, compression and table emit

* cool down and re-measure the dirty window on thermal drift

* test-backend-ops : replace the FA vec tune mode with a bounded (Q,NE) slice

* tools : document the Metal tuner, point the table comment at it

* abort on unknown KV type, single-source fa_vec_legal_ne

* cleanup

* honor -o in the FA vec (Q,NE) slice

* retune FA-vec (Q, NE) under a pointwise no-harm gate

* cont : add fa-vec tunings for M1 Pro, M2 Ultra, M5 Max

---------

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <[email protected]>
2026-08-24 19:22:27 +03:00
fairydreamingandStanisław Szymczyk 7584430716 tests : disable DOTS3NOTE arch test for WebGPU (#27654)
Co-authored-by: Stanisław Szymczyk <[email protected]>
2026-08-24 13:39:31 +03:00
Aman Gupta bf0a29cc16 Deepseek 4: -sm tensor (#26490)
* DSV4: sm tensor

* set coarser granularity for head splits

* fix dspark

* add model saving for dsv4 + allow dflash to return on specific device

* add comment about dsv4 seq_rm

* simplify

* add shared expert delayed allreduce

* remove special test for dsv4
2026-08-24 09:20:25 +03:00
Xuan-Son Nguyen 4a08fa2970 test: move tools/parser to tests (#27548) 2026-08-23 18:38:51 +02:00
Aman GuptaandGeorgi Gerganov b0539c43ed DeepseekV4: fix rollback with multi-seq (#26756)
* DeepseekV4: fix rollback with multi-seq

* fix model loading

* make pending rollback single use

* only clear cache for seq_id for full load

* add assert for compress ratio

* make graph topology static

* pass true instead of flags in clear_compressed

* cont : clean-up + TODOs

---------

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <[email protected]>
2026-08-23 13:57:49 +03:00
Gaurav Garg d3371929bb [Tensor parallel] Fix meta tensor split state propagation (#27574)
* ggml : fix meta tensor split state propagation

* Add test-llama-archs to CI
2026-08-23 18:49:12 +08:00
Xuan-Son Nguyen d9f918d2d0 common: add json.h abstraction (#27511)
* add common/json

* migrate common

* adapt jinja

* migrate server

* big wip

* migrate tests

* wip

* revert some excessive changes

* wip

* wip 2

* revert redundant changes

* fix server crash

* various fixes

* fix ci

* harden a bit

* clean up

* rm json-shim

* add some comments

* rm redundant decl
2026-08-22 16:28:28 +02:00
Xuan-Son Nguyen 5a32f7b66e model: add dots3-note (#27060)
* text: conversion

* init impl

* address review comments

* fix rope

* move to a new llama_kv_cache_dsa_iswa
2026-08-21 19:52:34 +02:00
Georgi Gerganov 5fff128451 test : make the FA V-is-view-of-K case a test case parameter (#27394)
Resolve the TODO in test_flash_attn_ext: the branch that creates V as a
sub-view of K (MLA-based models) was hardcoded for the 576/512 head shapes.
Add a v_is_view_of_k test case parameter (default false) and select the
sub-view branch on it; the existing 576/512 (DeepSeek MLA) cases now pass it
explicitly, so the test coverage is unchanged.

Also add more V-is-sub-view-of-K cases: the 320/256 (Mistral4 MLA) and
192/128 head shapes, and full views with equal head sizes (128/128 F16,
64/64 q8_0).

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B
2026-08-21 10:29:17 +03:00
Georgi Gerganov a30273376e metal : clamp K extent in tensor API mat-mat kernel for K not a multiple of 32 (#27450)
The Tensor API mat-mat path of kernel_mul_mm (GGML_METAL_HAS_TENSOR) fed a
static K=32 tile to the matmul2d op on every iteration. On the last, partial
K tile (ne00 % 32 != 0) the src1 slice extends past the K extent of the
tensor, and the op reads those out-of-bounds elements (undefined behavior per
the MSL specification, section 2.22.2). Depending on stale memory contents,
this corrupted the result or produced NaN.

Make the matmul2d op use dynamic_extent for K, and clamp the K extent of both
operand tensor views to the remaining valid K range (min(32, K - loop_k)) per
iteration, so the op reads exactly the valid K range on every iteration
(mirroring the tail handling of the MPP matmul2d examples). On K-aligned
inputs the clamp degenerates to the full 32-wide tile: the only difference
from the static-K op is that the dynamic-K op derives K from the operand
extents and edge-checks the tile against the tensor extents (a handful of
integer ops per iteration).

