Merge 140a803ccf into cf679978be

Implement SIMD-optimized audio operations using ARM NEON for Cortex-A7 targets
Update Makefile and CI configuration to support NEON compilation flags
Add SIMD implementations for common audio operations including:
- Sample clearing and interleaving
- Volume scaling and format conversion
- Channel manipulation and balance adjustment
- Endianness swapping and prefetching

.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml

@@ -84,7 +84,10 @@ jobs:
           version: v2.0.2
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: 1
-          ALSA_VERSION: ${{ env.ALSA_VERSION }}
+          GOOS: linux
-          OPUS_VERSION: ${{ env.OPUS_VERSION }}
+          GOARCH: arm
-          CGO_CFLAGS: "-I${{ steps.build-env.outputs.cache_path }}/alsa-lib-${{ steps.build-env.outputs.alsa_version }}/include -I${{ steps.build-env.outputs.cache_path }}/opus-${{ steps.build-env.outputs.opus_version }}/include -I${{ steps.build-env.outputs.cache_path }}/opus-${{ steps.build-env.outputs.opus_version }}/celt"
+          GOARM: 7
+          CC: ${{ steps.build-env.outputs.cache_path }}/../rv1106-system/tools/linux/toolchain/arm-rockchip830-linux-uclibcgnueabihf/bin/arm-rockchip830-linux-uclibcgnueabihf-gcc
+          PKG_CONFIG_PATH: ${{ steps.build-env.outputs.cache_path }}/alsa-lib-${{ steps.build-env.outputs.alsa_version }}/utils:${{ steps.build-env.outputs.cache_path }}/opus-${{ steps.build-env.outputs.opus_version }}
+          CGO_CFLAGS: "-O3 -mfpu=neon -mtune=cortex-a7 -mfloat-abi=hard -ftree-vectorize -ffast-math -funroll-loops -mvectorize-with-neon-quad -marm -D__ARM_NEON -I${{ steps.build-env.outputs.cache_path }}/alsa-lib-${{ steps.build-env.outputs.alsa_version }}/include -I${{ steps.build-env.outputs.cache_path }}/opus-${{ steps.build-env.outputs.opus_version }}/include -I${{ steps.build-env.outputs.cache_path }}/opus-${{ steps.build-env.outputs.opus_version }}/celt"
           CGO_LDFLAGS: "-L${{ steps.build-env.outputs.cache_path }}/alsa-lib-${{ steps.build-env.outputs.alsa_version }}/src/.libs -lasound -L${{ steps.build-env.outputs.cache_path }}/opus-${{ steps.build-env.outputs.opus_version }}/.libs -lopus -lm -ldl -static"

.gitignore

@@ -11,3 +11,4 @@ tmp/
 
 device-tests.tar.gz
 CLAUDE.md
+.claude/

DEVELOPMENT.md

@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ npm install
 
 ```bash
 # Enable debug logging
-export LOG_TRACE_SCOPES="jetkvm,cloud,websocket,native,jsonrpc"
+export LOG_TRACE_SCOPES="jetkvm,cloud,websocket,native,jsonrpc,audio"
 
 # Frontend development
 export JETKVM_PROXY_URL="ws://<IP>"
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ curl http://api:$JETKVM_PASSWORD@YOUR_DEVICE_IP/developer/pprof/
 
 ```bash
 # Enable trace logging (useful for debugging)
-export LOG_TRACE_SCOPES="jetkvm,cloud,websocket,native,jsonrpc"
+export LOG_TRACE_SCOPES="jetkvm,cloud,websocket,native,jsonrpc,audio"
 
 # For frontend development
 export JETKVM_PROXY_URL="ws://<JETKVM_IP>"

Makefile

@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ export PKG_CONFIG_PATH := $(AUDIO_LIBS_DIR)/alsa-lib-$(ALSA_VERSION)/utils:$(AUD
 # Common command to clean Go cache with verbose output for all Go builds
 CLEAN_GO_CACHE := @echo "Cleaning Go cache..."; go clean -cache -v
 
-# Optimization flags for ARM Cortex-A7 with NEON
+# Optimization flags for ARM Cortex-A7 with NEON SIMD
-OPTIM_CFLAGS := -O3 -mfpu=neon -mtune=cortex-a7 -mfloat-abi=hard -ftree-vectorize -ffast-math -funroll-loops
+OPTIM_CFLAGS := -O3 -mfpu=neon -mtune=cortex-a7 -mfloat-abi=hard -ftree-vectorize -ffast-math -funroll-loops -mvectorize-with-neon-quad -marm -D__ARM_NEON
 
 # Cross-compilation environment for ARM - exported globally
 export GOOS := linux

dev_deploy.sh

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ REMOTE_USER="root"
 REMOTE_PATH="/userdata/jetkvm/bin"
 SKIP_UI_BUILD=false
 RESET_USB_HID_DEVICE=false
-LOG_TRACE_SCOPES="${LOG_TRACE_SCOPES:-jetkvm,cloud,websocket,native,jsonrpc}"
+LOG_TRACE_SCOPES="${LOG_TRACE_SCOPES:-jetkvm,cloud,websocket,native,jsonrpc,audio}"
 RUN_GO_TESTS=false
 RUN_GO_TESTS_ONLY=false
 INSTALL_APP=false

internal/audio/adaptive_buffer.go

@@ -1,447 +0,0 @@
-package audio
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"math"
-	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/jetkvm/kvm/internal/logging"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
-)
-
-// AdaptiveBufferConfig holds configuration for the adaptive buffer sizing algorithm.
-//
-// The adaptive buffer system dynamically adjusts audio buffer sizes based on real-time
-// system conditions to optimize the trade-off between latency and stability. The algorithm
-// uses multiple factors to make decisions:
-//
-// 1. System Load Monitoring:
-//   - CPU usage: High CPU load increases buffer sizes to prevent underruns
-//   - Memory usage: High memory pressure reduces buffer sizes to conserve RAM
-//
-// 2. Latency Tracking:
-//   - Target latency: Optimal latency for the current quality setting
-//   - Max latency: Hard limit beyond which buffers are aggressively reduced
-//
-// 3. Adaptation Strategy:
-//   - Exponential smoothing: Prevents oscillation and provides stable adjustments
-//   - Discrete steps: Buffer sizes change in fixed increments to avoid instability
-//   - Hysteresis: Different thresholds for increasing vs decreasing buffer sizes
-//
-// The algorithm is specifically tuned for embedded ARM systems with limited resources,
-// prioritizing stability over absolute minimum latency.
-type AdaptiveBufferConfig struct {
-	// Buffer size limits (in frames)
-	MinBufferSize     int
-	MaxBufferSize     int
-	DefaultBufferSize int
-
-	// System load thresholds
-	LowCPUThreshold     float64 // Below this, increase buffer size
-	HighCPUThreshold    float64 // Above this, decrease buffer size
-	LowMemoryThreshold  float64 // Below this, increase buffer size
-	HighMemoryThreshold float64 // Above this, decrease buffer size
-
-	// Latency thresholds (in milliseconds)
-	TargetLatency time.Duration
-	MaxLatency    time.Duration
-
-	// Adaptation parameters
-	AdaptationInterval time.Duration
-	SmoothingFactor    float64 // 0.0-1.0, higher = more responsive
-}
-
-// DefaultAdaptiveBufferConfig returns optimized config for JetKVM hardware
-func DefaultAdaptiveBufferConfig() AdaptiveBufferConfig {
-	return AdaptiveBufferConfig{
-		// Conservative buffer sizes for 256MB RAM constraint
-		MinBufferSize:     Config.AdaptiveMinBufferSize,
-		MaxBufferSize:     Config.AdaptiveMaxBufferSize,
-		DefaultBufferSize: Config.AdaptiveDefaultBufferSize,
-
-		// CPU thresholds optimized for single-core ARM Cortex A7 under load
-		LowCPUThreshold:  Config.LowCPUThreshold * 100,  // Below 20% CPU
-		HighCPUThreshold: Config.HighCPUThreshold * 100, // Above 60% CPU (lowered to be more responsive)
-
-		// Memory thresholds for 256MB total RAM
-		LowMemoryThreshold:  Config.LowMemoryThreshold * 100,  // Below 35% memory usage
-		HighMemoryThreshold: Config.HighMemoryThreshold * 100, // Above 75% memory usage (lowered for earlier response)
-
-		// Latency targets
-		TargetLatency: Config.AdaptiveBufferTargetLatency, // Target 20ms latency
-		MaxLatency:    Config.MaxLatencyThreshold,         // Max acceptable latency
-
-		// Adaptation settings
-		AdaptationInterval: Config.BufferUpdateInterval, // Check every 500ms
-		SmoothingFactor:    Config.SmoothingFactor,      // Moderate responsiveness
-	}
-}
-
-// AdaptiveBufferManager manages dynamic buffer sizing based on system conditions
-type AdaptiveBufferManager struct {
-	// Atomic fields MUST be first for ARM32 alignment (int64 fields need 8-byte alignment)
-	currentInputBufferSize  int64 // Current input buffer size (atomic)
-	currentOutputBufferSize int64 // Current output buffer size (atomic)
-	averageLatency          int64 // Average latency in nanoseconds (atomic)
-	systemCPUPercent        int64 // System CPU percentage * 100 (atomic)
-	systemMemoryPercent     int64 // System memory percentage * 100 (atomic)
-	adaptationCount         int64 // Metrics tracking (atomic)
-
-	config AdaptiveBufferConfig
-	logger zerolog.Logger
-
-	// Control channels
-	ctx    context.Context
-	cancel context.CancelFunc
-	wg     sync.WaitGroup
-
-	// Metrics tracking
-	lastAdaptation time.Time
-	mutex          sync.RWMutex
-}
-
-// NewAdaptiveBufferManager creates a new adaptive buffer manager
-func NewAdaptiveBufferManager(config AdaptiveBufferConfig) *AdaptiveBufferManager {
-	logger := logging.GetDefaultLogger().With().Str("component", "adaptive-buffer").Logger()
-
-	if err := ValidateAdaptiveBufferConfig(config.MinBufferSize, config.MaxBufferSize, config.DefaultBufferSize); err != nil {
-		logger.Warn().Err(err).Msg("invalid adaptive buffer config, using defaults")
-		config = DefaultAdaptiveBufferConfig()
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-
-	return &AdaptiveBufferManager{
-		currentInputBufferSize:  int64(config.DefaultBufferSize),
-		currentOutputBufferSize: int64(config.DefaultBufferSize),
-		config:                  config,
-		logger:                  logger,
-
-		ctx:            ctx,
-		cancel:         cancel,
-		lastAdaptation: time.Now(),
-	}
-}
-
-// Start begins the adaptive buffer management
-func (abm *AdaptiveBufferManager) Start() {
-	abm.wg.Add(1)
-	go abm.adaptationLoop()
-	abm.logger.Info().Msg("adaptive buffer manager started")
-}
-
-// Stop stops the adaptive buffer management
-func (abm *AdaptiveBufferManager) Stop() {
-	abm.cancel()
-	abm.wg.Wait()
-	abm.logger.Info().Msg("adaptive buffer manager stopped")
-}
-
-// GetInputBufferSize returns the current recommended input buffer size
-func (abm *AdaptiveBufferManager) GetInputBufferSize() int {
-	return int(atomic.LoadInt64(&abm.currentInputBufferSize))
-}
-
-// GetOutputBufferSize returns the current recommended output buffer size
-func (abm *AdaptiveBufferManager) GetOutputBufferSize() int {
-	return int(atomic.LoadInt64(&abm.currentOutputBufferSize))
-}
-
-// UpdateLatency updates the current latency measurement
-func (abm *AdaptiveBufferManager) UpdateLatency(latency time.Duration) {
-	// Use exponential moving average for latency tracking
-	// Weight: 90% historical, 10% current (for smoother averaging)
-	currentAvg := atomic.LoadInt64(&abm.averageLatency)
-	newLatencyNs := latency.Nanoseconds()
-
-	if currentAvg == 0 {
-		// First measurement
-		atomic.StoreInt64(&abm.averageLatency, newLatencyNs)
-	} else {
-		// Exponential moving average
-		newAvg := (currentAvg*9 + newLatencyNs) / 10
-		atomic.StoreInt64(&abm.averageLatency, newAvg)
-	}
-
-	// Log high latency warnings only for truly problematic latencies
-	// Use a more reasonable threshold: 10ms for audio processing is concerning
-	highLatencyThreshold := 10 * time.Millisecond
-	if latency > highLatencyThreshold {
-		abm.logger.Debug().
-			Dur("latency_ms", latency/time.Millisecond).
-			Dur("threshold_ms", highLatencyThreshold/time.Millisecond).
-			Msg("High audio processing latency detected")
-	}
-}
-
-// BoostBuffersForQualityChange immediately increases buffer sizes to handle quality change bursts
-// This bypasses the normal adaptive algorithm for emergency situations
-func (abm *AdaptiveBufferManager) BoostBuffersForQualityChange() {
-	// Immediately set buffers to maximum size to handle quality change frame bursts
-	maxSize := int64(abm.config.MaxBufferSize)
-	atomic.StoreInt64(&abm.currentInputBufferSize, maxSize)
-	atomic.StoreInt64(&abm.currentOutputBufferSize, maxSize)
-
-	abm.logger.Info().
-		Int("buffer_size", int(maxSize)).
-		Msg("Boosted buffers to maximum size for quality change")
-}
-
-// adaptationLoop is the main loop that adjusts buffer sizes
-func (abm *AdaptiveBufferManager) adaptationLoop() {
-	defer abm.wg.Done()
-
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(abm.config.AdaptationInterval)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-abm.ctx.Done():
-			return
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			abm.adaptBufferSizes()
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// adaptBufferSizes analyzes system conditions and adjusts buffer sizes
-// adaptBufferSizes implements the core adaptive buffer sizing algorithm.
-//
-// This function uses a multi-factor approach to determine optimal buffer sizes:
-//
-// Mathematical Model:
-// 1. Factor Calculation:
-//
-//   - CPU Factor: Sigmoid function that increases buffer size under high CPU load
-//
-//   - Memory Factor: Inverse relationship that decreases buffer size under memory pressure
-//
-//   - Latency Factor: Exponential decay that aggressively reduces buffers when latency exceeds targets
-//
-//     2. Combined Factor:
-//     Combined = (CPU_factor * Memory_factor * Latency_factor)
-//     This multiplicative approach ensures any single critical factor can override others
-//
-//     3. Exponential Smoothing:
-//     New_size = Current_size + smoothing_factor * (Target_size - Current_size)
-//     This prevents rapid oscillations and provides stable convergence
-//
-//     4. Discrete Quantization:
-//     Final sizes are rounded to frame boundaries and clamped to configured limits
-//
-// The algorithm runs periodically and only applies changes when the adaptation interval
-// has elapsed, preventing excessive adjustments that could destabilize the audio pipeline.
-func (abm *AdaptiveBufferManager) adaptBufferSizes() {
-	// Use fixed system metrics for stability
-	systemCPU := 50.0    // Assume moderate CPU usage
-	systemMemory := 60.0 // Assume moderate memory usage
-
-	atomic.StoreInt64(&abm.systemCPUPercent, int64(systemCPU*100))
-	atomic.StoreInt64(&abm.systemMemoryPercent, int64(systemMemory*100))
-
-	// Get current latency
-	currentLatencyNs := atomic.LoadInt64(&abm.averageLatency)
-	currentLatency := time.Duration(currentLatencyNs)
-
-	// Calculate adaptation factors
-	cpuFactor := abm.calculateCPUFactor(systemCPU)
-	memoryFactor := abm.calculateMemoryFactor(systemMemory)
-	latencyFactor := abm.calculateLatencyFactor(currentLatency)
-
-	// Combine factors with weights (CPU has highest priority for KVM coexistence)
-	combinedFactor := Config.CPUMemoryWeight*cpuFactor + Config.MemoryWeight*memoryFactor + Config.LatencyWeight*latencyFactor
-
-	// Apply adaptation with smoothing
-	currentInput := float64(atomic.LoadInt64(&abm.currentInputBufferSize))
-	currentOutput := float64(atomic.LoadInt64(&abm.currentOutputBufferSize))
-
-	// Calculate new buffer sizes
-	newInputSize := abm.applyAdaptation(currentInput, combinedFactor)
-	newOutputSize := abm.applyAdaptation(currentOutput, combinedFactor)
-
-	// Update buffer sizes if they changed significantly
-	adjustmentMade := false
-	if math.Abs(newInputSize-currentInput) >= 0.5 || math.Abs(newOutputSize-currentOutput) >= 0.5 {
-		atomic.StoreInt64(&abm.currentInputBufferSize, int64(math.Round(newInputSize)))
-		atomic.StoreInt64(&abm.currentOutputBufferSize, int64(math.Round(newOutputSize)))
-
-		atomic.AddInt64(&abm.adaptationCount, 1)
-		abm.mutex.Lock()
-		abm.lastAdaptation = time.Now()
-		abm.mutex.Unlock()
-		adjustmentMade = true
-
-		abm.logger.Debug().
-			Float64("cpu_percent", systemCPU).
-			Float64("memory_percent", systemMemory).
-			Dur("latency", currentLatency).
-			Float64("combined_factor", combinedFactor).
-			Int("new_input_size", int(newInputSize)).
-			Int("new_output_size", int(newOutputSize)).
-			Msg("Adapted buffer sizes")
-	}
-
-	// Update metrics with current state
-	currentInputSize := int(atomic.LoadInt64(&abm.currentInputBufferSize))
-	currentOutputSize := int(atomic.LoadInt64(&abm.currentOutputBufferSize))
-	UpdateAdaptiveBufferMetrics(currentInputSize, currentOutputSize, systemCPU, systemMemory, adjustmentMade)
-}
-
-// calculateCPUFactor returns adaptation factor based on CPU usage with threshold validation.
-//
-// Validation Rules:
-//   - CPU percentage must be within valid range [0.0, 100.0]
-//   - Uses LowCPUThreshold and HighCPUThreshold from config for decision boundaries
-//   - Default thresholds: Low=20.0%, High=80.0%
-//
-// Adaptation Logic:
-//   - CPU > HighCPUThreshold: Return -1.0 (decrease buffers to reduce CPU load)
-//   - CPU < LowCPUThreshold: Return +1.0 (increase buffers for better quality)
-//   - Between thresholds: Linear interpolation based on distance from midpoint
-//
-// Returns: Adaptation factor in range [-1.0, +1.0]
-//   - Negative values: Decrease buffer sizes to reduce CPU usage
-//   - Positive values: Increase buffer sizes for better audio quality
-//   - Zero: No adaptation needed
-//
-// The function ensures CPU-aware buffer management to balance audio quality
-// with system performance, preventing CPU starvation of the KVM process.
-func (abm *AdaptiveBufferManager) calculateCPUFactor(cpuPercent float64) float64 {
-	if cpuPercent > abm.config.HighCPUThreshold {
-		// High CPU: decrease buffers to reduce latency and give CPU to KVM
-		return -1.0
-	} else if cpuPercent < abm.config.LowCPUThreshold {
-		// Low CPU: increase buffers for better quality
-		return 1.0
-	}
-	// Medium CPU: linear interpolation
-	midpoint := (abm.config.HighCPUThreshold + abm.config.LowCPUThreshold) / 2
-	return (midpoint - cpuPercent) / (midpoint - abm.config.LowCPUThreshold)
-}
-
-// calculateMemoryFactor returns adaptation factor based on memory usage with threshold validation.
-//
-// Validation Rules:
-//   - Memory percentage must be within valid range [0.0, 100.0]
-//   - Uses LowMemoryThreshold and HighMemoryThreshold from config for decision boundaries
-//   - Default thresholds: Low=30.0%, High=85.0%
-//
-// Adaptation Logic:
-//   - Memory > HighMemoryThreshold: Return -1.0 (decrease buffers to free memory)
-//   - Memory < LowMemoryThreshold: Return +1.0 (increase buffers for performance)
-//   - Between thresholds: Linear interpolation based on distance from midpoint
-//
-// Returns: Adaptation factor in range [-1.0, +1.0]
-//   - Negative values: Decrease buffer sizes to reduce memory usage
-//   - Positive values: Increase buffer sizes for better performance
-//   - Zero: No adaptation needed
-//
-// The function prevents memory exhaustion while optimizing buffer sizes
-// for audio processing performance and system stability.
-func (abm *AdaptiveBufferManager) calculateMemoryFactor(memoryPercent float64) float64 {
-	if memoryPercent > abm.config.HighMemoryThreshold {
-		// High memory: decrease buffers to free memory
-		return -1.0
-	} else if memoryPercent < abm.config.LowMemoryThreshold {
-		// Low memory: increase buffers for better performance
-		return 1.0
-	}
-	// Medium memory: linear interpolation
-	midpoint := (abm.config.HighMemoryThreshold + abm.config.LowMemoryThreshold) / 2
-	return (midpoint - memoryPercent) / (midpoint - abm.config.LowMemoryThreshold)
-}
-
-// calculateLatencyFactor returns adaptation factor based on latency with threshold validation.
-//
-// Validation Rules:
-//   - Latency must be non-negative duration
-//   - Uses TargetLatency and MaxLatency from config for decision boundaries
-//   - Default thresholds: Target=50ms, Max=200ms
-//
-// Adaptation Logic:
-//   - Latency > MaxLatency: Return -1.0 (decrease buffers to reduce latency)
-//   - Latency < TargetLatency: Return +1.0 (increase buffers for quality)
-//   - Between thresholds: Linear interpolation based on distance from midpoint
-//
-// Returns: Adaptation factor in range [-1.0, +1.0]
-//   - Negative values: Decrease buffer sizes to reduce audio latency
-//   - Positive values: Increase buffer sizes for better audio quality
-//   - Zero: Latency is at optimal level
-//
-// The function balances audio latency with quality, ensuring real-time
-// performance while maintaining acceptable audio processing quality.
-func (abm *AdaptiveBufferManager) calculateLatencyFactor(latency time.Duration) float64 {
-	if latency > abm.config.MaxLatency {
-		// High latency: decrease buffers
-		return -1.0
-	} else if latency < abm.config.TargetLatency {
-		// Low latency: can increase buffers
-		return 1.0
-	}
-	// Medium latency: linear interpolation
-	midLatency := (abm.config.MaxLatency + abm.config.TargetLatency) / 2
-	return float64(midLatency-latency) / float64(midLatency-abm.config.TargetLatency)
-}
-
-// applyAdaptation applies the adaptation factor to current buffer size
-func (abm *AdaptiveBufferManager) applyAdaptation(currentSize, factor float64) float64 {
-	// Calculate target size based on factor
-	var targetSize float64
-	if factor > 0 {
-		// Increase towards max
-		targetSize = currentSize + factor*(float64(abm.config.MaxBufferSize)-currentSize)
-	} else {
-		// Decrease towards min
-		targetSize = currentSize + factor*(currentSize-float64(abm.config.MinBufferSize))
-	}
-
-	// Apply smoothing
-	newSize := currentSize + abm.config.SmoothingFactor*(targetSize-currentSize)
-
-	// Clamp to valid range
-	return math.Max(float64(abm.config.MinBufferSize),
-		math.Min(float64(abm.config.MaxBufferSize), newSize))
-}
-
-// GetStats returns current adaptation statistics
-func (abm *AdaptiveBufferManager) GetStats() map[string]interface{} {
-	abm.mutex.RLock()
-	lastAdaptation := abm.lastAdaptation
-	abm.mutex.RUnlock()
-
-	return map[string]interface{}{
-		"input_buffer_size":     abm.GetInputBufferSize(),
-		"output_buffer_size":    abm.GetOutputBufferSize(),
-		"average_latency_ms":    float64(atomic.LoadInt64(&abm.averageLatency)) / 1e6,
-		"system_cpu_percent":    float64(atomic.LoadInt64(&abm.systemCPUPercent)) / Config.PercentageMultiplier,
-		"system_memory_percent": float64(atomic.LoadInt64(&abm.systemMemoryPercent)) / Config.PercentageMultiplier,
-		"adaptation_count":      atomic.LoadInt64(&abm.adaptationCount),
-		"last_adaptation":       lastAdaptation,
-	}
-}
-
-// Global adaptive buffer manager instance
-var globalAdaptiveBufferManager *AdaptiveBufferManager
-var adaptiveBufferOnce sync.Once
-
-// GetAdaptiveBufferManager returns the global adaptive buffer manager instance
-func GetAdaptiveBufferManager() *AdaptiveBufferManager {
-	adaptiveBufferOnce.Do(func() {
-		globalAdaptiveBufferManager = NewAdaptiveBufferManager(DefaultAdaptiveBufferConfig())
-	})
-	return globalAdaptiveBufferManager
-}
-
-// StartAdaptiveBuffering starts the global adaptive buffer manager
-func StartAdaptiveBuffering() {
-	GetAdaptiveBufferManager().Start()
-}
-
-// StopAdaptiveBuffering stops the global adaptive buffer manager
-func StopAdaptiveBuffering() {
-	if globalAdaptiveBufferManager != nil {
-		globalAdaptiveBufferManager.Stop()
-	}
-}

internal/audio/batch_audio.go

@@ -1,626 +0,0 @@
-//go:build cgo
-
-package audio
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"runtime"
-	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"time"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"github.com/jetkvm/kvm/internal/logging"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
-)
-
-// BatchAudioProcessor manages batched CGO operations to reduce syscall overhead
-type BatchAudioProcessor struct {
-	// Statistics - MUST be first for ARM32 alignment (int64 fields need 8-byte alignment)
-	stats BatchAudioStats
-
-	// Control
-	ctx           context.Context
-	cancel        context.CancelFunc
-	logger        *zerolog.Logger
-	batchSize     int
-	batchDuration time.Duration
-
-	// Batch queues and state (atomic for lock-free access)
-	readQueue    chan batchReadRequest
-	writeQueue   chan batchWriteRequest
-	initialized  int32
-	running      int32
-	threadPinned int32
-	writePinned  int32
-
-	// Buffers (pre-allocated to avoid allocation overhead)
-	readBufPool  *sync.Pool
-	writeBufPool *sync.Pool
-}
-
-type BatchAudioStats struct {
-	// int64 fields MUST be first for ARM32 alignment
-	BatchedReads    int64
-	SingleReads     int64
-	BatchedWrites   int64
-	SingleWrites    int64
-	BatchedFrames   int64
-	SingleFrames    int64
-	WriteFrames     int64
-	CGOCallsReduced int64
-	OSThreadPinTime time.Duration // time.Duration is int64 internally
-	WriteThreadTime time.Duration // time.Duration is int64 internally
-	LastBatchTime   time.Time
-	LastWriteTime   time.Time
-}
-
-type batchReadRequest struct {
-	buffer     []byte
-	resultChan chan batchReadResult
-	timestamp  time.Time
-}
-
-type batchReadResult struct {
-	length int
-	err    error
-}
-
-type batchWriteRequest struct {
-	buffer     []byte // Buffer for backward compatibility
-	opusData   []byte // Opus encoded data for decode-write operations
-	pcmBuffer  []byte // PCM buffer for decode-write operations
-	resultChan chan batchWriteResult
-	timestamp  time.Time
-}
-
-type batchWriteResult struct {
-	length int
-	err    error
-}
-
-// NewBatchAudioProcessor creates a new batch audio processor
-func NewBatchAudioProcessor(batchSize int, batchDuration time.Duration) *BatchAudioProcessor {
-	// Validate input parameters with minimal overhead
-	if batchSize <= 0 || batchSize > 1000 {
-		batchSize = Config.BatchProcessorFramesPerBatch
-	}
-	if batchDuration <= 0 {
-		batchDuration = Config.BatchProcessingDelay
-	}
-
-	// Use optimized queue sizes from configuration
-	queueSize := Config.BatchProcessorMaxQueueSize
-	if queueSize <= 0 {
-		queueSize = batchSize * 2 // Fallback to double batch size
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	// Pre-allocate logger to avoid repeated allocations
-	logger := logging.GetDefaultLogger().With().Str("component", "batch-audio").Logger()
-
-	frameSize := Config.MinReadEncodeBuffer
-	if frameSize == 0 {
-		frameSize = 1500 // Safe fallback
-	}
-
-	processor := &BatchAudioProcessor{
-		ctx:           ctx,
-		cancel:        cancel,
-		logger:        &logger,
-		batchSize:     batchSize,
-		batchDuration: batchDuration,
-		readQueue:     make(chan batchReadRequest, queueSize),
-		writeQueue:    make(chan batchWriteRequest, queueSize),
-		readBufPool: &sync.Pool{
-			New: func() interface{} {
-				return make([]byte, 0, frameSize)
-			},
-		},
-		writeBufPool: &sync.Pool{
-			New: func() interface{} {
-				return make([]byte, 0, frameSize)
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	return processor
-}
-
-// Start initializes and starts the batch processor
-func (bap *BatchAudioProcessor) Start() error {
-	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&bap.running, 0, 1) {
-		return nil // Already running
-	}
-
-	// Initialize CGO resources once per processor lifecycle
-	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&bap.initialized, 0, 1) {
-		return nil // Already initialized
-	}
-
-	// Start batch processing goroutines
-	go bap.batchReadProcessor()
-	go bap.batchWriteProcessor()
-
-	bap.logger.Info().Int("batch_size", bap.batchSize).
-		Dur("batch_duration", bap.batchDuration).
-		Msg("batch audio processor started")
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Stop cleanly shuts down the batch processor
-func (bap *BatchAudioProcessor) Stop() {
-	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&bap.running, 1, 0) {
-		return // Already stopped
-	}
-
-	bap.cancel()
-
-	// Wait for processing to complete
-	time.Sleep(bap.batchDuration + Config.BatchProcessingDelay)
-
-	bap.logger.Info().Msg("batch audio processor stopped")
-}
-
-// BatchReadEncode performs batched audio read and encode operations
-func (bap *BatchAudioProcessor) BatchReadEncode(buffer []byte) (int, error) {
-	// Validate buffer before processing
-	if err := ValidateBufferSize(len(buffer)); err != nil {
-		// Only log validation errors in debug mode to reduce overhead
-		if bap.logger.GetLevel() <= zerolog.DebugLevel {
-			bap.logger.Debug().Err(err).Msg("invalid buffer for batch processing")
-		}
-		return 0, err
-	}
-
-	if !bap.IsRunning() {
-		// Fallback to single operation if batch processor is not running
-		// Use sampling to reduce atomic operations overhead
-		if atomic.LoadInt64(&bap.stats.SingleReads)%10 == 0 {
-			atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.SingleReads, 10)
-			atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.SingleFrames, 10)
-		}
-		return CGOAudioReadEncode(buffer)
-	}
-
-	resultChan := make(chan batchReadResult, 1)
-	request := batchReadRequest{
-		buffer:     buffer,
-		resultChan: resultChan,
-		timestamp:  time.Now(),
-	}
-
-	// Try to queue the request with non-blocking send
-	select {
-	case bap.readQueue <- request:
-		// Successfully queued
-	default:
-		// Queue is full, fallback to single operation
-		// Use sampling to reduce atomic operations overhead
-		if atomic.LoadInt64(&bap.stats.SingleReads)%10 == 0 {
-			atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.SingleReads, 10)
-			atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.SingleFrames, 10)
-		}
-		return CGOAudioReadEncode(buffer)
-	}
-
-	// Wait for result with timeout
-	select {
-	case result := <-resultChan:
-		return result.length, result.err
-	case <-time.After(Config.BatchProcessorTimeout):
-		// Timeout, fallback to single operation
-		// Use sampling to reduce atomic operations overhead
-		if atomic.LoadInt64(&bap.stats.SingleReads)%10 == 0 {
-			atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.SingleReads, 10)
-			atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.SingleFrames, 10)
-		}
-		return CGOAudioReadEncode(buffer)
-	}
-}
-
-// BatchDecodeWrite performs batched audio decode and write operations
-// This is the legacy version that uses a single buffer
-func (bap *BatchAudioProcessor) BatchDecodeWrite(buffer []byte) (int, error) {
-	// Validate buffer before processing
-	if err := ValidateBufferSize(len(buffer)); err != nil {
-		// Only log validation errors in debug mode to reduce overhead
-		if bap.logger.GetLevel() <= zerolog.DebugLevel {
-			bap.logger.Debug().Err(err).Msg("invalid buffer for batch processing")
-		}
-		return 0, err
-	}
-
-	if !bap.IsRunning() {
-		// Fallback to single operation if batch processor is not running
-		// Use sampling to reduce atomic operations overhead
-		if atomic.LoadInt64(&bap.stats.SingleWrites)%10 == 0 {
-			atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.SingleWrites, 10)
-			atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.WriteFrames, 10)
-		}
-		return CGOAudioDecodeWriteLegacy(buffer)
-	}
-
-	resultChan := make(chan batchWriteResult, 1)
-	request := batchWriteRequest{
-		buffer:     buffer,
-		resultChan: resultChan,
-		timestamp:  time.Now(),
-	}
-
-	// Try to queue the request with non-blocking send
-	select {
-	case bap.writeQueue <- request:
-		// Successfully queued
-	default:
-		// Queue is full, fall back to single operation
-		// Use sampling to reduce atomic operations overhead
-		if atomic.LoadInt64(&bap.stats.SingleWrites)%10 == 0 {
-			atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.SingleWrites, 10)
-			atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.WriteFrames, 10)
-		}
-		return CGOAudioDecodeWriteLegacy(buffer)
-	}
-
-	// Wait for result with timeout
-	select {
-	case result := <-resultChan:
-		return result.length, result.err
-	case <-time.After(Config.BatchProcessorTimeout):
-		// Use sampling to reduce atomic operations overhead
-		if atomic.LoadInt64(&bap.stats.SingleWrites)%10 == 0 {
-			atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.SingleWrites, 10)
-			atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.WriteFrames, 10)
-		}
-		return CGOAudioDecodeWriteLegacy(buffer)
-	}
-}
-
-// BatchDecodeWriteWithBuffers performs batched audio decode and write operations with separate opus and PCM buffers
-func (bap *BatchAudioProcessor) BatchDecodeWriteWithBuffers(opusData []byte, pcmBuffer []byte) (int, error) {
-	// Validate buffers before processing
-	if len(opusData) == 0 {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("empty opus data buffer")
-	}
-	if len(pcmBuffer) == 0 {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("empty PCM buffer")
-	}
-
-	if !bap.IsRunning() {
-		// Fallback to single operation if batch processor is not running
-		atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.SingleWrites, 1)
-		atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.WriteFrames, 1)
-		// Use the optimized function with separate buffers
-		return CGOAudioDecodeWrite(opusData, pcmBuffer)
-	}
-
-	resultChan := make(chan batchWriteResult, 1)
-	request := batchWriteRequest{
-		opusData:   opusData,
-		pcmBuffer:  pcmBuffer,
-		resultChan: resultChan,
-		timestamp:  time.Now(),
-	}
-
-	// Try to queue the request with non-blocking send
-	select {
-	case bap.writeQueue <- request:
-		// Successfully queued
-	default:
-		// Queue is full, fall back to single operation
-		atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.SingleWrites, 1)
-		atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.WriteFrames, 1)
-		// Use the optimized function with separate buffers
-		return CGOAudioDecodeWrite(opusData, pcmBuffer)
-	}
-
-	// Wait for result with timeout
-	select {
-	case result := <-resultChan:
-		return result.length, result.err
-	case <-time.After(Config.BatchProcessorTimeout):
-		atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.SingleWrites, 1)
-		atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.WriteFrames, 1)
-		// Use the optimized function with separate buffers
-		return CGOAudioDecodeWrite(opusData, pcmBuffer)
-	}
-}
-
-// batchReadProcessor processes batched read operations
-func (bap *BatchAudioProcessor) batchReadProcessor() {
-	defer bap.logger.Debug().Msg("batch read processor stopped")
-
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(bap.batchDuration)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
-	var batch []batchReadRequest
-	batch = make([]batchReadRequest, 0, bap.batchSize)
-
-	for atomic.LoadInt32(&bap.running) == 1 {
-		select {
-		case <-bap.ctx.Done():
-			return
-
-		case req := <-bap.readQueue:
-			batch = append(batch, req)
-			if len(batch) >= bap.batchSize {
-				bap.processBatchRead(batch)
-				batch = batch[:0] // Clear slice but keep capacity
-			}
-
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			if len(batch) > 0 {
-				bap.processBatchRead(batch)
-				batch = batch[:0] // Clear slice but keep capacity
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Process any remaining requests
-	if len(batch) > 0 {
-		bap.processBatchRead(batch)
-	}
-}
-
-// batchWriteProcessor processes batched write operations
-func (bap *BatchAudioProcessor) batchWriteProcessor() {
-	defer bap.logger.Debug().Msg("batch write processor stopped")
-
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(bap.batchDuration)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
-	var batch []batchWriteRequest
-	batch = make([]batchWriteRequest, 0, bap.batchSize)
-
-	for atomic.LoadInt32(&bap.running) == 1 {
-		select {
-		case <-bap.ctx.Done():
-			return
-
-		case req := <-bap.writeQueue:
-			batch = append(batch, req)
-			if len(batch) >= bap.batchSize {
-				bap.processBatchWrite(batch)
-				batch = batch[:0] // Clear slice but keep capacity
-			}
-
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			if len(batch) > 0 {
-				bap.processBatchWrite(batch)
-				batch = batch[:0] // Clear slice but keep capacity
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Process any remaining requests
-	if len(batch) > 0 {
-		bap.processBatchWrite(batch)
-	}
-}
-
-// processBatchRead processes a batch of read requests efficiently
-func (bap *BatchAudioProcessor) processBatchRead(batch []batchReadRequest) {
-	batchSize := len(batch)
-	if batchSize == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	threadPinningThreshold := Config.BatchProcessorThreadPinningThreshold
-	if threadPinningThreshold == 0 {
-		threadPinningThreshold = Config.MinBatchSizeForThreadPinning // Fallback
-	}
-
-	// Only pin to OS thread for large batches to reduce thread contention
-	var start time.Time
-	threadWasPinned := false
-	if batchSize >= threadPinningThreshold && atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&bap.threadPinned, 0, 1) {
-		start = time.Now()
-		threadWasPinned = true
-		runtime.LockOSThread()
-	}
-
-	// Batch stats updates to reduce atomic operations (update once per batch instead of per frame)
-	atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.BatchedReads, 1)
-	atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.BatchedFrames, int64(batchSize))
-	if batchSize > 1 {
-		atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.CGOCallsReduced, int64(batchSize-1))
-	}
-
-	// Process each request in the batch with minimal overhead
-	for i := range batch {
-		req := &batch[i]
-		length, err := CGOAudioReadEncode(req.buffer)
-
-		// Send result back (non-blocking) - reuse result struct
-		select {
-		case req.resultChan <- batchReadResult{length: length, err: err}:
-		default:
-			// Requestor timed out, drop result
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Release thread lock if we pinned it
-	if threadWasPinned {
-		runtime.UnlockOSThread()
-		atomic.StoreInt32(&bap.threadPinned, 0)
-		bap.stats.OSThreadPinTime += time.Since(start)
-	}
-
-	// Update timestamp only once per batch instead of per frame
-	bap.stats.LastBatchTime = time.Now()
-}
-
-// processBatchWrite processes a batch of write requests efficiently
-func (bap *BatchAudioProcessor) processBatchWrite(batch []batchWriteRequest) {
-	if len(batch) == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	threadPinningThreshold := Config.BatchProcessorThreadPinningThreshold
-	if threadPinningThreshold == 0 {
-		threadPinningThreshold = Config.MinBatchSizeForThreadPinning // Fallback
-	}
-
-	// Only pin to OS thread for large batches to reduce thread contention
-	start := time.Now()
-	shouldPinThread := len(batch) >= threadPinningThreshold
-
-	// Track if we pinned the thread in this call
-	threadWasPinned := false
-
-	if shouldPinThread && atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&bap.writePinned, 0, 1) {
-		threadWasPinned = true
-		runtime.LockOSThread()
-
-		// Priority scheduler not implemented - using default thread priority
-	}
-
-	batchSize := len(batch)
-	atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.BatchedWrites, 1)
-	atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.WriteFrames, int64(batchSize))
-	if batchSize > 1 {
-		atomic.AddInt64(&bap.stats.CGOCallsReduced, int64(batchSize-1))
-	}
-
-	// Add deferred function to release thread lock if we pinned it
-	if threadWasPinned {
-		defer func() {
-			// Priority scheduler not implemented - using default thread priority
-			runtime.UnlockOSThread()
-			atomic.StoreInt32(&bap.writePinned, 0)
-			bap.stats.WriteThreadTime += time.Since(start)
-		}()
-	}
-
-	// Process each request in the batch
-	for _, req := range batch {
-		var length int
-		var err error
-
-		// Handle both legacy and new decode-write operations
-		if req.opusData != nil && req.pcmBuffer != nil {
-			// New style with separate opus data and PCM buffer
-			length, err = CGOAudioDecodeWrite(req.opusData, req.pcmBuffer)
-		} else {
-			// Legacy style with single buffer
-			length, err = CGOAudioDecodeWriteLegacy(req.buffer)
-		}
-
-		result := batchWriteResult{
-			length: length,
-			err:    err,
-		}
-
-		// Send result back (non-blocking)
-		select {
-		case req.resultChan <- result:
-		default:
-			// Requestor timed out, drop result
-		}
-	}
-
-	bap.stats.LastWriteTime = time.Now()
-}
-
-// GetStats returns current batch processor statistics
-func (bap *BatchAudioProcessor) GetStats() BatchAudioStats {
-	return BatchAudioStats{
-		BatchedReads:    atomic.LoadInt64(&bap.stats.BatchedReads),
-		SingleReads:     atomic.LoadInt64(&bap.stats.SingleReads),
-		BatchedWrites:   atomic.LoadInt64(&bap.stats.BatchedWrites),
-		SingleWrites:    atomic.LoadInt64(&bap.stats.SingleWrites),
-		BatchedFrames:   atomic.LoadInt64(&bap.stats.BatchedFrames),
-		SingleFrames:    atomic.LoadInt64(&bap.stats.SingleFrames),
-		WriteFrames:     atomic.LoadInt64(&bap.stats.WriteFrames),
-		CGOCallsReduced: atomic.LoadInt64(&bap.stats.CGOCallsReduced),
-		OSThreadPinTime: bap.stats.OSThreadPinTime,
-		WriteThreadTime: bap.stats.WriteThreadTime,
-		LastBatchTime:   bap.stats.LastBatchTime,
-		LastWriteTime:   bap.stats.LastWriteTime,
-	}
-}
-
-// IsRunning returns whether the batch processor is running
-func (bap *BatchAudioProcessor) IsRunning() bool {
-	return atomic.LoadInt32(&bap.running) == 1
-}
-
-// Global batch processor instance
-var (
-	globalBatchProcessor      unsafe.Pointer // *BatchAudioProcessor
-	batchProcessorInitialized int32
-)
-
-// GetBatchAudioProcessor returns the global batch processor instance
-func GetBatchAudioProcessor() *BatchAudioProcessor {
-	ptr := atomic.LoadPointer(&globalBatchProcessor)
-	if ptr != nil {
-		return (*BatchAudioProcessor)(ptr)
-	}
-
-	// Initialize on first use
-	if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&batchProcessorInitialized, 0, 1) {
-		processor := NewBatchAudioProcessor(Config.BatchProcessorFramesPerBatch, Config.BatchProcessorTimeout)
-		atomic.StorePointer(&globalBatchProcessor, unsafe.Pointer(processor))
-		return processor
-	}
-
-	// Another goroutine initialized it, try again
-	ptr = atomic.LoadPointer(&globalBatchProcessor)
-	if ptr != nil {
-		return (*BatchAudioProcessor)(ptr)
-	}
-
-	// Fallback: create a new processor (should rarely happen)
-	return NewBatchAudioProcessor(Config.BatchProcessorFramesPerBatch, Config.BatchProcessorTimeout)
-}
-
-// EnableBatchAudioProcessing enables the global batch processor
-func EnableBatchAudioProcessing() error {
-	processor := GetBatchAudioProcessor()
-	return processor.Start()
-}
-
-// DisableBatchAudioProcessing disables the global batch processor
-func DisableBatchAudioProcessing() {
-	ptr := atomic.LoadPointer(&globalBatchProcessor)
-	if ptr != nil {
-		processor := (*BatchAudioProcessor)(ptr)
-		processor.Stop()
-	}
-}
-
-// BatchCGOAudioReadEncode is a batched version of CGOAudioReadEncode
-func BatchCGOAudioReadEncode(buffer []byte) (int, error) {
-	processor := GetBatchAudioProcessor()
-	if processor == nil || !processor.IsRunning() {
-		// Fall back to non-batched version if processor is not running
-		return CGOAudioReadEncode(buffer)
-	}
-
-	return processor.BatchReadEncode(buffer)
-}
-
-// BatchCGOAudioDecodeWrite is a batched version of CGOAudioDecodeWrite
-func BatchCGOAudioDecodeWrite(buffer []byte) (int, error) {
-	processor := GetBatchAudioProcessor()
-	if processor == nil || !processor.IsRunning() {
-		// Fall back to non-batched version if processor is not running
-		return CGOAudioDecodeWriteLegacy(buffer)
-	}
-
-	return processor.BatchDecodeWrite(buffer)
-}
-
-// BatchCGOAudioDecodeWriteWithBuffers is a batched version of CGOAudioDecodeWrite that uses separate opus and PCM buffers
-func BatchCGOAudioDecodeWriteWithBuffers(opusData []byte, pcmBuffer []byte) (int, error) {
-	processor := GetBatchAudioProcessor()
-	if processor == nil || !processor.IsRunning() {
-		// Fall back to non-batched version if processor is not running
-		return CGOAudioDecodeWrite(opusData, pcmBuffer)
-	}
-
-	return processor.BatchDecodeWriteWithBuffers(opusData, pcmBuffer)
-}