Add test-backend-ops MUL_MAT cases with K not a multiple of 32 to exercise
the unaligned K path.

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B
2026-08-20 21:31:29 +03:00
Aldehir Rojas dc64a1620e common : gracefully fallback on unsupported regex patterns in JSON schema (#26939) 2026-08-20 06:59:03 -05:00
Georgi Gerganov 70aff25250 metal : dequantize quantized KV to F16 before flash attention (#27390)
* metal: dequantize q8_0 KV to f16 before flash attention

Add a preprocessing pass for GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT on the Metal backend:
when the KV cache is quantized (Q8_0 for now), dequantize K and V into a
contiguous F16 scratch buffer and run the existing F16 flash attention
kernels on it, instead of the in-kernel dequantization path.

- new kernel kernel_flash_attn_ext_dequant_to_f16<block_t, QK, deq_t4x4>:
  one thread per quant block (K then V), stride-aware so permuted KV is
  supported; instantiated for Q8_0 (extending to Q4_0/Q4_1/Q5_0/Q5_1 is
  one instantiation + one gate case)
- the gate is type-only: dequantize whenever the KV is quantized,
  regardless of head sizes, GQA ratio or n_kv; the attention kernels
  themselves are untouched
- the F16 copies live in the op's own scratch allocation
  (ggml_metal_op_flash_attn_ext_extra_dequant_f16); the KV pad kernel
  reads the dequantized buffers when the path is active
- the FA pipeline getters gain a use_f16_kv flag selecting the existing
  f16 kernels and contiguous strides
- ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/25556

Verification (M2 Ultra):
- test-backend-ops test -o FLASH_ATTN_EXT: 4798/4798 pass, including the
  new q8_0 eval cases (decode/prompt, permuted, sinks+ALiBi+softcap,
  kv=113 pad path, kv=16384)
- llama-perplexity on Qwen2.5-0.5B with -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0 matches the
  f16 KV reference (PPL 1.0008 vs 1.0008)

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B

* metal : launch the FA KV dequant kernel separately for K and V

Simplify kernel_flash_attn_ext_dequant_to_f16: it now dequantizes a single
tensor (its own ne/nb and dst) with no is_v branching, and the op dispatches
it twice with the same pipeline - once for K and once for V. The kargs
struct shrinks to a single ne/nb set plus nblocks.

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B

* metal : dequantize q4_0, q4_1, q5_0 and q5_1 KV to f16 before flash attention

The dequant pass now covers all quantized KV types supported by the Metal
flash attention kernels. The dequant kernel, kargs, scratch allocation and
dispatch are type-generic, so each type is one kernel instantiation plus one
gate case.

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B

* metal : skip the redundant V dequant when V is a view of K

In MLA-based models, the V of the FA op is a view of K (the first ne20
elements of each K row); the dequantized V is then a view of the dequantized
K, so skip the second dequant dispatch, do not reserve the V scratch region,
and let the pad and attention kernels read V from the K F16 buffer with K's
strides. The detection follows the CUDA backend:
V->view_src && (V->view_src == K || (V->view_src == K->view_src && V->view_offs == K->view_offs))

Also fix the FA pipeline getters: ns10/ns20 are function constants baked into
the kernels and must be the actual K/V row widths as seen by the kernel. The
dispatch now passes them explicitly (nb11_attn/nb10_attn, nb21_attn/nb20_attn)
instead of the getters assuming contiguous F16 KV (ns20 = dv), which was wrong
when V is read from K with K's row pitch (e.g. 576 vs 512).

New test cases: 576/512 q8_0 (MLA shape, V is a view of K) at kv=113 (KV pad),
nb=1 (vec) and nb=64 (non-vec).