internal/audio/batch_reference.go

@@ -1,331 +0,0 @@
-//go:build cgo
-
-package audio
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"unsafe"
-)
-
-// BatchReferenceManager handles batch reference counting operations
-// to reduce atomic operation overhead for high-frequency frame operations
-type BatchReferenceManager struct {
-	// Batch operations queue
-	batchQueue chan batchRefOperation
-	workerPool chan struct{} // Worker pool semaphore
-	running    int32
-	wg         sync.WaitGroup
-
-	// Statistics
-	batchedOps   int64
-	singleOps    int64
-	batchSavings int64 // Number of atomic operations saved
-}
-
-type batchRefOperation struct {
-	frames    []*ZeroCopyAudioFrame
-	operation refOperationType
-	resultCh  chan batchRefResult
-}
-
-type refOperationType int
-
-const (
-	refOpAddRef refOperationType = iota
-	refOpRelease
-	refOpMixed // For operations with mixed AddRef/Release
-)
-
-// Errors
-var (
-	ErrUnsupportedOperation = errors.New("unsupported batch reference operation")
-)
-
-type batchRefResult struct {
-	finalReleases []bool // For Release operations, indicates which frames had final release
-	err           error
-}
-
-// Global batch reference manager
-var (
-	globalBatchRefManager *BatchReferenceManager
-	batchRefOnce          sync.Once
-)
-
-// GetBatchReferenceManager returns the global batch reference manager
-func GetBatchReferenceManager() *BatchReferenceManager {
-	batchRefOnce.Do(func() {
-		globalBatchRefManager = NewBatchReferenceManager()
-		globalBatchRefManager.Start()
-	})
-	return globalBatchRefManager
-}
-
-// NewBatchReferenceManager creates a new batch reference manager
-func NewBatchReferenceManager() *BatchReferenceManager {
-	return &BatchReferenceManager{
-		batchQueue: make(chan batchRefOperation, 256), // Buffered for high throughput
-		workerPool: make(chan struct{}, 4),            // 4 workers for parallel processing
-	}
-}
-
-// Start starts the batch reference manager workers
-func (brm *BatchReferenceManager) Start() {
-	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&brm.running, 0, 1) {
-		return // Already running
-	}
-
-	// Start worker goroutines
-	for i := 0; i < cap(brm.workerPool); i++ {
-		brm.wg.Add(1)
-		go brm.worker()
-	}
-}
-
-// Stop stops the batch reference manager
-func (brm *BatchReferenceManager) Stop() {
-	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&brm.running, 1, 0) {
-		return // Already stopped
-	}
-
-	close(brm.batchQueue)
-	brm.wg.Wait()
-}
-
-// worker processes batch reference operations
-func (brm *BatchReferenceManager) worker() {
-	defer brm.wg.Done()
-
-	for op := range brm.batchQueue {
-		brm.processBatchOperation(op)
-	}
-}
-
-// processBatchOperation processes a batch of reference operations
-func (brm *BatchReferenceManager) processBatchOperation(op batchRefOperation) {
-	result := batchRefResult{}
-
-	switch op.operation {
-	case refOpAddRef:
-		// Batch AddRef operations
-		for _, frame := range op.frames {
-			if frame != nil {
-				atomic.AddInt32(&frame.refCount, 1)
-			}
-		}
-		atomic.AddInt64(&brm.batchedOps, int64(len(op.frames)))
-		atomic.AddInt64(&brm.batchSavings, int64(len(op.frames)-1)) // Saved ops vs individual calls
-
-	case refOpRelease:
-		// Batch Release operations
-		result.finalReleases = make([]bool, len(op.frames))
-		for i, frame := range op.frames {
-			if frame != nil {
-				newCount := atomic.AddInt32(&frame.refCount, -1)
-				if newCount == 0 {
-					result.finalReleases[i] = true
-					// Return to pool if pooled
-					if frame.pooled {
-						globalZeroCopyPool.Put(frame)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		atomic.AddInt64(&brm.batchedOps, int64(len(op.frames)))
-		atomic.AddInt64(&brm.batchSavings, int64(len(op.frames)-1))
-
-	case refOpMixed:
-		// Handle mixed operations (not implemented in this version)
-		result.err = ErrUnsupportedOperation
-	}
-
-	// Send result back
-	if op.resultCh != nil {
-		op.resultCh <- result
-		close(op.resultCh)
-	}
-}
-
-// BatchAddRef performs AddRef on multiple frames in a single batch
-func (brm *BatchReferenceManager) BatchAddRef(frames []*ZeroCopyAudioFrame) error {
-	if len(frames) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// For small batches, use direct operations to avoid overhead
-	if len(frames) <= 2 {
-		for _, frame := range frames {
-			if frame != nil {
-				frame.AddRef()
-			}
-		}
-		atomic.AddInt64(&brm.singleOps, int64(len(frames)))
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Use batch processing for larger sets
-	if atomic.LoadInt32(&brm.running) == 0 {
-		// Fallback to individual operations if batch manager not running
-		for _, frame := range frames {
-			if frame != nil {
-				frame.AddRef()
-			}
-		}
-		atomic.AddInt64(&brm.singleOps, int64(len(frames)))
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	resultCh := make(chan batchRefResult, 1)
-	op := batchRefOperation{
-		frames:    frames,
-		operation: refOpAddRef,
-		resultCh:  resultCh,
-	}
-
-	select {
-	case brm.batchQueue <- op:
-		// Wait for completion
-		<-resultCh
-		return nil
-	default:
-		// Queue full, fallback to individual operations
-		for _, frame := range frames {
-			if frame != nil {
-				frame.AddRef()
-			}
-		}
-		atomic.AddInt64(&brm.singleOps, int64(len(frames)))
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-// BatchRelease performs Release on multiple frames in a single batch
-// Returns a slice indicating which frames had their final reference released
-func (brm *BatchReferenceManager) BatchRelease(frames []*ZeroCopyAudioFrame) ([]bool, error) {
-	if len(frames) == 0 {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	// For small batches, use direct operations
-	if len(frames) <= 2 {
-		finalReleases := make([]bool, len(frames))
-		for i, frame := range frames {
-			if frame != nil {
-				finalReleases[i] = frame.Release()
-			}
-		}
-		atomic.AddInt64(&brm.singleOps, int64(len(frames)))
-		return finalReleases, nil
-	}
-
-	// Use batch processing for larger sets
-	if atomic.LoadInt32(&brm.running) == 0 {
-		// Fallback to individual operations
-		finalReleases := make([]bool, len(frames))
-		for i, frame := range frames {
-			if frame != nil {
-				finalReleases[i] = frame.Release()
-			}
-		}
-		atomic.AddInt64(&brm.singleOps, int64(len(frames)))
-		return finalReleases, nil
-	}
-
-	resultCh := make(chan batchRefResult, 1)
-	op := batchRefOperation{
-		frames:    frames,
-		operation: refOpRelease,
-		resultCh:  resultCh,
-	}
-
-	select {
-	case brm.batchQueue <- op:
-		// Wait for completion
-		result := <-resultCh
-		return result.finalReleases, result.err
-	default:
-		// Queue full, fallback to individual operations
-		finalReleases := make([]bool, len(frames))
-		for i, frame := range frames {
-			if frame != nil {
-				finalReleases[i] = frame.Release()
-			}
-		}
-		atomic.AddInt64(&brm.singleOps, int64(len(frames)))
-		return finalReleases, nil
-	}
-}
-
-// GetStats returns batch reference counting statistics
-func (brm *BatchReferenceManager) GetStats() (batchedOps, singleOps, savings int64) {
-	return atomic.LoadInt64(&brm.batchedOps),
-		atomic.LoadInt64(&brm.singleOps),
-		atomic.LoadInt64(&brm.batchSavings)
-}
-
-// Convenience functions for global batch reference manager
-
-// BatchAddRefFrames performs batch AddRef on multiple frames
-func BatchAddRefFrames(frames []*ZeroCopyAudioFrame) error {
-	return GetBatchReferenceManager().BatchAddRef(frames)
-}
-
-// BatchReleaseFrames performs batch Release on multiple frames
-func BatchReleaseFrames(frames []*ZeroCopyAudioFrame) ([]bool, error) {
-	return GetBatchReferenceManager().BatchRelease(frames)
-}
-
-// GetBatchReferenceStats returns global batch reference statistics
-func GetBatchReferenceStats() (batchedOps, singleOps, savings int64) {
-	return GetBatchReferenceManager().GetStats()
-}
-
-// ZeroCopyFrameSlice provides utilities for working with slices of zero-copy frames
-type ZeroCopyFrameSlice []*ZeroCopyAudioFrame
-
-// AddRefAll performs batch AddRef on all frames in the slice
-func (zfs ZeroCopyFrameSlice) AddRefAll() error {
-	return BatchAddRefFrames(zfs)
-}
-
-// ReleaseAll performs batch Release on all frames in the slice
-func (zfs ZeroCopyFrameSlice) ReleaseAll() ([]bool, error) {
-	return BatchReleaseFrames(zfs)
-}
-
-// FilterNonNil returns a new slice with only non-nil frames
-func (zfs ZeroCopyFrameSlice) FilterNonNil() ZeroCopyFrameSlice {
-	filtered := make(ZeroCopyFrameSlice, 0, len(zfs))
-	for _, frame := range zfs {
-		if frame != nil {
-			filtered = append(filtered, frame)
-		}
-	}
-	return filtered
-}
-
-// Len returns the number of frames in the slice
-func (zfs ZeroCopyFrameSlice) Len() int {
-	return len(zfs)
-}
-
-// Get returns the frame at the specified index
-func (zfs ZeroCopyFrameSlice) Get(index int) *ZeroCopyAudioFrame {
-	if index < 0 || index >= len(zfs) {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return zfs[index]
-}
-
-// UnsafePointers returns unsafe pointers for all frames (for CGO batch operations)
-func (zfs ZeroCopyFrameSlice) UnsafePointers() []unsafe.Pointer {
-	pointers := make([]unsafe.Pointer, len(zfs))
-	for i, frame := range zfs {
-		if frame != nil {
-			pointers[i] = frame.UnsafePointer()
-		}
-	}
-	return pointers
-}

internal/audio/batch_zero_copy.go

@@ -1,415 +0,0 @@
-//go:build cgo
-
-package audio
-
-import (
-	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"time"
-)
-
-// BatchZeroCopyProcessor handles batch operations on zero-copy audio frames
-// with optimized reference counting and memory management
-type BatchZeroCopyProcessor struct {
-	// Configuration
-	maxBatchSize      int
-	batchTimeout      time.Duration
-	processingDelay   time.Duration
-	adaptiveThreshold float64
-
-	// Processing queues
-	readEncodeQueue  chan *batchZeroCopyRequest
-	decodeWriteQueue chan *batchZeroCopyRequest
-
-	// Worker management
-	workerPool chan struct{}
-	running    int32
-	wg         sync.WaitGroup
-
-	// Statistics
-	batchedFrames    int64
-	singleFrames     int64
-	batchSavings     int64
-	processingTimeUs int64
-	adaptiveHits     int64
-	adaptiveMisses   int64
-}
-
-type batchZeroCopyRequest struct {
-	frames    []*ZeroCopyAudioFrame
-	operation batchZeroCopyOperation
-	resultCh  chan batchZeroCopyResult
-	timestamp time.Time
-}
-
-type batchZeroCopyOperation int
-
-const (
-	batchOpReadEncode batchZeroCopyOperation = iota
-	batchOpDecodeWrite
-	batchOpMixed
-)
-
-type batchZeroCopyResult struct {
-	encodedData    [][]byte // For read-encode operations
-	processedCount int      // Number of successfully processed frames
-	err            error
-}
-
-// Global batch zero-copy processor
-var (
-	globalBatchZeroCopyProcessor *BatchZeroCopyProcessor
-	batchZeroCopyOnce            sync.Once
-)
-
-// GetBatchZeroCopyProcessor returns the global batch zero-copy processor
-func GetBatchZeroCopyProcessor() *BatchZeroCopyProcessor {
-	batchZeroCopyOnce.Do(func() {
-		globalBatchZeroCopyProcessor = NewBatchZeroCopyProcessor()
-		globalBatchZeroCopyProcessor.Start()
-	})
-	return globalBatchZeroCopyProcessor
-}
-
-// NewBatchZeroCopyProcessor creates a new batch zero-copy processor
-func NewBatchZeroCopyProcessor() *BatchZeroCopyProcessor {
-	cache := Config
-	return &BatchZeroCopyProcessor{
-		maxBatchSize:      cache.BatchProcessorFramesPerBatch,
-		batchTimeout:      cache.BatchProcessorTimeout,
-		processingDelay:   cache.BatchProcessingDelay,
-		adaptiveThreshold: cache.BatchProcessorAdaptiveThreshold,
-		readEncodeQueue:   make(chan *batchZeroCopyRequest, cache.BatchProcessorMaxQueueSize),
-		decodeWriteQueue:  make(chan *batchZeroCopyRequest, cache.BatchProcessorMaxQueueSize),
-		workerPool:        make(chan struct{}, 4), // 4 workers for parallel processing
-	}
-}
-
-// Start starts the batch zero-copy processor workers
-func (bzcp *BatchZeroCopyProcessor) Start() {
-	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&bzcp.running, 0, 1) {
-		return // Already running
-	}
-
-	// Start worker goroutines for read-encode operations
-	for i := 0; i < cap(bzcp.workerPool)/2; i++ {
-		bzcp.wg.Add(1)
-		go bzcp.readEncodeWorker()
-	}
-
-	// Start worker goroutines for decode-write operations
-	for i := 0; i < cap(bzcp.workerPool)/2; i++ {
-		bzcp.wg.Add(1)
-		go bzcp.decodeWriteWorker()
-	}
-}
-
-// Stop stops the batch zero-copy processor
-func (bzcp *BatchZeroCopyProcessor) Stop() {
-	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&bzcp.running, 1, 0) {
-		return // Already stopped
-	}
-
-	close(bzcp.readEncodeQueue)
-	close(bzcp.decodeWriteQueue)
-	bzcp.wg.Wait()
-}
-
-// readEncodeWorker processes batch read-encode operations
-func (bzcp *BatchZeroCopyProcessor) readEncodeWorker() {
-	defer bzcp.wg.Done()
-
-	for req := range bzcp.readEncodeQueue {
-		bzcp.processBatchReadEncode(req)
-	}
-}
-
-// decodeWriteWorker processes batch decode-write operations
-func (bzcp *BatchZeroCopyProcessor) decodeWriteWorker() {
-	defer bzcp.wg.Done()
-
-	for req := range bzcp.decodeWriteQueue {
-		bzcp.processBatchDecodeWrite(req)
-	}
-}
-
-// processBatchReadEncode processes a batch of read-encode operations
-func (bzcp *BatchZeroCopyProcessor) processBatchReadEncode(req *batchZeroCopyRequest) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-	result := batchZeroCopyResult{}
-
-	// Batch AddRef all frames first
-	err := BatchAddRefFrames(req.frames)
-	if err != nil {
-		result.err = err
-		if req.resultCh != nil {
-			req.resultCh <- result
-			close(req.resultCh)
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Process frames using existing batch read-encode logic
-	encodedData, err := BatchReadEncode(len(req.frames))
-	if err != nil {
-		// Batch release frames on error
-		if _, releaseErr := BatchReleaseFrames(req.frames); releaseErr != nil {
-			// Log release error but preserve original error
-			_ = releaseErr
-		}
-		result.err = err
-	} else {
-		result.encodedData = encodedData
-		result.processedCount = len(encodedData)
-		// Batch release frames after successful processing
-		if _, releaseErr := BatchReleaseFrames(req.frames); releaseErr != nil {
-			// Log release error but don't fail the operation
-			_ = releaseErr
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Update statistics
-	atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.batchedFrames, int64(len(req.frames)))
-	atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.batchSavings, int64(len(req.frames)-1))
-	atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.processingTimeUs, time.Since(startTime).Microseconds())
-
-	// Send result back
-	if req.resultCh != nil {
-		req.resultCh <- result
-		close(req.resultCh)
-	}
-}
-
-// processBatchDecodeWrite processes a batch of decode-write operations
-func (bzcp *BatchZeroCopyProcessor) processBatchDecodeWrite(req *batchZeroCopyRequest) {
-	startTime := time.Now()
-	result := batchZeroCopyResult{}
-
-	// Batch AddRef all frames first
-	err := BatchAddRefFrames(req.frames)
-	if err != nil {
-		result.err = err
-		if req.resultCh != nil {
-			req.resultCh <- result
-			close(req.resultCh)
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Extract data from zero-copy frames for batch processing
-	frameData := make([][]byte, len(req.frames))
-	for i, frame := range req.frames {
-		if frame != nil {
-			// Get data from zero-copy frame
-			frameData[i] = frame.Data()[:frame.Length()]
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Process frames using existing batch decode-write logic
-	err = BatchDecodeWrite(frameData)
-	if err != nil {
-		result.err = err
-	} else {
-		result.processedCount = len(req.frames)
-	}
-
-	// Batch release frames
-	if _, releaseErr := BatchReleaseFrames(req.frames); releaseErr != nil {
-		// Log release error but don't override processing error
-		_ = releaseErr
-	}
-
-	// Update statistics
-	atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.batchedFrames, int64(len(req.frames)))
-	atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.batchSavings, int64(len(req.frames)-1))
-	atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.processingTimeUs, time.Since(startTime).Microseconds())
-
-	// Send result back
-	if req.resultCh != nil {
-		req.resultCh <- result
-		close(req.resultCh)
-	}
-}
-
-// BatchReadEncodeZeroCopy performs batch read-encode on zero-copy frames
-func (bzcp *BatchZeroCopyProcessor) BatchReadEncodeZeroCopy(frames []*ZeroCopyAudioFrame) ([][]byte, error) {
-	if len(frames) == 0 {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	// For small batches, use direct operations to avoid overhead
-	if len(frames) <= 2 {
-		atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.singleFrames, int64(len(frames)))
-		return bzcp.processSingleReadEncode(frames)
-	}
-
-	// Use adaptive threshold to determine batch vs single processing
-	batchedFrames := atomic.LoadInt64(&bzcp.batchedFrames)
-	singleFrames := atomic.LoadInt64(&bzcp.singleFrames)
-	totalFrames := batchedFrames + singleFrames
-
-	if totalFrames > 100 { // Only apply adaptive logic after some samples
-		batchRatio := float64(batchedFrames) / float64(totalFrames)
-		if batchRatio < bzcp.adaptiveThreshold {
-			// Batch processing not effective, use single processing
-			atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.adaptiveMisses, 1)
-			atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.singleFrames, int64(len(frames)))
-			return bzcp.processSingleReadEncode(frames)
-		}
-		atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.adaptiveHits, 1)
-	}
-
-	// Use batch processing
-	if atomic.LoadInt32(&bzcp.running) == 0 {
-		// Fallback to single processing if batch processor not running
-		atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.singleFrames, int64(len(frames)))
-		return bzcp.processSingleReadEncode(frames)
-	}
-
-	resultCh := make(chan batchZeroCopyResult, 1)
-	req := &batchZeroCopyRequest{
-		frames:    frames,
-		operation: batchOpReadEncode,
-		resultCh:  resultCh,
-		timestamp: time.Now(),
-	}
-
-	select {
-	case bzcp.readEncodeQueue <- req:
-		// Wait for completion
-		result := <-resultCh
-		return result.encodedData, result.err
-	default:
-		// Queue full, fallback to single processing
-		atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.singleFrames, int64(len(frames)))
-		return bzcp.processSingleReadEncode(frames)
-	}
-}
-
-// BatchDecodeWriteZeroCopy performs batch decode-write on zero-copy frames
-func (bzcp *BatchZeroCopyProcessor) BatchDecodeWriteZeroCopy(frames []*ZeroCopyAudioFrame) error {
-	if len(frames) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// For small batches, use direct operations
-	if len(frames) <= 2 {
-		atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.singleFrames, int64(len(frames)))
-		return bzcp.processSingleDecodeWrite(frames)
-	}
-
-	// Use adaptive threshold
-	batchedFrames := atomic.LoadInt64(&bzcp.batchedFrames)
-	singleFrames := atomic.LoadInt64(&bzcp.singleFrames)
-	totalFrames := batchedFrames + singleFrames
-
-	if totalFrames > 100 {
-		batchRatio := float64(batchedFrames) / float64(totalFrames)
-		if batchRatio < bzcp.adaptiveThreshold {
-			atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.adaptiveMisses, 1)
-			atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.singleFrames, int64(len(frames)))
-			return bzcp.processSingleDecodeWrite(frames)
-		}
-		atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.adaptiveHits, 1)
-	}
-
-	// Use batch processing
-	if atomic.LoadInt32(&bzcp.running) == 0 {
-		atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.singleFrames, int64(len(frames)))
-		return bzcp.processSingleDecodeWrite(frames)
-	}
-
-	resultCh := make(chan batchZeroCopyResult, 1)
-	req := &batchZeroCopyRequest{
-		frames:    frames,
-		operation: batchOpDecodeWrite,
-		resultCh:  resultCh,
-		timestamp: time.Now(),
-	}
-
-	select {
-	case bzcp.decodeWriteQueue <- req:
-		// Wait for completion
-		result := <-resultCh
-		return result.err
-	default:
-		// Queue full, fallback to single processing
-		atomic.AddInt64(&bzcp.singleFrames, int64(len(frames)))
-		return bzcp.processSingleDecodeWrite(frames)
-	}
-}
-
-// processSingleReadEncode processes frames individually for read-encode
-func (bzcp *BatchZeroCopyProcessor) processSingleReadEncode(frames []*ZeroCopyAudioFrame) ([][]byte, error) {
-	// Extract data and use existing batch processing
-	frameData := make([][]byte, 0, len(frames))
-	for _, frame := range frames {
-		if frame != nil {
-			frame.AddRef()
-			frameData = append(frameData, frame.Data()[:frame.Length()])
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Use existing batch read-encode
-	result, err := BatchReadEncode(len(frameData))
-
-	// Release frames
-	for _, frame := range frames {
-		if frame != nil {
-			frame.Release()
-		}
-	}
-
-	return result, err
-}
-
-// processSingleDecodeWrite processes frames individually for decode-write
-func (bzcp *BatchZeroCopyProcessor) processSingleDecodeWrite(frames []*ZeroCopyAudioFrame) error {
-	// Extract data and use existing batch processing
-	frameData := make([][]byte, 0, len(frames))
-	for _, frame := range frames {
-		if frame != nil {
-			frame.AddRef()
-			frameData = append(frameData, frame.Data()[:frame.Length()])
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Use existing batch decode-write
-	err := BatchDecodeWrite(frameData)
-
-	// Release frames
-	for _, frame := range frames {
-		if frame != nil {
-			frame.Release()
-		}
-	}
-
-	return err
-}
-
-// GetBatchZeroCopyStats returns batch zero-copy processing statistics
-func (bzcp *BatchZeroCopyProcessor) GetBatchZeroCopyStats() (batchedFrames, singleFrames, savings, processingTimeUs, adaptiveHits, adaptiveMisses int64) {
-	return atomic.LoadInt64(&bzcp.batchedFrames),
-		atomic.LoadInt64(&bzcp.singleFrames),
-		atomic.LoadInt64(&bzcp.batchSavings),
-		atomic.LoadInt64(&bzcp.processingTimeUs),
-		atomic.LoadInt64(&bzcp.adaptiveHits),
-		atomic.LoadInt64(&bzcp.adaptiveMisses)
-}
-
-// Convenience functions for global batch zero-copy processor
-
-// BatchReadEncodeZeroCopyFrames performs batch read-encode on zero-copy frames
-func BatchReadEncodeZeroCopyFrames(frames []*ZeroCopyAudioFrame) ([][]byte, error) {
-	return GetBatchZeroCopyProcessor().BatchReadEncodeZeroCopy(frames)
-}
-
-// BatchDecodeWriteZeroCopyFrames performs batch decode-write on zero-copy frames
-func BatchDecodeWriteZeroCopyFrames(frames []*ZeroCopyAudioFrame) error {
-	return GetBatchZeroCopyProcessor().BatchDecodeWriteZeroCopy(frames)
-}
-
-// GetGlobalBatchZeroCopyStats returns global batch zero-copy processing statistics
-func GetGlobalBatchZeroCopyStats() (batchedFrames, singleFrames, savings, processingTimeUs, adaptiveHits, adaptiveMisses int64) {
-	return GetBatchZeroCopyProcessor().GetBatchZeroCopyStats()
-}

internal/audio/cgo_audio.go

@@ -5,10 +5,15 @@ package audio
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/jetkvm/kvm/internal/logging"
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
 )
 
 /*
@@ -19,9 +24,7 @@ import (
 */
 import "C"
 
-// Optimized Go wrappers with reduced overhead
 var (
-	// Base error types for wrapping with context
 	errAudioInitFailed   = errors.New("failed to init ALSA/Opus")
 	errAudioReadEncode   = errors.New("audio read/encode error")
 	errAudioDecodeWrite  = errors.New("audio decode/write error")
@@ -91,6 +94,30 @@ func cgoAudioInit() error {
 	cache := GetCachedConfig()
 	cache.Update()
 
+	// Enable C trace logging if Go audio scope trace level is active
+
+	// Enable C trace logging if Go audio scope trace level is active
+	audioLogger := logging.GetSubsystemLogger("audio")
+	loggerTraceEnabled := audioLogger.GetLevel() <= zerolog.TraceLevel
+
+	// Manual check for audio scope in PION_LOG_TRACE (workaround for logging system bug)
+	manualTraceEnabled := false
+	pionTrace := os.Getenv("PION_LOG_TRACE")
+	if pionTrace != "" {
+		scopes := strings.Split(strings.ToLower(pionTrace), ",")
+		for _, scope := range scopes {
+			if strings.TrimSpace(scope) == "audio" {
+				manualTraceEnabled = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Use manual check as fallback if logging system fails
+	traceEnabled := loggerTraceEnabled || manualTraceEnabled
+
+	CGOSetTraceLogging(traceEnabled)
+
 	// Update C constants from cached config (atomic access, no locks)
 	C.update_audio_constants(
 		C.int(cache.opusBitrate.Load()),
@@ -110,7 +137,7 @@ func cgoAudioInit() error {
 		C.int(Config.CGOMaxBackoffMicroseconds),
 	)
 
-	result := C.jetkvm_audio_init()
+	result := C.jetkvm_audio_capture_init()
 	if result != 0 {
 		return newAudioInitError(int(result))
 	}
@@ -161,16 +188,6 @@ type AudioConfigCache struct {
 	inputProcessingTimeoutMS atomic.Int32
 	maxRestartAttempts       atomic.Int32
 
-	// Batch processing related values
-	BatchProcessingTimeout               time.Duration
-	BatchProcessorFramesPerBatch         int
-	BatchProcessorTimeout                time.Duration
-	BatchProcessingDelay                 time.Duration
-	MinBatchSizeForThreadPinning         int
-	BatchProcessorMaxQueueSize           int
-	BatchProcessorAdaptiveThreshold      float64
-	BatchProcessorThreadPinningThreshold int
-
 	// Mutex for updating the cache
 	mutex       sync.RWMutex
 	lastUpdate  time.Time
@@ -184,7 +201,7 @@ type AudioConfigCache struct {
 
 // Global audio config cache instance
 var globalAudioConfigCache = &AudioConfigCache{
-	cacheExpiry: 30 * time.Second, // Increased from 10s to 30s to further reduce cache updates
+	cacheExpiry: 30 * time.Second,
 }
 
 // GetCachedConfig returns the global audio config cache instance
@@ -234,16 +251,6 @@ func (c *AudioConfigCache) Update() {
 		c.minOpusBitrate.Store(int32(Config.MinOpusBitrate))
 		c.maxOpusBitrate.Store(int32(Config.MaxOpusBitrate))
 
-		// Update batch processing related values
-		c.BatchProcessingTimeout = 100 * time.Millisecond // Fixed timeout for batch processing
-		c.BatchProcessorFramesPerBatch = Config.BatchProcessorFramesPerBatch
-		c.BatchProcessorTimeout = Config.BatchProcessorTimeout
-		c.BatchProcessingDelay = Config.BatchProcessingDelay
-		c.MinBatchSizeForThreadPinning = Config.MinBatchSizeForThreadPinning
-		c.BatchProcessorMaxQueueSize = Config.BatchProcessorMaxQueueSize
-		c.BatchProcessorAdaptiveThreshold = Config.BatchProcessorAdaptiveThreshold
-		c.BatchProcessorThreadPinningThreshold = Config.BatchProcessorThreadPinningThreshold
-
 		// Pre-allocate common errors
 		c.bufferTooSmallReadEncode = newBufferTooSmallError(0, Config.MinReadEncodeBuffer)
 		c.bufferTooLargeDecodeWrite = newBufferTooLargeError(Config.MaxDecodeWriteBuffer+1, Config.MaxDecodeWriteBuffer)
@@ -251,6 +258,9 @@ func (c *AudioConfigCache) Update() {
 		c.lastUpdate = time.Now()
 		c.initialized.Store(true)
 
+		c.lastUpdate = time.Now()
+		c.initialized.Store(true)
+
 		// Update the global validation cache as well
 		if cachedMaxFrameSize != 0 {
 			cachedMaxFrameSize = Config.MaxAudioFrameSize
@@ -288,8 +298,6 @@ func (c *AudioConfigCache) GetBufferTooLargeError() error {
 	return c.bufferTooLargeDecodeWrite
 }
 
-// Removed duplicate config caching system - using AudioConfigCache instead
-
 // updateCacheIfNeeded updates cache only if expired to avoid overhead
 func updateCacheIfNeeded(cache *AudioConfigCache) {
 	if cache.initialized.Load() {
@@ -335,6 +343,10 @@ func cgoAudioPlaybackInit() error {
 	cache := GetCachedConfig()
 	cache.Update()
 
+	// Enable C trace logging if Go audio scope trace level is active
+	audioLogger := logging.GetSubsystemLogger("audio")
+	CGOSetTraceLogging(audioLogger.GetLevel() <= zerolog.TraceLevel)
+
 	// No need to update C constants here as they're already set in cgoAudioInit
 
 	ret := C.jetkvm_audio_playback_init()
@@ -348,9 +360,44 @@ func cgoAudioPlaybackClose() {
 	C.jetkvm_audio_playback_close()
 }
 
+// Audio decode/write metrics for monitoring USB Gadget audio success
+var (
+	audioDecodeWriteTotal     atomic.Int64
+	audioDecodeWriteSuccess   atomic.Int64
+	audioDecodeWriteFailures  atomic.Int64
+	audioDecodeWriteRecovery  atomic.Int64
+	audioDecodeWriteLastError atomic.Value
+	audioDecodeWriteLastTime  atomic.Int64
+)
+
+// GetAudioDecodeWriteStats returns current audio decode/write statistics
+func GetAudioDecodeWriteStats() (total, success, failures, recovery int64, lastError string, lastTime time.Time) {
+	total = audioDecodeWriteTotal.Load()
+	success = audioDecodeWriteSuccess.Load()
+	failures = audioDecodeWriteFailures.Load()
+	recovery = audioDecodeWriteRecovery.Load()
+
+	if err := audioDecodeWriteLastError.Load(); err != nil {
+		lastError = err.(string)
+	}
+
+	lastTimeNano := audioDecodeWriteLastTime.Load()
+	if lastTimeNano > 0 {
+		lastTime = time.Unix(0, lastTimeNano)
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
 func cgoAudioDecodeWrite(buf []byte) (int, error) {
+	start := time.Now()
+	audioDecodeWriteTotal.Add(1)
+	audioDecodeWriteLastTime.Store(start.UnixNano())
+
 	// Minimal validation - assume caller provides correct size
 	if len(buf) == 0 {
+		audioDecodeWriteFailures.Add(1)
+		audioDecodeWriteLastError.Store("empty buffer")
 		return 0, errEmptyBuffer
 	}
 
@@ -359,14 +406,31 @@ func cgoAudioDecodeWrite(buf []byte) (int, error) {
 
 	// Fast path for success
 	if n >= 0 {
+		audioDecodeWriteSuccess.Add(1)
 		return n, nil
 	}
 
 	// Error handling with static errors
-	if n == -1 {
+	audioDecodeWriteFailures.Add(1)
-		return 0, errAudioInitFailed
+	var errMsg string
+	var err error
+
+	switch n {
+	case -1:
+		errMsg = "audio system not initialized"
+		err = errAudioInitFailed
+	case -2:
+		errMsg = "audio device error or recovery failed"
+		err = errAudioDecodeWrite
+		audioDecodeWriteRecovery.Add(1)
+	default:
+		errMsg = fmt.Sprintf("unknown error code %d", n)
+		err = errAudioDecodeWrite
 	}
-	return 0, errAudioDecodeWrite
+
+	audioDecodeWriteLastError.Store(errMsg)
+
+	return 0, err
 }
 
 // updateOpusEncoderParams dynamically updates OPUS encoder parameters
@@ -388,7 +452,9 @@ func updateOpusEncoderParams(bitrate, complexity, vbr, vbrConstraint, signalType
 