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B

* test : remove backend-specific wording from test-backend-ops comments

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B

* pi : avoid backend mentions in test-backend-ops comments

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B

* metal : rename the FA dequant_f16 identifiers to kv_f16

Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/Qwen3.8-27B

* cont : clean-up

* cont : remove TODO
2026-08-20 13:43:59 +03:00
Nathanw1014 dc72703fc6 vulkan : dequant q8_0 KV once in coopmat1 (#25494)
* vulkan : dequant q8_0 KV once in coopmat1

Assisted-by: Claude (Opus 4.8)

* vulkan : fall back instead of aborting when FA scratch exceeds maxStorageBufferRange

* vulkan : require KV-cache layout in FA dequant path

Assisted-by: Claude (Opus 4.8)

* vulkan : skip FA dequant path on coopmat2

Assisted-by: Claude (Opus 4.8)

* tests : add contiguously-allocated quant K/V FA tests

Assisted-by: Claude (Opus 4.8)

* vulkan : trim comments

* vulkan : tighten permutation checks for FA path

* vulkan : set prealloc_x_need_sync after the FA dispatch

* vulkan : exclude Intel Xe1 from FA dequant path
2026-08-19 17:44:15 +02:00
Gabe GoodhartandSigbjørn Skjæret 7221e24f57 model : GraniteSWAForCausalLM / GraniteMoeSWAForCausalLM (#25505)
* feat(convert): Add conversion for GraniteSWAForCausalLM

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: full (Bob, OpenCode + Qwen3.6-35b)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* feat(llama): Add granite_swa support

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: full (Bob, OpenCode + Qwen3.6-35b)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* feat(conversion): Add conversion infra for rope_pattern array

NOTE: There is other work also targeting this, so this may be
removed depending on merge order.

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: full (Bob)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* fix(conversion): Fix SWA pattern logic and support for non-rope layers

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: full (Bob)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* feat(conversion): Add support for GraniteMoeSWA

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: full (Bob)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* feat: Add llama_hparams::has_rope and arch constants

NOTE: This shadows the work done for Granite Speech
https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/25107

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: full (Bob)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* feat: Add support for per-layer rope determination

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: full (Bob)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* style: Fix failing flake8 for extra newlines

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* test: Write out SLIDING_WINDOW_PATTERN in llama-model-saver

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: full (OpenCode + Qwen3.6-35b)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* fix(convert): Fix missing registration for GraniteMoeSWAForCausalLM

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* fix: Load MoE params as optional

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: draft (OpenCode + Qwen3.6-35b)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* feat: Handle MoE params in conversion

branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: full (OpenCode + Qwen3.6-35b)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* style: Remove unnecessary newline

AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* fix: Remove unnecessary tensor additions to GRANITE architecture

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* fix: Correctly handle naming for ffn gate inp

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* fix: Always default hparams.rope_pattern to 1s

This isn't strictly necessary, but it will allow other models to rely on
hparams.has_rope(il) without needting to prepopulate.

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* feat: Move to has_rope for all granite model architectures

Now that we have a proper hparam for this, it's better to use it and not
require a hacky fallback in the hparam method itself.

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* feat: No hacky rope_finetuned fallback in has_rope

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* fix: Fully remove rope hparam filling in granitemoe

There are no granitemoe models that use NoPE (it's not actually used in the
layer building below), so this was just dead code.

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* fix: Save out rope_pattern in model-saver

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* fix: Set hparams.rope_finetuned for round trip

Since the value is _read_ from rope_finetuned, we need to persist it when
the model is saved with the saver.

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* fix: Code review cleanup

Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <[email protected]>

* refactor: Keep gate/up fused for MoE path

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: full (Claude + Sonnet 5)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* fix: Skip GRANITE_SWA in model saver

https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/25505#discussion_r3773175651

Keeping is_swa_impl in the saver can break other models.

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* add sliding window pattern for model in test

* style: Fix indentation

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* fix: Fix \r\n

Thanks Claude!

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: none
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* feat: Keep shared expert fused

Branch: GraniteSWAForCausalLM
AI-usage: full (Claude + Sonnet 5)
Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

* style: More indentation fixes

Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <[email protected]>

---------

Signed-off-by: Gabe Goodhart <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <[email protected]>
2026-08-19 16:53:31 +02:00
Xuan-Son Nguyen fe8156f789 ggml: add ggml_rope_set_offset (+ metal support) (#27120)
* add params

* cpu kernel

* metal kernel

* add test backend ops

* gate other backends

* ggml: (cuda) support ggml_rope_set_offset (#27121)

* rm cuda supports_op guard, fix webgpu clang-format

* ggml: support ggml_rope_set_offset on vulkan (#27344)