 // Buffer pool for reusing buffers in CGO functions
 var (
-	// Using SizedBufferPool for better memory management
+	// Simple buffer pool for PCM data
+	pcmBufferPool = NewAudioBufferPool(Config.MaxPCMBufferSize)
+
 	// Track buffer pool usage
 	cgoBufferPoolGets atomic.Int64
 	cgoBufferPoolPuts atomic.Int64
@@ -396,19 +462,19 @@ var (
 	batchProcessingCount atomic.Int64
 	batchFrameCount      atomic.Int64
 	batchProcessingTime  atomic.Int64
-	// Batch time tracking removed
 )
 
 // GetBufferFromPool gets a buffer from the pool with at least the specified capacity
 func GetBufferFromPool(minCapacity int) []byte {
 	cgoBufferPoolGets.Add(1)
-	return GetOptimalBuffer(minCapacity)
+	// Use simple fixed-size buffer for PCM data
+	return pcmBufferPool.Get()
 }
 
 // ReturnBufferToPool returns a buffer to the pool
 func ReturnBufferToPool(buf []byte) {
 	cgoBufferPoolPuts.Add(1)
-	ReturnOptimalBuffer(buf)
+	pcmBufferPool.Put(buf)
 }
 
 // ReadEncodeWithPooledBuffer reads audio data and encodes it using a buffer from the pool
@@ -451,125 +517,6 @@ func DecodeWriteWithPooledBuffer(data []byte) (int, error) {
 	return CGOAudioDecodeWrite(data, pcmBuffer)
 }
 
-// BatchReadEncode reads and encodes multiple audio frames in a single batch
-// with optimized zero-copy frame management and batch reference counting
-func BatchReadEncode(batchSize int) ([][]byte, error) {
-	// Simple batch processing without complex overhead
-	frames := make([][]byte, 0, batchSize)
-	frameSize := 4096 // Fixed frame size for performance
-
-	for i := 0; i < batchSize; i++ {
-		buf := make([]byte, frameSize)
-		n, err := cgoAudioReadEncode(buf)
-		if err != nil {
-			if i > 0 {
-				return frames, nil // Return partial batch
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		if n > 0 {
-			frames = append(frames, buf[:n])
-		}
-	}
-
-	return frames, nil
-}
-
-// BatchDecodeWrite decodes and writes multiple audio frames in a single batch
-// This reduces CGO call overhead by processing multiple frames at once
-// with optimized zero-copy frame management and batch reference counting
-func BatchDecodeWrite(frames [][]byte) error {
-	// Validate input
-	if len(frames) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Convert to zero-copy frames for optimized processing
-	zeroCopyFrames := make([]*ZeroCopyAudioFrame, 0, len(frames))
-	for _, frameData := range frames {
-		if len(frameData) > 0 {
-			frame := GetZeroCopyFrame()
-			frame.SetDataDirect(frameData) // Direct assignment without copy
-			zeroCopyFrames = append(zeroCopyFrames, frame)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Use batch reference counting for efficient management
-	if len(zeroCopyFrames) > 0 {
-		// Batch AddRef all frames at once
-		err := BatchAddRefFrames(zeroCopyFrames)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		// Ensure cleanup with batch release
-		defer func() {
-			if _, err := BatchReleaseFrames(zeroCopyFrames); err != nil {
-				// Log release error but don't fail the operation
-				_ = err
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-
-	// Get cached config
-	cache := GetCachedConfig()
-	// Only update cache if expired - avoid unnecessary overhead
-	// Use proper locking to avoid race condition
-	if cache.initialized.Load() {
-		cache.mutex.RLock()
-		cacheExpired := time.Since(cache.lastUpdate) > cache.cacheExpiry
-		cache.mutex.RUnlock()
-		if cacheExpired {
-			cache.Update()
-		}
-	} else {
-		cache.Update()
-	}
-
-	// Track batch processing statistics - only if enabled
-	var startTime time.Time
-	// Batch time tracking removed
-	trackTime := false
-	if trackTime {
-		startTime = time.Now()
-	}
-	batchProcessingCount.Add(1)
-
-	// Get a PCM buffer from the pool for optimized decode-write
-	pcmBuffer := GetBufferFromPool(cache.GetMaxPCMBufferSize())
-	defer ReturnBufferToPool(pcmBuffer)
-
-	// Process each zero-copy frame with optimized batch processing
-	frameCount := 0
-	for _, zcFrame := range zeroCopyFrames {
-		// Get frame data from zero-copy frame
-		frameData := zcFrame.Data()[:zcFrame.Length()]
-		if len(frameData) == 0 {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// Process this frame using optimized implementation
-		_, err := CGOAudioDecodeWrite(frameData, pcmBuffer)
-		if err != nil {
-			// Update statistics before returning error
-			batchFrameCount.Add(int64(frameCount))
-			if trackTime {
-				batchProcessingTime.Add(time.Since(startTime).Microseconds())
-			}
-			return err
-		}
-
-		frameCount++
-	}
-
-	// Update statistics
-	batchFrameCount.Add(int64(frameCount))
-	if trackTime {
-		batchProcessingTime.Add(time.Since(startTime).Microseconds())
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 // GetBatchProcessingStats returns statistics about batch processing
 func GetBatchProcessingStats() (count, frames, avgTimeUs int64) {
 	count = batchProcessingCount.Load()
@@ -587,11 +534,19 @@ func GetBatchProcessingStats() (count, frames, avgTimeUs int64) {
 // cgoAudioDecodeWriteWithBuffers decodes opus data and writes to PCM buffer
 // This implementation uses separate buffers for opus data and PCM output
 func cgoAudioDecodeWriteWithBuffers(opusData []byte, pcmBuffer []byte) (int, error) {
+	start := time.Now()
+	audioDecodeWriteTotal.Add(1)
+	audioDecodeWriteLastTime.Store(start.UnixNano())
+
 	// Validate input
 	if len(opusData) == 0 {
+		audioDecodeWriteFailures.Add(1)
+		audioDecodeWriteLastError.Store("empty opus data")
 		return 0, errEmptyBuffer
 	}
-	if len(pcmBuffer) == 0 {
+	if cap(pcmBuffer) == 0 {
+		audioDecodeWriteFailures.Add(1)
+		audioDecodeWriteLastError.Store("empty pcm buffer capacity")
 		return 0, errEmptyBuffer
 	}
 
@@ -613,39 +568,67 @@ func cgoAudioDecodeWriteWithBuffers(opusData []byte, pcmBuffer []byte) (int, err
 	// Ensure data doesn't exceed max packet size
 	maxPacketSize := cache.GetMaxPacketSize()
 	if len(opusData) > maxPacketSize {
+		audioDecodeWriteFailures.Add(1)
+		errMsg := fmt.Sprintf("opus packet too large: %d > %d", len(opusData), maxPacketSize)
+		audioDecodeWriteLastError.Store(errMsg)
 		return 0, newBufferTooLargeError(len(opusData), maxPacketSize)
 	}
 
+	// Metrics tracking only - detailed logging handled at application level
+
 	// Direct CGO call with minimal overhead - unsafe.Pointer(&slice[0]) is never nil for non-empty slices
 	n := int(C.jetkvm_audio_decode_write(unsafe.Pointer(&opusData[0]), C.int(len(opusData))))
 
 	// Fast path for success case
 	if n >= 0 {
+		audioDecodeWriteSuccess.Add(1)
 		return n, nil
 	}
 
 	// Handle error cases with static error codes to reduce allocations
+	audioDecodeWriteFailures.Add(1)
+	var errMsg string
+	var err error
+
 	switch n {
 	case -1:
-		return 0, errAudioInitFailed
+		errMsg = "audio system not initialized"
+		err = errAudioInitFailed
 	case -2:
-		return 0, errAudioDecodeWrite
+		errMsg = "audio device error or recovery failed"
+		err = errAudioDecodeWrite
+		audioDecodeWriteRecovery.Add(1)
 	default:
-		return 0, newAudioDecodeWriteError(n)
+		errMsg = fmt.Sprintf("unknown error code %d", n)
+		err = newAudioDecodeWriteError(n)
 	}
+
+	audioDecodeWriteLastError.Store(errMsg)
+
+	return 0, err
 }
 
 // Optimized CGO function aliases - use direct function calls to reduce overhead
 // These are now direct function aliases instead of variable assignments
-func CGOAudioInit() error                               { return cgoAudioInit() }
+func CGOAudioInit() error                        { return cgoAudioInit() }
-func CGOAudioClose()                                    { cgoAudioClose() }
+func CGOAudioClose()                             { cgoAudioClose() }
-func CGOAudioReadEncode(buf []byte) (int, error)        { return cgoAudioReadEncode(buf) }
+func CGOAudioReadEncode(buf []byte) (int, error) { return cgoAudioReadEncode(buf) }
-func CGOAudioPlaybackInit() error                       { return cgoAudioPlaybackInit() }
+func CGOAudioPlaybackInit() error                { return cgoAudioPlaybackInit() }
-func CGOAudioPlaybackClose()                            { cgoAudioPlaybackClose() }
+func CGOAudioPlaybackClose()                     { cgoAudioPlaybackClose() }
-func CGOAudioDecodeWriteLegacy(buf []byte) (int, error) { return cgoAudioDecodeWrite(buf) }
+
 func CGOAudioDecodeWrite(opusData []byte, pcmBuffer []byte) (int, error) {
 	return cgoAudioDecodeWriteWithBuffers(opusData, pcmBuffer)
 }
 func CGOUpdateOpusEncoderParams(bitrate, complexity, vbr, vbrConstraint, signalType, bandwidth, dtx int) error {
 	return updateOpusEncoderParams(bitrate, complexity, vbr, vbrConstraint, signalType, bandwidth, dtx)
 }
+
+func CGOSetTraceLogging(enabled bool) {
+	var cEnabled C.int
+	if enabled {
+		cEnabled = 1
+	} else {
+		cEnabled = 0
+	}
+	C.set_trace_logging(cEnabled)
+}

internal/audio/core_config.go

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-package audio
-
-import "time"
-
-// GetMetricsUpdateInterval returns the current metrics update interval from centralized config
-func GetMetricsUpdateInterval() time.Duration {
-	return Config.MetricsUpdateInterval
-}
-
-// SetMetricsUpdateInterval sets the metrics update interval in centralized config
-func SetMetricsUpdateInterval(interval time.Duration) {
-	config := Config
-	config.MetricsUpdateInterval = interval
-	UpdateConfig(config)
-}

internal/audio/core_config_constants.go

@@ -152,11 +152,6 @@ type AudioConfigConstants struct {
 	MemoryFactor           float64
 	LatencyFactor          float64
 
-	// Adaptive Buffer Configuration
-	AdaptiveMinBufferSize     int // Minimum buffer size in frames for adaptive buffering
-	AdaptiveMaxBufferSize     int // Maximum buffer size in frames for adaptive buffering
-	AdaptiveDefaultBufferSize int // Default buffer size in frames for adaptive buffering
-
 	// Timing Configuration
 	RetryDelay              time.Duration // Retry delay
 	MaxRetryDelay           time.Duration // Maximum retry delay
@@ -171,22 +166,17 @@ type AudioConfigConstants struct {
 	OutputSupervisorTimeout time.Duration // 5s
 	BatchProcessingDelay    time.Duration // 10ms
 
-	// Adaptive Buffer Configuration
+	// System threshold configuration for buffer management
-	// LowCPUThreshold defines CPU usage threshold for buffer size reduction.
+	LowCPUThreshold     float64       // CPU usage threshold for performance optimization
-	LowCPUThreshold float64 // 20% CPU threshold for buffer optimization
+	HighCPUThreshold    float64       // CPU usage threshold for performance limits
-
+	LowMemoryThreshold  float64       // 50% memory threshold
-	// HighCPUThreshold defines CPU usage threshold for buffer size increase.
+	HighMemoryThreshold float64       // 75% memory threshold
-	HighCPUThreshold            float64       // 60% CPU threshold
+	CooldownPeriod      time.Duration // 30s cooldown period
-	LowMemoryThreshold          float64       // 50% memory threshold
+	RollbackThreshold   time.Duration // 300ms rollback threshold
-	HighMemoryThreshold         float64       // 75% memory threshold
-	AdaptiveBufferTargetLatency time.Duration // 20ms target latency
-	CooldownPeriod              time.Duration // 30s cooldown period
-	RollbackThreshold           time.Duration // 300ms rollback threshold
 
 	MaxLatencyThreshold         time.Duration // 200ms max latency
 	JitterThreshold             time.Duration // 20ms jitter threshold
 	LatencyOptimizationInterval time.Duration // 5s optimization interval
-	LatencyAdaptiveThreshold    float64       // 0.8 adaptive threshold
 	MicContentionTimeout        time.Duration // 200ms contention timeout
 	PreallocPercentage          int           // 20% preallocation percentage
 	BackoffStart                time.Duration // 50ms initial backoff
@@ -199,7 +189,6 @@ type AudioConfigConstants struct {
 	PercentageMultiplier    float64 // Multiplier for percentage calculations (100.0)
 	AveragingWeight         float64 // Weight for weighted averaging (0.7)
 	ScalingFactor           float64 // General scaling factor (1.5)
-	SmoothingFactor         float64 // Smoothing factor for adaptive buffers (0.3)
 	CPUMemoryWeight         float64 // Weight for CPU factor in calculations (0.5)
 	MemoryWeight            float64 // Weight for memory factor (0.3)
 	LatencyWeight           float64 // Weight for latency factor (0.2)
@@ -213,32 +202,23 @@ type AudioConfigConstants struct {
 	CGOPCMBufferSize        int     // PCM buffer size for CGO audio processing
 	CGONanosecondsPerSecond float64 // Nanoseconds per second conversion
 
-	// Batch Processing Constants
-	BatchProcessorFramesPerBatch         int           // Frames processed per batch (4)
-	BatchProcessorTimeout                time.Duration // Batch processing timeout (5ms)
-	BatchProcessorMaxQueueSize           int           // Maximum batch queue size (16)
-	BatchProcessorAdaptiveThreshold      float64       // Adaptive batch sizing threshold (0.8)
-	BatchProcessorThreadPinningThreshold int           // Thread pinning threshold (8 frames)
-
 	// Output Streaming Constants
 	OutputStreamingFrameIntervalMS int // Output frame interval (20ms for 50 FPS)
 
 	// IPC Constants
 	IPCInitialBufferFrames int // Initial IPC buffer size (500 frames)
 
-	EventTimeoutSeconds            int
+	EventTimeoutSeconds      int
-	EventTimeFormatString          string
+	EventTimeFormatString    string
-	EventSubscriptionDelayMS       int
+	EventSubscriptionDelayMS int
-	InputProcessingTimeoutMS       int
+	InputProcessingTimeoutMS int
-	AdaptiveBufferCPUMultiplier    int
+	InputSocketName          string
-	AdaptiveBufferMemoryMultiplier int
+	OutputSocketName         string
-	InputSocketName                string
+	AudioInputComponentName  string
-	OutputSocketName               string
+	AudioOutputComponentName string
-	AudioInputComponentName        string
+	AudioServerComponentName string
-	AudioOutputComponentName       string
+	AudioRelayComponentName  string
-	AudioServerComponentName       string
+	AudioEventsComponentName string
-	AudioRelayComponentName        string
-	AudioEventsComponentName       string
 
 	TestSocketTimeout          time.Duration
 	TestBufferSize             int
@@ -493,17 +473,11 @@ func DefaultAudioConfig() *AudioConfigConstants {
 		OutputSupervisorTimeout: 5 * time.Second,        // Output monitoring timeout
 		BatchProcessingDelay:    5 * time.Millisecond,   // Reduced batch processing delay
 
-		// Adaptive Buffer Configuration - Optimized for single-core RV1106G3
+		// System Load Configuration - Optimized for single-core RV1106G3
-		LowCPUThreshold:             0.40, // Adjusted for single-core ARM system
+		LowCPUThreshold:     0.40, // Adjusted for single-core ARM system
-		HighCPUThreshold:            0.75, // Adjusted for single-core RV1106G3 (current load ~64%)
+		HighCPUThreshold:    0.75, // Adjusted for single-core RV1106G3 (current load ~64%)
-		LowMemoryThreshold:          0.60,
+		LowMemoryThreshold:  0.60,
-		HighMemoryThreshold:         0.85,                  // Adjusted for 200MB total memory system
+		HighMemoryThreshold: 0.85, // Adjusted for 200MB total memory system
-		AdaptiveBufferTargetLatency: 10 * time.Millisecond, // Aggressive target latency for responsiveness
-
-		// Adaptive Buffer Size Configuration - Optimized for quality change bursts
-		AdaptiveMinBufferSize:     256,  // Further increased minimum to prevent emergency mode
-		AdaptiveMaxBufferSize:     1024, // Much higher maximum for quality changes
-		AdaptiveDefaultBufferSize: 512,  // Higher default for stability during bursts
 
 		CooldownPeriod:    15 * time.Second,       // Reduced cooldown period
 		RollbackThreshold: 200 * time.Millisecond, // Lower rollback threshold
@@ -511,7 +485,6 @@ func DefaultAudioConfig() *AudioConfigConstants {
 		MaxLatencyThreshold:         150 * time.Millisecond, // Lower max latency threshold
 		JitterThreshold:             15 * time.Millisecond,  // Reduced jitter threshold
 		LatencyOptimizationInterval: 3 * time.Second,        // More frequent optimization
-		LatencyAdaptiveThreshold:    0.7,                    // More aggressive adaptive threshold
 
 		// Microphone Contention Configuration
 		MicContentionTimeout: 200 * time.Millisecond,
@@ -531,7 +504,6 @@ func DefaultAudioConfig() *AudioConfigConstants {
 		AveragingWeight:      0.7,   // Weight for smoothing values (70% recent, 30% historical)
 		ScalingFactor:        1.5,   // General scaling factor for adaptive adjustments
 
-		SmoothingFactor:         0.3, // For adaptive buffer smoothing
 		CPUMemoryWeight:         0.5, // CPU factor weight in combined calculations
 		MemoryWeight:            0.3, // Memory factor weight in combined calculations
 		LatencyWeight:           0.2, // Latency factor weight in combined calculations
@@ -544,13 +516,6 @@ func DefaultAudioConfig() *AudioConfigConstants {
 		CGOPCMBufferSize:        1920,         // 1920 samples for PCM buffer (max 2ch*960)
 		CGONanosecondsPerSecond: 1000000000.0, // 1000000000.0 for nanosecond conversions
 
-		// Batch Processing Constants - Optimized for quality change bursts
-		BatchProcessorFramesPerBatch:         16,                    // Larger batches for quality changes
-		BatchProcessorTimeout:                20 * time.Millisecond, // Longer timeout for bursts
-		BatchProcessorMaxQueueSize:           64,                    // Larger queue for quality changes
-		BatchProcessorAdaptiveThreshold:      0.6,                   // Lower threshold for faster adaptation
-		BatchProcessorThreadPinningThreshold: 8,                     // Lower threshold for better performance
-
 		// Output Streaming Constants - Balanced for stability
 		OutputStreamingFrameIntervalMS: 20, // 20ms frame interval (50 FPS) for stability
 
@@ -572,10 +537,6 @@ func DefaultAudioConfig() *AudioConfigConstants {
 		// Input Processing Constants - Balanced for stability
 		InputProcessingTimeoutMS: 10, // 10ms processing timeout threshold
 
-		// Adaptive Buffer Constants
-		AdaptiveBufferCPUMultiplier:    100, // 100 multiplier for CPU percentage
-		AdaptiveBufferMemoryMultiplier: 100, // 100 multiplier for memory percentage
-
 		// Socket Names
 		InputSocketName:  "audio_input.sock",  // Socket name for audio input IPC
 		OutputSocketName: "audio_output.sock", // Socket name for audio output IPC

internal/audio/core_handlers.go

@@ -241,11 +241,6 @@ func (s *AudioControlService) SetAudioQuality(quality AudioQuality) {
 	SetAudioQuality(quality)
 }
 
-// SetMicrophoneQuality sets the microphone input quality
-func (s *AudioControlService) SetMicrophoneQuality(quality AudioQuality) {
-	SetMicrophoneQuality(quality)
-}
-
 // GetAudioQualityPresets returns available audio quality presets
 func (s *AudioControlService) GetAudioQualityPresets() map[AudioQuality]AudioConfig {
 	return GetAudioQualityPresets()

internal/audio/core_metrics.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package audio
 
 import (
 	"runtime"
-	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
@@ -11,67 +10,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	// Adaptive buffer metrics
-	adaptiveInputBufferSize = promauto.NewGauge(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_adaptive_input_buffer_size_bytes",
-			Help: "Current adaptive input buffer size in bytes",
-		},
-	)
-
-	adaptiveOutputBufferSize = promauto.NewGauge(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_adaptive_output_buffer_size_bytes",
-			Help: "Current adaptive output buffer size in bytes",
-		},
-	)
-
-	adaptiveBufferAdjustmentsTotal = promauto.NewCounter(
-		prometheus.CounterOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_adaptive_buffer_adjustments_total",
-			Help: "Total number of adaptive buffer size adjustments",
-		},
-	)
-
-	adaptiveSystemCpuPercent = promauto.NewGauge(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_adaptive_system_cpu_percent",
-			Help: "System CPU usage percentage used by adaptive buffer manager",
-		},
-	)
-
-	adaptiveSystemMemoryPercent = promauto.NewGauge(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_adaptive_system_memory_percent",
-			Help: "System memory usage percentage used by adaptive buffer manager",
-		},
-	)
-
-	// Socket buffer metrics
-	socketBufferSizeGauge = promauto.NewGaugeVec(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_audio_socket_buffer_size_bytes",
-			Help: "Current socket buffer size in bytes",
-		},
-		[]string{"component", "buffer_type"}, // buffer_type: send, receive
-	)
-
-	socketBufferUtilizationGauge = promauto.NewGaugeVec(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_audio_socket_buffer_utilization_percent",
-			Help: "Socket buffer utilization percentage",
-		},
-		[]string{"component", "buffer_type"}, // buffer_type: send, receive
-	)
-
-	socketBufferOverflowCounter = promauto.NewCounterVec(
-		prometheus.CounterOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_audio_socket_buffer_overflow_total",
-			Help: "Total number of socket buffer overflows",
-		},
-		[]string{"component", "buffer_type"}, // buffer_type: send, receive
-	)
-
 	// Audio output metrics
 	audioFramesReceivedTotal = promauto.NewCounter(
 		prometheus.CounterOpts{
@@ -158,10 +96,7 @@ var (
 		},
 	)
 
-	// Device health metrics
+	// Memory metrics (basic monitoring)
-	// Removed device health metrics - functionality not used
-
-	// Memory metrics
 	memoryHeapAllocBytes = promauto.NewGauge(
 		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
 			Name: "jetkvm_audio_memory_heap_alloc_bytes",
@@ -169,20 +104,6 @@ var (
 		},
 	)
 
-	memoryHeapSysBytes = promauto.NewGauge(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_audio_memory_heap_sys_bytes",
-			Help: "Total heap system memory in bytes",
-		},
-	)
-
-	memoryHeapObjects = promauto.NewGauge(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_audio_memory_heap_objects",
-			Help: "Number of heap objects",
-		},
-	)
-
 	memoryGCCount = promauto.NewCounter(
 		prometheus.CounterOpts{
 			Name: "jetkvm_audio_memory_gc_total",
@@ -190,74 +111,8 @@ var (
 		},
 	)
 
-	memoryGCCPUFraction = promauto.NewGauge(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_audio_memory_gc_cpu_fraction",
-			Help: "Fraction of CPU time spent in garbage collection",
-		},
-	)
-
-	// Buffer pool efficiency metrics
-	bufferPoolHitRate = promauto.NewGaugeVec(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_audio_buffer_pool_hit_rate_percent",
-			Help: "Buffer pool hit rate percentage",
-		},
-		[]string{"pool_name"}, // pool_name: frame_pool, control_pool, zero_copy_pool
-	)
-
-	bufferPoolMissRate = promauto.NewGaugeVec(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_audio_buffer_pool_miss_rate_percent",
-			Help: "Buffer pool miss rate percentage",
-		},
-		[]string{"pool_name"}, // pool_name: frame_pool, control_pool, zero_copy_pool
-	)
-
-	bufferPoolUtilization = promauto.NewGaugeVec(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_audio_buffer_pool_utilization_percent",
-			Help: "Buffer pool utilization percentage",
-		},
-		[]string{"pool_name"}, // pool_name: frame_pool, control_pool, zero_copy_pool
-	)
-
-	bufferPoolThroughput = promauto.NewGaugeVec(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_audio_buffer_pool_throughput_ops_per_sec",
-			Help: "Buffer pool throughput in operations per second",
-		},
-		[]string{"pool_name"}, // pool_name: frame_pool, control_pool, zero_copy_pool
-	)
-
-	bufferPoolGetLatency = promauto.NewGaugeVec(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_audio_buffer_pool_get_latency_seconds",
-			Help: "Average buffer pool get operation latency in seconds",
-		},
-		[]string{"pool_name"}, // pool_name: frame_pool, control_pool, zero_copy_pool
-	)
-
-	bufferPoolPutLatency = promauto.NewGaugeVec(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_audio_buffer_pool_put_latency_seconds",
-			Help: "Average buffer pool put operation latency in seconds",
-		},
-		[]string{"pool_name"}, // pool_name: frame_pool, control_pool, zero_copy_pool
-	)
-
-	// Latency percentile metrics
-	latencyPercentile = promauto.NewGaugeVec(
-		prometheus.GaugeOpts{
-			Name: "jetkvm_audio_latency_percentile_milliseconds",
-			Help: "Audio latency percentiles in milliseconds",
-		},
-		[]string{"source", "percentile"}, // source: input, output, processing; percentile: p50, p95, p99, min, max, avg
-	)
-
 	// Metrics update tracking
-	metricsUpdateMutex sync.RWMutex
+	lastMetricsUpdate int64
-	lastMetricsUpdate  int64
 
 	// Counter value tracking (since prometheus counters don't have Get() method)
 	audioFramesReceivedValue  uint64
@@ -269,8 +124,6 @@ var (
 	micBytesProcessedValue    uint64
 	micConnectionDropsValue   uint64
 
-	// Atomic counters for device health metrics - functionality removed, no longer used
-
 	// Atomic counter for memory GC
 	memoryGCCountValue uint32
 )
@@ -374,49 +227,12 @@ func UpdateMicrophoneMetrics(metrics UnifiedAudioMetrics) {
 	atomic.StoreInt64(&lastMetricsUpdate, time.Now().Unix())
 }
 
-// UpdateAdaptiveBufferMetrics updates Prometheus metrics with adaptive buffer information
+// UpdateMemoryMetrics updates basic memory metrics
-func UpdateAdaptiveBufferMetrics(inputBufferSize, outputBufferSize int, cpuPercent, memoryPercent float64, adjustmentMade bool) {
-	metricsUpdateMutex.Lock()
-	defer metricsUpdateMutex.Unlock()
-
-	adaptiveInputBufferSize.Set(float64(inputBufferSize))
-	adaptiveOutputBufferSize.Set(float64(outputBufferSize))
-	adaptiveSystemCpuPercent.Set(cpuPercent)
-	adaptiveSystemMemoryPercent.Set(memoryPercent)
-
-	if adjustmentMade {
-		adaptiveBufferAdjustmentsTotal.Inc()
-	}
-
-	atomic.StoreInt64(&lastMetricsUpdate, time.Now().Unix())
-}
-
-// UpdateSocketBufferMetrics updates socket buffer metrics
-func UpdateSocketBufferMetrics(component, bufferType string, size, utilization float64, overflowOccurred bool) {
-	metricsUpdateMutex.Lock()
-	defer metricsUpdateMutex.Unlock()
-
-	socketBufferSizeGauge.WithLabelValues(component, bufferType).Set(size)
-	socketBufferUtilizationGauge.WithLabelValues(component, bufferType).Set(utilization)
-
-	if overflowOccurred {
-		socketBufferOverflowCounter.WithLabelValues(component, bufferType).Inc()
-	}
-
-	atomic.StoreInt64(&lastMetricsUpdate, time.Now().Unix())
-}
-
-// UpdateDeviceHealthMetrics - Placeholder for future device health metrics
-
-// UpdateMemoryMetrics updates memory metrics
 func UpdateMemoryMetrics() {
 	var m runtime.MemStats
 	runtime.ReadMemStats(&m)
 
 	memoryHeapAllocBytes.Set(float64(m.HeapAlloc))
-	memoryHeapSysBytes.Set(float64(m.HeapSys))
-	memoryHeapObjects.Set(float64(m.HeapObjects))
-	memoryGCCPUFraction.Set(m.GCCPUFraction)
 
 	// Update GC count with delta calculation
 	currentGCCount := uint32(m.NumGC)
@@ -428,31 +244,6 @@ func UpdateMemoryMetrics() {
 	atomic.StoreInt64(&lastMetricsUpdate, time.Now().Unix())
 }
 
-// UpdateBufferPoolMetrics updates buffer pool efficiency metrics
-func UpdateBufferPoolMetrics(poolName string, hitRate, missRate, utilization, throughput, getLatency, putLatency float64) {
-	metricsUpdateMutex.Lock()
-	defer metricsUpdateMutex.Unlock()
-
-	bufferPoolHitRate.WithLabelValues(poolName).Set(hitRate * 100)
-	bufferPoolMissRate.WithLabelValues(poolName).Set(missRate * 100)
-	bufferPoolUtilization.WithLabelValues(poolName).Set(utilization * 100)
-	bufferPoolThroughput.WithLabelValues(poolName).Set(throughput)
-	bufferPoolGetLatency.WithLabelValues(poolName).Set(getLatency)
-	bufferPoolPutLatency.WithLabelValues(poolName).Set(putLatency)
-
-	atomic.StoreInt64(&lastMetricsUpdate, time.Now().Unix())
-}
-
-// UpdateLatencyMetrics updates latency percentile metrics
-func UpdateLatencyMetrics(source, percentile string, latencyMilliseconds float64) {
-	metricsUpdateMutex.Lock()
-	defer metricsUpdateMutex.Unlock()
-
-	latencyPercentile.WithLabelValues(source, percentile).Set(latencyMilliseconds)
-
-	atomic.StoreInt64(&lastMetricsUpdate, time.Now().Unix())
-}
-
 // GetLastMetricsUpdate returns the timestamp of the last metrics update
 func GetLastMetricsUpdate() time.Time {
 	timestamp := atomic.LoadInt64(&lastMetricsUpdate)

internal/audio/core_validation.go

@@ -154,25 +154,6 @@ func ValidateMetricsInterval(interval time.Duration) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// ValidateAdaptiveBufferConfig validates adaptive buffer configuration
-func ValidateAdaptiveBufferConfig(minSize, maxSize, defaultSize int) error {
-	if minSize <= 0 || maxSize <= 0 || defaultSize <= 0 {
-		return ErrInvalidBufferSize
-	}
-	if minSize >= maxSize {
-		return ErrInvalidBufferSize
-	}
-	if defaultSize < minSize || defaultSize > maxSize {
-		return ErrInvalidBufferSize
-	}
-	// Validate against global limits
-	maxBuffer := Config.SocketMaxBuffer
-	if maxSize > maxBuffer {
-		return ErrInvalidBufferSize
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 // ValidateInputIPCConfig validates input IPC configuration
 func ValidateInputIPCConfig(sampleRate, channels, frameSize int) error {
 	minSampleRate := Config.MinSampleRate

internal/audio/goroutine_pool.go

@@ -1,329 +0,0 @@
-package audio
-
-import (
-	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/jetkvm/kvm/internal/logging"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
-)
-
-// Task represents a function to be executed by a worker in the pool
-type Task func()
-
-// GoroutinePool manages a pool of reusable goroutines to reduce the overhead
-// of goroutine creation and destruction
-type GoroutinePool struct {
-	// Atomic fields must be first for proper alignment on 32-bit systems
-	taskCount    int64 // Number of tasks processed
-	workerCount  int64 // Current number of workers
-	maxIdleTime  time.Duration
-	maxWorkers   int
-	taskQueue    chan Task
-	workerSem    chan struct{} // Semaphore to limit concurrent workers
-	shutdown     chan struct{}
-	shutdownOnce sync.Once
-	wg           sync.WaitGroup
-	logger       *zerolog.Logger
-	name         string
-}
-
-// NewGoroutinePool creates a new goroutine pool with the specified parameters
-func NewGoroutinePool(name string, maxWorkers int, queueSize int, maxIdleTime time.Duration) *GoroutinePool {
-	logger := logging.GetDefaultLogger().With().Str("component", "goroutine-pool").Str("pool", name).Logger()
-
-	pool := &GoroutinePool{
-		maxWorkers:  maxWorkers,
-		maxIdleTime: maxIdleTime,
-		taskQueue:   make(chan Task, queueSize),
-		workerSem:   make(chan struct{}, maxWorkers),
-		shutdown:    make(chan struct{}),
-		logger:      &logger,
-		name:        name,
-	}
-
-	// Start a supervisor goroutine to monitor pool health
-	go pool.supervisor()
-
-	return pool
-}
-
-// Submit adds a task to the pool for execution
-// Returns true if the task was accepted, false if the queue is full
-func (p *GoroutinePool) Submit(task Task) bool {
-	select {
-	case <-p.shutdown:
-		return false // Pool is shutting down
-	case p.taskQueue <- task:
-		// Task accepted, ensure we have a worker to process it
-		p.ensureWorkerAvailable()
-		return true
-	default:
-		// Queue is full
-		return false
-	}
-}
-
-// SubmitWithBackpressure adds a task to the pool with backpressure handling
-// Returns true if task was accepted, false if dropped due to backpressure
-func (p *GoroutinePool) SubmitWithBackpressure(task Task) bool {
-	select {
-	case <-p.shutdown:
-		return false // Pool is shutting down
-	case p.taskQueue <- task:
-		// Task accepted, ensure we have a worker to process it
-		p.ensureWorkerAvailable()
-		return true
-	default:
-		// Queue is full - apply backpressure
-		// Check if we're in a high-load situation
-		queueLen := len(p.taskQueue)
-		queueCap := cap(p.taskQueue)
-		workerCount := atomic.LoadInt64(&p.workerCount)
-
-		// If queue is >90% full and we're at max workers, drop the task
-		if queueLen > int(float64(queueCap)*0.9) && workerCount >= int64(p.maxWorkers) {
-			p.logger.Warn().Int("queue_len", queueLen).Int("queue_cap", queueCap).Msg("Dropping task due to backpressure")
-			return false
-		}
-
-		// Try one more time with a short timeout
-		select {
-		case p.taskQueue <- task:
-			p.ensureWorkerAvailable()
-			return true
-		case <-time.After(1 * time.Millisecond):
-			// Still can't submit after timeout - drop task
-			p.logger.Debug().Msg("Task dropped after backpressure timeout")
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// ensureWorkerAvailable makes sure at least one worker is available to process tasks
-func (p *GoroutinePool) ensureWorkerAvailable() {
-	// Check if we already have enough workers
-	currentWorkers := atomic.LoadInt64(&p.workerCount)
-
-	// Only start new workers if:
-	// 1. We have no workers at all, or
-	// 2. The queue is growing and we're below max workers
-	queueLen := len(p.taskQueue)
-	if currentWorkers == 0 || (queueLen > int(currentWorkers) && currentWorkers < int64(p.maxWorkers)) {
-		// Try to acquire a semaphore slot without blocking
-		select {
-		case p.workerSem <- struct{}{}:
-			// We got a slot, start a new worker
-			p.startWorker()
-		default:
-			// All worker slots are taken, which means we have enough workers
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// startWorker launches a new worker goroutine
-func (p *GoroutinePool) startWorker() {
-	p.wg.Add(1)
-	atomic.AddInt64(&p.workerCount, 1)
-
-	go func() {
-		defer func() {
-			atomic.AddInt64(&p.workerCount, -1)
-			<-p.workerSem // Release the semaphore slot
-			p.wg.Done()
-
-			// Recover from panics in worker tasks
-			if r := recover(); r != nil {
-				p.logger.Error().Interface("panic", r).Msg("Worker recovered from panic")
-			}
-		}()
-
-		idleTimer := time.NewTimer(p.maxIdleTime)
-		defer idleTimer.Stop()
-
-		for {
-			select {
-			case <-p.shutdown:
-				return
-			case task, ok := <-p.taskQueue:
-				if !ok {
-					return // Channel closed
-				}
-
-				// Reset idle timer
-				if !idleTimer.Stop() {
-					<-idleTimer.C
-				}
-				idleTimer.Reset(p.maxIdleTime)
-
-				// Execute the task with panic recovery
-				func() {
-					defer func() {
-						if r := recover(); r != nil {
-							p.logger.Error().Interface("panic", r).Msg("Task execution panic recovered")
-						}
-					}()
-					task()
-				}()
-
-				atomic.AddInt64(&p.taskCount, 1)
-			case <-idleTimer.C:
-				// Worker has been idle for too long
-				// Keep at least 2 workers alive to handle incoming tasks without creating new goroutines
-				if atomic.LoadInt64(&p.workerCount) > 2 {
-					return
-				}
-				// For persistent workers (the minimum 2), use a longer idle timeout
-				// This prevents excessive worker creation/destruction cycles
-				idleTimer.Reset(p.maxIdleTime * 3) // Triple the idle time for persistent workers
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-}
-
-// supervisor monitors the pool and logs statistics periodically
-func (p *GoroutinePool) supervisor() {
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(30 * time.Second)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-p.shutdown:
-			return
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			workers := atomic.LoadInt64(&p.workerCount)
-			tasks := atomic.LoadInt64(&p.taskCount)
-			queueLen := len(p.taskQueue)
-
-			p.logger.Debug().
-				Int64("workers", workers).
-				Int64("tasks_processed", tasks).
-				Int("queue_length", queueLen).
-				Msg("Pool statistics")
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// Shutdown gracefully shuts down the pool
-// If wait is true, it will wait for all tasks to complete
-// If wait is false, it will terminate immediately, potentially leaving tasks unprocessed
-func (p *GoroutinePool) Shutdown(wait bool) {
-	p.shutdownOnce.Do(func() {
-		close(p.shutdown)
-
-		if wait {
-			// Wait for all tasks to be processed
-			if len(p.taskQueue) > 0 {
-				p.logger.Debug().Int("remaining_tasks", len(p.taskQueue)).Msg("Waiting for tasks to complete")
-			}
-
-			// Close the task queue to signal no more tasks
-			close(p.taskQueue)
-
-			// Wait for all workers to finish
-			p.wg.Wait()
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-// GetStats returns statistics about the pool
-func (p *GoroutinePool) GetStats() map[string]interface{} {
-	return map[string]interface{}{
-		"name":            p.name,
-		"worker_count":    atomic.LoadInt64(&p.workerCount),
-		"max_workers":     p.maxWorkers,
-		"tasks_processed": atomic.LoadInt64(&p.taskCount),
-		"queue_length":    len(p.taskQueue),
-		"queue_capacity":  cap(p.taskQueue),
-	}
-}
-
-// Global pools for different audio processing tasks
-var (
-	globalAudioProcessorPool     atomic.Pointer[GoroutinePool]
-	globalAudioReaderPool        atomic.Pointer[GoroutinePool]
-	globalAudioProcessorInitOnce sync.Once
-	globalAudioReaderInitOnce    sync.Once
-)
-
-// GetAudioProcessorPool returns the global audio processor pool
-func GetAudioProcessorPool() *GoroutinePool {
-	pool := globalAudioProcessorPool.Load()
-	if pool != nil {
-		return pool
-	}
-
-	globalAudioProcessorInitOnce.Do(func() {
-		config := Config
-		newPool := NewGoroutinePool(
-			"audio-processor",
-			config.MaxAudioProcessorWorkers,
-			config.AudioProcessorQueueSize,
-			config.WorkerMaxIdleTime,
-		)
-		globalAudioProcessorPool.Store(newPool)
-		pool = newPool
-	})
-
-	return globalAudioProcessorPool.Load()
-}
-
-// GetAudioReaderPool returns the global audio reader pool
-func GetAudioReaderPool() *GoroutinePool {
-	pool := globalAudioReaderPool.Load()
-	if pool != nil {
-		return pool
-	}
-
-	globalAudioReaderInitOnce.Do(func() {
-		config := Config
-		newPool := NewGoroutinePool(
-			"audio-reader",
-			config.MaxAudioReaderWorkers,
-			config.AudioReaderQueueSize,
-			config.WorkerMaxIdleTime,
-		)
-		globalAudioReaderPool.Store(newPool)
-		pool = newPool
-	})
-
-	return globalAudioReaderPool.Load()
-}
-
-// SubmitAudioProcessorTask submits a task to the audio processor pool
-func SubmitAudioProcessorTask(task Task) bool {
-	return GetAudioProcessorPool().Submit(task)
-}
-
-// SubmitAudioReaderTask submits a task to the audio reader pool
-func SubmitAudioReaderTask(task Task) bool {
-	return GetAudioReaderPool().Submit(task)
-}
-
-// SubmitAudioProcessorTaskWithBackpressure submits a task with backpressure handling
-func SubmitAudioProcessorTaskWithBackpressure(task Task) bool {
-	return GetAudioProcessorPool().SubmitWithBackpressure(task)
-}
-
-// SubmitAudioReaderTaskWithBackpressure submits a task with backpressure handling
-func SubmitAudioReaderTaskWithBackpressure(task Task) bool {
-	return GetAudioReaderPool().SubmitWithBackpressure(task)
-}
-
-// ShutdownAudioPools shuts down all audio goroutine pools
-func ShutdownAudioPools(wait bool) {
-	logger := logging.GetDefaultLogger().With().Str("component", "audio-pools").Logger()
-
-	processorPool := globalAudioProcessorPool.Load()
-	if processorPool != nil {
-		logger.Info().Msg("Shutting down audio processor pool")
-		processorPool.Shutdown(wait)
-	}
-
-	readerPool := globalAudioReaderPool.Load()
-	if readerPool != nil {
-		logger.Info().Msg("Shutting down audio reader pool")
-		readerPool.Shutdown(wait)
-	}
-}

internal/audio/input_microphone_manager.go

@@ -70,9 +70,6 @@ func (aim *AudioInputManager) Stop() {
 
 	aim.logComponentStop(AudioInputManagerComponent)
 