* ggml: support ggml_rope_set_offset on vulkan

* remove inplace optimization
2026-08-19 14:04:57 +02:00
Xuan-Son Nguyen 95c409c136 mtmd: add mtmd_bitmap_set_mergeable (#27348) 2026-08-19 13:48:22 +02:00
Kevin HopperandKevin Hopper 98d1e92c21 vulkan: tiled transpose for 0<->2 permuted CONT (#26585)
* vulkan: tiled transpose for 0<->2 permuted CONT

-ggml_vk_get_cpy_pipeline only routed to the tiled shared-memory transpose
shader when dim1 was the innermost dimension, i.e. ggml_transpose (a 0<->1
swap). A 0<->2 swap -- ggml_cont(ggml_permute(x, 2, 1, 0, 3)) -- fell back to
the generic per-element strided copy, whose source reads stride by ne0*ne1
elements: one cache line per lane.

-DeepSeek-V4's lightning indexer performs exactly that permute on a
[n_kv, n_tokens, n_head] tensor. On Vulkan/RADV gfx1151 it ran at ~1-9 GB/s of
a ~200 GB/s part and accounted for 43% of total prefill time.

-Add copy_transpose_02.comp, mirroring copy_transpose.comp but tiling over dst
dims (0, 2) with dims 1 and 3 as the batch, so reads walk src dim2 and writes
walk dst dim0 -- both contiguous. The selection condition additionally requires
a non-contiguous source and a contiguous destination so it cannot take cases
the contiguous-copy shader already handles.

-test-backend-ops only exercised ggml_transpose for CONT, so the strided path
was untested. Add test_cont_permute covering (2,1,0,3), (1,2,0,3) and (0,2,1,3)
over f32/f16 at tile-aligned, tile-unaligned and large shapes. The large shapes
are in the eval set rather than only in perf because perf mode does not verify
results.

-Measured on gfx1151, ne=[n_kv,64,64,1], perm=(2,1,0,3), f32:

  n_kv=1024:   9.08 ->  579.85 GB/s
  n_kv=1280:  20.03 ->  153.71 GB/s
  n_kv=2048:   7.11 ->   91.68 GB/s
  n_kv=2304:  16.24 ->   86.49 GB/s

-The ~2.2x penalty previously seen at power-of-two n_kv (destination-stride
aliasing) is gone. End to end, DeepSeek-V4-Flash IQ3_XXS prefill on a 9k-token
prompt goes from 56.33 t/s to 103.74 t/s (+84%).

-Note: at n_tokens=512 a single slow-path dispatch takes ~273 ms and looping it
in perf mode can trip the GPU watchdog, so the perf cases use n_tokens=64.

* tests: fold test_cont_permute into test_cont, add L2-exceeding perf shapes

Review feedback: test_cont gains a permute parameter ({0,0,0,0} = none),
matching test_mul_mat's pattern, and the separate struct is gone. Perf
adds [n_kv, 512, 64, 1] variants (~0.5 GB per run) that exceed GPU L2,
since the 64-token shapes fit in cache on large parts and read above
memory bandwidth.

* tests: trim perf-case comment to the two-line summary

* vulkan: trim comments on the 0<->2 transpose path

Drop the shader file header, the read/write block comments and the
rationale prose in the CONT test cases. Keep the tile-shape and
bank-conflict notes and the permute parameter documentation.

---------

Co-authored-by: Kevin Hopper <[email protected]>
2026-08-19 10:20:21 +02:00
Masashi Yoshimura 5112b9738b ggml-webgpu: add mulmat with overlapping src0/src1 (e.g., for minimax-01) (#27321) 2026-08-19 16:29:33 +09:00
Jeff Bolz 79fe799194 tests: skip test-unicode build on win32/BUILD_SHARED_LIBS (#27336) 2026-08-19 08:50:50 +02:00
Thiago Padilha afd439df1f unicode : include '~' in collapsed symbol class (#26972)
The collapsed \p{S} class was missing '~', which split " ~" into
separate pre-tokens and prevented the Ġ~ BPE merge used by DeepSeek V4.
This caused re-tokenized prompts to diverge from sampled tokens and
broke KV cache reuse.

Assisted-by: Codex
2026-08-18 15:15:22 +02:00
BlackFoilandXuan Son Nguyen 7acdbb1f19 mtmd: fix LFM2 image tiling threshold (#27057)
* mtmd: fix LFM2 image tiling threshold

* refactor testing

* fix

* fix on windows

---------

Co-authored-by: Xuan Son Nguyen <[email protected]>
2026-08-18 11:11:19 +02:00