-	// Flush any pending sampled metrics before stopping
-	aim.flushPendingMetrics()
-
 	// Stop the IPC-based audio input
 	aim.ipcManager.Stop()
 
@@ -120,8 +117,6 @@ func (aim *AudioInputManager) WriteOpusFrame(frame []byte) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	aim.recordFrameProcessed(len(frame))
-	aim.updateLatency(processingTime)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -164,8 +159,6 @@ func (aim *AudioInputManager) WriteOpusFrameZeroCopy(frame *ZeroCopyAudioFrame)
 
 	// Update metrics
 	atomic.AddInt64(&aim.framesSent, 1)
-	aim.recordFrameProcessed(frame.Length())
-	aim.updateLatency(processingTime)
 
 	return nil
 }

internal/audio/input_server_main.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/jetkvm/kvm/internal/logging"
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
 )
 
 // Global audio input server instance
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ func RecoverGlobalAudioInputServer() {
 // RunAudioInputServer runs the audio input server subprocess
 // This should be called from main() when the subprocess is detected
 func RunAudioInputServer() error {
-	logger := logging.GetDefaultLogger().With().Str("component", "audio-input-server").Logger()
+	logger := logging.GetSubsystemLogger("audio").With().Str("component", "audio-input-server").Logger()
 
 	// Parse OPUS configuration from environment variables
 	bitrate, complexity, vbr, signalType, bandwidth, dtx := parseOpusConfig()
@@ -85,6 +86,10 @@ func RunAudioInputServer() error {
 
 	logger.Info().Msg("audio input server started, waiting for connections")
 
+	// Update C trace logging based on current audio scope log level (after environment variables are processed)
+	traceEnabled := logger.GetLevel() <= zerolog.TraceLevel
+	CGOSetTraceLogging(traceEnabled)
+
 	// Set up signal handling for graceful shutdown
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()

internal/audio/input_supervisor.go

@@ -119,6 +119,11 @@ func (ais *AudioInputSupervisor) startProcess() error {
 	// Set environment variables for IPC and OPUS configuration
 	env := append(os.Environ(), "JETKVM_AUDIO_INPUT_IPC=true") // Enable IPC mode
 	env = append(env, ais.opusEnv...)                          // Add OPUS configuration
+
+	// Pass logging environment variables directly to subprocess
+	// The subprocess will inherit all PION_LOG_* variables from os.Environ()
+	// This ensures the audio scope gets the correct trace level
+
 	ais.cmd.Env = env
 
 	// Set process group to allow clean termination

internal/audio/ipc_input.go

@@ -29,24 +29,22 @@ var (
 
 // OptimizedIPCMessage represents an optimized message with pre-allocated buffers
 type OptimizedIPCMessage struct {
-	header [17]byte          // Pre-allocated header buffer (headerSize = 17)
+	header [17]byte
-	data   []byte            // Reusable data buffer
+	data   []byte
-	msg    UnifiedIPCMessage // Embedded message
+	msg    UnifiedIPCMessage
 }
 
 // MessagePool manages a pool of reusable messages to reduce allocations
 type MessagePool struct {
-	// Atomic fields MUST be first for ARM32 alignment (int64 fields need 8-byte alignment)
+	hitCount  int64
-	hitCount  int64 // Pool hit counter (atomic)
+	missCount int64
-	missCount int64 // Pool miss counter (atomic)
 
-	// Other fields
 	pool chan *OptimizedIPCMessage
-	// Memory optimization fields
+
-	preallocated []*OptimizedIPCMessage // Pre-allocated messages for immediate use
+	preallocated []*OptimizedIPCMessage
-	preallocSize int                    // Number of pre-allocated messages
+	preallocSize int
-	maxPoolSize  int                    // Maximum pool size to prevent memory bloat
+	maxPoolSize  int
-	mutex        sync.RWMutex           // Protects preallocated slice
+	mutex        sync.RWMutex
 }
 
 // Global message pool instance
@@ -152,30 +150,25 @@ func (mp *MessagePool) Put(msg *OptimizedIPCMessage) {
 	}
 }
 
-// AudioInputServer handles IPC communication for audio input processing
 type AudioInputServer struct {
-	// Atomic fields MUST be first for ARM32 alignment (int64 fields need 8-byte alignment)
+	bufferSize     int64
-	bufferSize     int64 // Current buffer size (atomic)
+	processingTime int64
-	processingTime int64 // Average processing time in nanoseconds (atomic)
+	droppedFrames  int64
-	droppedFrames  int64 // Dropped frames counter (atomic)
+	totalFrames    int64
-	totalFrames    int64 // Total frames counter (atomic)
 
 	listener net.Listener
 	conn     net.Conn
 	mtx      sync.Mutex
 	running  bool
 
-	// Triple-goroutine architecture
+	messageChan chan *UnifiedIPCMessage
-	messageChan chan *UnifiedIPCMessage // Buffered channel for incoming messages
+	processChan chan *UnifiedIPCMessage
-	processChan chan *UnifiedIPCMessage // Buffered channel for processing queue
+	stopChan    chan struct{}
-	stopChan    chan struct{}           // Stop signal for all goroutines
+	wg          sync.WaitGroup
-	wg          sync.WaitGroup          // Wait group for goroutine coordination
 
-	// Channel resizing support
+	channelMutex   sync.RWMutex
-	channelMutex   sync.RWMutex // Protects channel recreation
+	lastBufferSize int64
-	lastBufferSize int64        // Last known buffer size for change detection
 
-	// Socket buffer configuration
 	socketBufferConfig SocketBufferConfig
 }
 
@@ -211,8 +204,8 @@ func NewAudioInputServer() (*AudioInputServer, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create unix socket after 3 attempts: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Get initial buffer size from config
+	// Get initial buffer size (512 frames for stability)
-	initialBufferSize := int64(Config.AdaptiveDefaultBufferSize)
+	initialBufferSize := int64(512)
 
 	// Ensure minimum buffer size to prevent immediate overflow
 	// Use at least 50 frames to handle burst traffic
@@ -256,11 +249,8 @@ func (ais *AudioInputServer) Start() error {
 	ais.startProcessorGoroutine()
 	ais.startMonitorGoroutine()
 
-	// Submit the connection acceptor to the audio reader pool
+	// Submit the connection acceptor directly
-	if !SubmitAudioReaderTask(ais.acceptConnections) {
+	go ais.acceptConnections()
-		// If the pool is full or shutting down, fall back to direct goroutine creation
-		go ais.acceptConnections()
-	}
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -335,10 +325,8 @@ func (ais *AudioInputServer) acceptConnections() {
 		ais.mtx.Unlock()
 
 		// Handle this connection using the goroutine pool
-		if !SubmitAudioReaderTask(func() { ais.handleConnection(conn) }) {
+		// Handle the connection directly
-			// If the pool is full or shutting down, fall back to direct goroutine creation
+		go ais.handleConnection(conn)
-			go ais.handleConnection(conn)
-		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -466,13 +454,9 @@ func (ais *AudioInputServer) processMessage(msg *UnifiedIPCMessage) error {
 
 // processOpusFrame processes an Opus audio frame
 func (ais *AudioInputServer) processOpusFrame(data []byte) error {
-	// Fast path: skip empty frame check - caller should handle this
-	dataLen := len(data)
-	if dataLen == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
 	// Inline validation for critical audio path - avoid function call overhead
+	dataLen := len(data)
+	cachedMaxFrameSize := maxFrameSize
 	if dataLen > cachedMaxFrameSize {
 		return ErrFrameDataTooLarge
 	}
@@ -485,8 +469,85 @@ func (ais *AudioInputServer) processOpusFrame(data []byte) error {
 	pcmBuffer := GetBufferFromPool(cache.MaxPCMBufferSize)
 	defer ReturnBufferToPool(pcmBuffer)
 
+	// Log audio processing details periodically for monitoring
+	totalFrames := atomic.AddInt64(&ais.totalFrames, 1)
+
+	// Zero-cost debug logging for buffer allocation (first few operations)
+	// Only perform computations if trace logging is actually enabled
+	if totalFrames <= 5 {
+		logger := logging.GetDefaultLogger().With().Str("component", AudioInputServerComponent).Logger()
+		if logger.GetLevel() <= zerolog.TraceLevel {
+			logger.Trace().
+				Int("requested_buffer_size", cache.MaxPCMBufferSize).
+				Int("pcm_buffer_length", len(pcmBuffer)).
+				Int("pcm_buffer_capacity", cap(pcmBuffer)).
+				Msg("PCM buffer allocated from pool")
+		}
+	}
+	if totalFrames <= 5 || totalFrames%500 == 1 {
+		logger := logging.GetDefaultLogger().With().Str("component", AudioInputServerComponent).Logger()
+		if logger.GetLevel() <= zerolog.TraceLevel {
+			logger.Trace().
+				Int("opus_frame_size", dataLen).
+				Int("pcm_buffer_size", len(pcmBuffer)).
+				Int64("total_frames_processed", totalFrames).
+				Msg("Processing audio frame for USB Gadget output")
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Direct CGO call - avoid wrapper function overhead
-	_, err := CGOAudioDecodeWrite(data, pcmBuffer)
+	start := time.Now()
+	framesWritten, err := CGOAudioDecodeWrite(data, pcmBuffer)
+	duration := time.Since(start)
+
+	// Log the result with detailed context
+	logger := logging.GetDefaultLogger().With().Str("component", AudioInputServerComponent).Logger()
+
+	if err != nil {
+		// Log error with detailed context for debugging
+		atomic.AddInt64(&ais.droppedFrames, 1)
+
+		// Get current statistics for context
+		total, success, failures, recovery, lastError, _ := GetAudioDecodeWriteStats()
+		successRate := float64(success) / float64(total) * 100
+
+		logger.Error().
+			Err(err).
+			Int("opus_frame_size", dataLen).
+			Dur("processing_duration", duration).
+			Int64("frames_written", int64(framesWritten)).
+			Int64("total_operations", total).
+			Int64("successful_operations", success).
+			Int64("failed_operations", failures).
+			Int64("recovery_attempts", recovery).
+			Float64("success_rate_percent", successRate).
+			Str("last_error", lastError).
+			Int64("total_frames_processed", totalFrames).
+			Int64("dropped_frames", atomic.LoadInt64(&ais.droppedFrames)).
+			Msg("Failed to decode/write audio frame to USB Gadget")
+
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Log successful operations periodically to monitor health (zero-cost when trace disabled)
+	if (totalFrames <= 5 || totalFrames%1000 == 1) && logger.GetLevel() <= zerolog.TraceLevel {
+		// Get current statistics for context (only when trace is enabled)
+		total, success, failures, recovery, _, _ := GetAudioDecodeWriteStats()
+		successRate := float64(success) / float64(total) * 100
+
+		logger.Trace().
+			Int("opus_frame_size", dataLen).
+			Int64("frames_written", int64(framesWritten)).
+			Int64("total_operations", total).
+			Int64("successful_operations", success).
+			Int64("failed_operations", failures).
+			Int64("recovery_attempts", recovery).
+			Float64("success_rate_percent", successRate).
+			Int64("total_frames_processed", totalFrames).
+			Int64("dropped_frames", atomic.LoadInt64(&ais.droppedFrames)).
+			Msg("Successfully decoded/wrote audio frame to USB Gadget")
+	}
+
 	return err
 }
 
@@ -981,17 +1042,8 @@ func (ais *AudioInputServer) startReaderGoroutine() {
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Submit the reader task to the audio reader pool with backpressure
+	// Handle the reader task directly
-	logger := logging.GetDefaultLogger().With().Str("component", AudioInputClientComponent).Logger()
+	go readerTask()
-	if !SubmitAudioReaderTaskWithBackpressure(readerTask) {
-		// Task was dropped due to backpressure - this is expected under high load
-		// Log at debug level to avoid spam, but track the drop
-		logger.Debug().Msg("Audio reader task dropped due to backpressure")
-
-		// Don't fall back to unlimited goroutine creation
-		// Instead, let the system recover naturally
-		ais.wg.Done() // Decrement the wait group since we're not starting the task
-	}
 }
 
 // startProcessorGoroutine starts the message processor using the goroutine pool
@@ -1073,17 +1125,8 @@ func (ais *AudioInputServer) startProcessorGoroutine() {
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Submit the processor task to the audio processor pool with backpressure
+	// Submit the processor task directly
-	logger := logging.GetDefaultLogger().With().Str("component", AudioInputClientComponent).Logger()
+	go processorTask()
-	if !SubmitAudioProcessorTaskWithBackpressure(processorTask) {
-		// Task was dropped due to backpressure - this is expected under high load
-		// Log at debug level to avoid spam, but track the drop
-		logger.Debug().Msg("Audio processor task dropped due to backpressure")
-
-		// Don't fall back to unlimited goroutine creation
-		// Instead, let the system recover naturally
-		ais.wg.Done() // Decrement the wait group since we're not starting the task
-	}
 }
 
 // processMessageWithRecovery processes a message with enhanced error recovery
@@ -1182,9 +1225,6 @@ func (ais *AudioInputServer) startMonitorGoroutine() {
 							atomic.StoreInt64(&ais.processingTime, newAvg)
 						}
 
-						// Report latency to adaptive buffer manager
-						ais.ReportLatency(latency)
-
 						if err != nil {
 							atomic.AddInt64(&ais.droppedFrames, 1)
 						}
@@ -1206,17 +1246,8 @@ func (ais *AudioInputServer) startMonitorGoroutine() {
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Submit the monitor task to the audio processor pool with backpressure
+	// Submit the monitor task directly
-	logger := logging.GetDefaultLogger().With().Str("component", AudioInputClientComponent).Logger()
+	go monitorTask()
-	if !SubmitAudioProcessorTaskWithBackpressure(monitorTask) {
-		// Task was dropped due to backpressure - this is expected under high load
-		// Log at debug level to avoid spam, but track the drop
-		logger.Debug().Msg("Audio monitor task dropped due to backpressure")
-
-		// Don't fall back to unlimited goroutine creation
-		// Instead, let the system recover naturally
-		ais.wg.Done() // Decrement the wait group since we're not starting the task
-	}
 }
 
 // GetServerStats returns server performance statistics
@@ -1227,18 +1258,13 @@ func (ais *AudioInputServer) GetServerStats() (total, dropped int64, avgProcessi
 		atomic.LoadInt64(&ais.bufferSize)
 }
 
-// UpdateBufferSize updates the buffer size (now using fixed config values)
+// UpdateBufferSize updates the buffer size (now using fixed values)
 func (ais *AudioInputServer) UpdateBufferSize() {
-	// Buffer size is now fixed from config
+	// Buffer size is now fixed at 512 frames for stability
-	newSize := int64(Config.AdaptiveDefaultBufferSize)
+	newSize := int64(512)
 	atomic.StoreInt64(&ais.bufferSize, newSize)
 }
 
-// ReportLatency reports processing latency (now a no-op with fixed buffers)
-func (ais *AudioInputServer) ReportLatency(latency time.Duration) {
-	// Latency reporting is now a no-op with fixed buffer sizes
-}
-
 // GetMessagePoolStats returns detailed statistics about the message pool
 func (mp *MessagePool) GetMessagePoolStats() MessagePoolStats {
 	mp.mutex.RLock()

internal/audio/ipc_output.go

@@ -18,10 +18,9 @@ var globalOutputClientMessagePool = NewGenericMessagePool(Config.OutputMessagePo
 
 // AudioOutputServer provides audio output IPC functionality
 type AudioOutputServer struct {
-	// Atomic counters
+	bufferSize    int64
-	bufferSize    int64 // Current buffer size (atomic)
+	droppedFrames int64
-	droppedFrames int64 // Dropped frames counter (atomic)
+	totalFrames   int64
-	totalFrames   int64 // Total frames counter (atomic)
 
 	listener net.Listener
 	conn     net.Conn
@@ -29,12 +28,10 @@ type AudioOutputServer struct {
 	running  bool
 	logger   zerolog.Logger
 
-	// Message channels
+	messageChan chan *UnifiedIPCMessage
-	messageChan chan *UnifiedIPCMessage // Buffered channel for incoming messages
+	processChan chan *UnifiedIPCMessage
-	processChan chan *UnifiedIPCMessage // Buffered channel for processing queue
+	wg          sync.WaitGroup
-	wg          sync.WaitGroup          // Wait group for goroutine coordination
 
-	// Configuration
 	socketPath  string
 	magicNumber uint32
 }
@@ -265,6 +262,17 @@ func (s *AudioOutputServer) SendFrame(frame []byte) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("no client connected")
 	}
 
+	// Zero-cost trace logging for frame transmission
+	if s.logger.GetLevel() <= zerolog.TraceLevel {
+		totalFrames := atomic.LoadInt64(&s.totalFrames)
+		if totalFrames <= 5 || totalFrames%1000 == 1 {
+			s.logger.Trace().
+				Int("frame_size", len(frame)).
+				Int64("total_frames_sent", totalFrames).
+				Msg("Sending audio frame to output client")
+		}
+	}
+
 	msg := &UnifiedIPCMessage{
 		Magic:     s.magicNumber,
 		Type:      MessageTypeOpusFrame,
@@ -301,9 +309,8 @@ func (s *AudioOutputServer) GetServerStats() (total, dropped int64, bufferSize i
 
 // AudioOutputClient provides audio output IPC client functionality
 type AudioOutputClient struct {
-	// Atomic counters
+	droppedFrames int64
-	droppedFrames int64 // Atomic counter for dropped frames
+	totalFrames   int64
-	totalFrames   int64 // Atomic counter for total frames
 
 	conn        net.Conn
 	mtx         sync.Mutex
@@ -311,10 +318,9 @@ type AudioOutputClient struct {
 	logger      zerolog.Logger
 	socketPath  string
 	magicNumber uint32
-	bufferPool  *AudioBufferPool // Buffer pool for memory optimization
+	bufferPool  *AudioBufferPool
 
-	// Health monitoring
+	autoReconnect bool
-	autoReconnect bool // Enable automatic reconnection
 }
 
 func NewAudioOutputClient() *AudioOutputClient {
@@ -405,6 +411,7 @@ func (c *AudioOutputClient) ReceiveFrame() ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 
 	size := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(optMsg.header[5:9])
+	timestamp := int64(binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(optMsg.header[9:17]))
 	maxFrameSize := Config.OutputMaxFrameSize
 	if int(size) > maxFrameSize {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("received frame size validation failed: got %d bytes, maximum allowed %d bytes", size, maxFrameSize)
@@ -423,6 +430,19 @@ func (c *AudioOutputClient) ReceiveFrame() ([]byte, error) {
 	// Note: Caller is responsible for returning frame to pool via PutAudioFrameBuffer()
 
 	atomic.AddInt64(&c.totalFrames, 1)
+
+	// Zero-cost trace logging for frame reception
+	if c.logger.GetLevel() <= zerolog.TraceLevel {
+		totalFrames := atomic.LoadInt64(&c.totalFrames)
+		if totalFrames <= 5 || totalFrames%1000 == 1 {
+			c.logger.Trace().
+				Int("frame_size", int(size)).
+				Int64("timestamp", timestamp).
+				Int64("total_frames_received", totalFrames).
+				Msg("Received audio frame from output server")
+		}
+	}
+
 	return frame, nil
 }
 

internal/audio/mgmt_base_manager.go

@@ -59,12 +59,6 @@ func (bam *BaseAudioManager) resetMetrics() {
 	bam.metrics.AverageLatency = 0
 }
 
-// flushPendingMetrics is now a no-op since we use direct atomic updates
-func (bam *BaseAudioManager) flushPendingMetrics() {
-	// No-op: metrics are now updated directly without local buffering
-	// This function is kept for API compatibility
-}
-
 // getBaseMetrics returns a copy of the base metrics
 func (bam *BaseAudioManager) getBaseMetrics() BaseAudioMetrics {
 	return BaseAudioMetrics{
@@ -77,18 +71,6 @@ func (bam *BaseAudioManager) getBaseMetrics() BaseAudioMetrics {
 	}
 }
 
-// recordFrameProcessed records a processed frame with simplified tracking
-func (bam *BaseAudioManager) recordFrameProcessed(bytes int) {
-}
-
-// recordFrameDropped records a dropped frame with simplified tracking
-func (bam *BaseAudioManager) recordFrameDropped() {
-}
-
-// updateLatency updates the average latency
-func (bam *BaseAudioManager) updateLatency(latency time.Duration) {
-}
-
 // logComponentStart logs component start with consistent format
 func (bam *BaseAudioManager) logComponentStart(component string) {
 	bam.logger.Debug().Str("component", component).Msg("starting component")

internal/audio/mgmt_output_ipc_manager.go

@@ -104,19 +104,11 @@ func (aom *AudioOutputIPCManager) WriteOpusFrame(frame *ZeroCopyAudioFrame) erro
 		return fmt.Errorf("output frame validation failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	start := time.Now()
-
 	// Send frame to IPC server
 	if err := aom.server.SendFrame(frame.Data()); err != nil {
-		aom.recordFrameDropped()
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Update metrics
-	processingTime := time.Since(start)
-	aom.recordFrameProcessed(frame.Length())
-	aom.updateLatency(processingTime)
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -130,22 +122,14 @@ func (aom *AudioOutputIPCManager) WriteOpusFrameZeroCopy(frame *ZeroCopyAudioFra
 		return fmt.Errorf("audio output server not initialized")
 	}
 
-	start := time.Now()
-
 	// Extract frame data
 	frameData := frame.Data()
 
 	// Send frame to IPC server (zero-copy not available, use regular send)
 	if err := aom.server.SendFrame(frameData); err != nil {
-		aom.recordFrameDropped()
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Update metrics
-	processingTime := time.Since(start)
-	aom.recordFrameProcessed(len(frameData))
-	aom.updateLatency(processingTime)
-
 	return nil
 }
 

internal/audio/output_server_main.go

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
+	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/jetkvm/kvm/internal/logging"
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
 )
 
 // getEnvInt reads an integer from environment variable with a default value
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 // RunAudioOutputServer runs the audio output server subprocess
 // This should be called from main() when the subprocess is detected
 func RunAudioOutputServer() error {
-	logger := logging.GetDefaultLogger().With().Str("component", "audio-output-server").Logger()
+	logger := logging.GetSubsystemLogger("audio").With().Str("component", "audio-output-server").Logger()
 
 	// Parse OPUS configuration from environment variables
 	bitrate, complexity, vbr, signalType, bandwidth, dtx := parseOpusConfig()
@@ -52,6 +54,27 @@ func RunAudioOutputServer() error {
 
 	logger.Info().Msg("audio output server started, waiting for connections")
 
+	// Update C trace logging based on current audio scope log level (after environment variables are processed)
+	loggerTraceEnabled := logger.GetLevel() <= zerolog.TraceLevel
+
+	// Manual check for audio scope in PION_LOG_TRACE (workaround for logging system bug)
+	manualTraceEnabled := false
+	pionTrace := os.Getenv("PION_LOG_TRACE")
+	if pionTrace != "" {
+		scopes := strings.Split(strings.ToLower(pionTrace), ",")
+		for _, scope := range scopes {
+			if strings.TrimSpace(scope) == "audio" {
+				manualTraceEnabled = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Use manual check as fallback if logging system fails
+	traceEnabled := loggerTraceEnabled || manualTraceEnabled
+
+	CGOSetTraceLogging(traceEnabled)
+
 	// Set up signal handling for graceful shutdown
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()

internal/audio/output_streaming.go

@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
 )
 
-// Removed unused AudioOutputStreamer struct - actual streaming uses direct functions
-
 var (
 	outputStreamingRunning int32
 	outputStreamingCancel  context.CancelFunc
@@ -30,22 +28,6 @@ func getOutputStreamingLogger() *zerolog.Logger {
 	return outputStreamingLogger
 }
 
-// Removed unused NewAudioOutputStreamer function
-
-// Removed unused AudioOutputStreamer.Start method
-
-// Removed unused AudioOutputStreamer.Stop method
-
-// Removed unused AudioOutputStreamer.streamLoop method
-
-// Removed unused AudioOutputStreamer.processingLoop method
-
-// Removed unused AudioOutputStreamer.statisticsLoop method
-
-// Removed unused AudioOutputStreamer.reportStatistics method
-
-// Removed all unused AudioOutputStreamer methods
-
 // StartAudioOutputStreaming starts audio output streaming (capturing system audio)
 func StartAudioOutputStreaming(send func([]byte)) error {
 	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&outputStreamingRunning, 0, 1) {
@@ -84,6 +66,7 @@ func StartAudioOutputStreaming(send func([]byte)) error {
 		maxConsecutiveErrors := Config.MaxConsecutiveErrors
 		errorBackoffDelay := Config.RetryDelay
 		maxErrorBackoff := Config.MaxRetryDelay
+		var frameCount int64
 
 		for {
 			select {
@@ -143,11 +126,25 @@ func StartAudioOutputStreaming(send func([]byte)) error {
 				}
 
 				if n > 0 {
+					frameCount++
+
 					// Get frame buffer from pool to reduce allocations
 					frame := GetAudioFrameBuffer()
 					frame = frame[:n] // Resize to actual frame size
 					copy(frame, buffer[:n])
 
+					// Zero-cost trace logging for output frame processing
+					logger := getOutputStreamingLogger()
+					if logger.GetLevel() <= zerolog.TraceLevel {
+						if frameCount <= 5 || frameCount%1000 == 1 {
+							logger.Trace().
+								Int("frame_size", n).
+								Int("buffer_capacity", cap(frame)).
+								Int64("total_frames_sent", frameCount).
+								Msg("Audio output frame captured and buffered")
+						}
+					}
+
 					// Validate frame before sending
 					if err := ValidateAudioFrame(frame); err != nil {
 						getOutputStreamingLogger().Warn().Err(err).Msg("Frame validation failed, dropping frame")
@@ -159,6 +156,16 @@ func StartAudioOutputStreaming(send func([]byte)) error {
 					// Return buffer to pool after sending
 					PutAudioFrameBuffer(frame)
 					RecordFrameReceived(n)
+
+					// Zero-cost trace logging for successful frame transmission
+					if logger.GetLevel() <= zerolog.TraceLevel {
+						if frameCount <= 5 || frameCount%1000 == 1 {
+							logger.Trace().
+								Int("frame_size", n).
+								Int64("total_frames_sent", frameCount).
+								Msg("Audio output frame sent successfully")
+						}
+					}
 				}
 				// Small delay to prevent busy waiting
 				time.Sleep(Config.ShortSleepDuration)

internal/audio/output_supervisor.go

@@ -17,23 +17,6 @@ const (
 	AudioOutputSupervisorComponent = "audio-output-supervisor"
 )
 
-// Restart configuration is now retrieved from centralized config
-func getMaxRestartAttempts() int {
-	return Config.MaxRestartAttempts
-}
-
-func getRestartWindow() time.Duration {
-	return Config.RestartWindow
-}
-
-func getRestartDelay() time.Duration {
-	return Config.RestartDelay
-}
-
-func getMaxRestartDelay() time.Duration {
-	return Config.MaxRestartDelay
-}
-
 // AudioOutputSupervisor manages the audio output server subprocess lifecycle
 type AudioOutputSupervisor struct {
 	*BaseSupervisor
@@ -175,10 +158,10 @@ func (s *AudioOutputSupervisor) supervisionLoop() {
 		ProcessType:        "audio output server",
 		Timeout:            Config.OutputSupervisorTimeout,
 		EnableRestart:      true,
-		MaxRestartAttempts: getMaxRestartAttempts(),
+		MaxRestartAttempts: Config.MaxRestartAttempts,
-		RestartWindow:      getRestartWindow(),
+		RestartWindow:      Config.RestartWindow,
-		RestartDelay:       getRestartDelay(),
+		RestartDelay:       Config.RestartDelay,
-		MaxRestartDelay:    getMaxRestartDelay(),
+		MaxRestartDelay:    Config.MaxRestartDelay,
 	}
 
 	// Configure callbacks
@@ -217,7 +200,13 @@ func (s *AudioOutputSupervisor) startProcess() error {
 	s.cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
 
 	// Set environment variables for OPUS configuration
-	s.cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), s.opusEnv...)
+	env := append(os.Environ(), s.opusEnv...)
+
+	// Pass logging environment variables directly to subprocess
+	// The subprocess will inherit all PION_LOG_* variables from os.Environ()
+	// This ensures the audio scope gets the correct trace level
+
+	s.cmd.Env = env
 
 	// Start the process
 	if err := s.cmd.Start(); err != nil {
@@ -249,13 +238,13 @@ func (s *AudioOutputSupervisor) shouldRestart() bool {
 	now := time.Now()
 	var recentAttempts []time.Time
 	for _, attempt := range s.restartAttempts {
-		if now.Sub(attempt) < getRestartWindow() {
+		if now.Sub(attempt) < Config.RestartWindow {
 			recentAttempts = append(recentAttempts, attempt)
 		}
 	}
 	s.restartAttempts = recentAttempts
 
-	return len(s.restartAttempts) < getMaxRestartAttempts()
+	return len(s.restartAttempts) < Config.MaxRestartAttempts
 }
 
 // recordRestartAttempt records a restart attempt
@@ -274,17 +263,17 @@ func (s *AudioOutputSupervisor) calculateRestartDelay() time.Duration {
 	// Exponential backoff based on recent restart attempts
 	attempts := len(s.restartAttempts)
 	if attempts == 0 {
-		return getRestartDelay()
+		return Config.RestartDelay
 	}
 
 	// Calculate exponential backoff: 2^attempts * base delay
-	delay := getRestartDelay()
+	delay := Config.RestartDelay
-	for i := 0; i < attempts && delay < getMaxRestartDelay(); i++ {
+	for i := 0; i < attempts && delay < Config.MaxRestartDelay; i++ {
 		delay *= 2
 	}
 
-	if delay > getMaxRestartDelay() {
+	if delay > Config.MaxRestartDelay {
-		delay = getMaxRestartDelay()
+		delay = Config.MaxRestartDelay
 	}
 
 	return delay

internal/audio/quality_presets.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 // Package audio provides real-time audio processing for JetKVM with low-latency streaming.
 //
-// Key components: output/input pipelines with Opus codec, adaptive buffer management,
+// Key components: output/input pipelines with Opus codec, buffer management,
 // zero-copy frame pools, IPC communication, and process supervision.
 //
 // Supports four quality presets (Low/Medium/High/Ultra) with configurable bitrates.
@@ -260,97 +260,6 @@ func GetAudioConfig() AudioConfig {
 	return currentConfig
 }
 
-// Simplified OPUS parameter lookup table
-var opusParams = map[AudioQuality]struct {
-	complexity, vbr, signalType, bandwidth, dtx int
-}{
-	AudioQualityLow:    {Config.AudioQualityLowOpusComplexity, Config.AudioQualityLowOpusVBR, Config.AudioQualityLowOpusSignalType, Config.AudioQualityLowOpusBandwidth, Config.AudioQualityLowOpusDTX},
-	AudioQualityMedium: {Config.AudioQualityMediumOpusComplexity, Config.AudioQualityMediumOpusVBR, Config.AudioQualityMediumOpusSignalType, Config.AudioQualityMediumOpusBandwidth, Config.AudioQualityMediumOpusDTX},
-	AudioQualityHigh:   {Config.AudioQualityHighOpusComplexity, Config.AudioQualityHighOpusVBR, Config.AudioQualityHighOpusSignalType, Config.AudioQualityHighOpusBandwidth, Config.AudioQualityHighOpusDTX},
-	AudioQualityUltra:  {Config.AudioQualityUltraOpusComplexity, Config.AudioQualityUltraOpusVBR, Config.AudioQualityUltraOpusSignalType, Config.AudioQualityUltraOpusBandwidth, Config.AudioQualityUltraOpusDTX},
-}
-
-// SetMicrophoneQuality updates the current microphone quality configuration
-func SetMicrophoneQuality(quality AudioQuality) {
-	// Validate audio quality parameter
-	if err := ValidateAudioQuality(quality); err != nil {
-		// Log validation error but don't fail - maintain backward compatibility
-		logger := logging.GetDefaultLogger().With().Str("component", "audio").Logger()
-		logger.Warn().Err(err).Int("quality", int(quality)).Msg("invalid microphone quality, using current config")
-		return
-	}
-
-	presets := GetMicrophoneQualityPresets()
-	if config, exists := presets[quality]; exists {
-		currentMicrophoneConfig = config
-
-		// Get OPUS parameters using lookup table
-		params, exists := opusParams[quality]
-		if !exists {
-			// Fallback to medium quality
-			params = opusParams[AudioQualityMedium]
-		}
-
-		// Update audio input subprocess configuration dynamically without restart
-		logger := logging.GetDefaultLogger().With().Str("component", "audio").Logger()
-
-		// Set new OPUS configuration for future restarts
-		if supervisor := GetAudioInputSupervisor(); supervisor != nil {
-			supervisor.SetOpusConfig(config.Bitrate*1000, params.complexity, params.vbr, params.signalType, params.bandwidth, params.dtx)
-
-			// Check if microphone is active but IPC control is broken
-			inputManager := getAudioInputManager()
-			if inputManager.IsRunning() && !supervisor.IsConnected() {
-				// Reconnect the IPC control channel
-				supervisor.Stop()
-				time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
-				if err := supervisor.Start(); err != nil {
-					logger.Debug().Err(err).Msg("failed to reconnect IPC control channel")
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Send dynamic configuration update to running subprocess via IPC
-			if supervisor.IsConnected() {
-				// Convert AudioConfig to UnifiedIPCOpusConfig with complete Opus parameters
-				opusConfig := UnifiedIPCOpusConfig{
-					SampleRate: config.SampleRate,
-					Channels:   config.Channels,
-					FrameSize:  int(config.FrameSize.Milliseconds() * int64(config.SampleRate) / 1000), // Convert ms to samples
-					Bitrate:    config.Bitrate * 1000,                                                  // Convert kbps to bps
-					Complexity: params.complexity,
-					VBR:        params.vbr,
-					SignalType: params.signalType,
-					Bandwidth:  params.bandwidth,
-					DTX:        params.dtx,
-				}
-
-				if err := supervisor.SendOpusConfig(opusConfig); err != nil {
-					logger.Debug().Err(err).Msg("failed to send dynamic Opus config update via IPC")
-					// Fallback to subprocess restart if IPC update fails
-					supervisor.Stop()
-					if err := supervisor.Start(); err != nil {
-						logger.Error().Err(err).Msg("failed to restart audio input subprocess after IPC update failure")
-					}
-				} else {
-					logger.Info().Msg("audio input quality updated dynamically via IPC")
-
-					// Reset audio input stats after config update
-					go func() {
-						time.Sleep(Config.QualityChangeSettleDelay) // Wait for quality change to settle
-						// Reset audio input server stats to clear persistent warnings
-						ResetGlobalAudioInputServerStats()
-						// Attempt recovery if microphone is still having issues
-						time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
-						RecoverGlobalAudioInputServer()
-					}()
-				}
-			} else {
-				logger.Info().Bool("supervisor_running", supervisor.IsRunning()).Msg("audio input subprocess not connected, configuration will apply on next start")
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 // GetMicrophoneConfig returns the current microphone configuration
 func GetMicrophoneConfig() AudioConfig {
 	return currentMicrophoneConfig
@@ -382,10 +291,12 @@ func RecordFrameReceived(bytes int) {
 
 // RecordFrameDropped increments the frames dropped counter with batched updates
 func RecordFrameDropped() {
+	atomic.AddUint64(&batchedFramesDropped, 1)
 }
 
 // RecordConnectionDrop increments the connection drops counter with batched updates
 func RecordConnectionDrop() {
+	atomic.AddUint64(&batchedConnectionDrops, 1)
 }
 
 // flushBatchedMetrics flushes accumulated metrics to the main counters

internal/audio/sized_buffer_pool.go

@@ -1,217 +0,0 @@
-package audio
-
-import (
-	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
-)
-
-// SizedBufferPool manages a pool of buffers with size tracking
-type SizedBufferPool struct {
-	// The underlying sync.Pool
-	pool sync.Pool
-
-	// Statistics for monitoring
-	totalBuffers atomic.Int64
-	totalBytes   atomic.Int64
-	gets         atomic.Int64
-	puts         atomic.Int64
-	misses       atomic.Int64
-
-	// Configuration
-	maxBufferSize int
-	defaultSize   int
-}
-
-// NewSizedBufferPool creates a new sized buffer pool
-func NewSizedBufferPool(defaultSize, maxBufferSize int) *SizedBufferPool {
-	pool := &SizedBufferPool{
-		maxBufferSize: maxBufferSize,
-		defaultSize:   defaultSize,
-	}
-
-	pool.pool = sync.Pool{
-		New: func() interface{} {
-			// Track pool misses
-			pool.misses.Add(1)
-
-			// Create new buffer with default size
-			buf := make([]byte, defaultSize)
-
-			// Return pointer-like to avoid allocations
-			slice := buf[:0]
-			ptrSlice := &slice
-
-			// Track statistics
-			pool.totalBuffers.Add(1)
-			pool.totalBytes.Add(int64(cap(buf)))
-
-			return ptrSlice
-		},
-	}
-
-	return pool
-}
-
-// Get returns a buffer from the pool with at least the specified capacity
-func (p *SizedBufferPool) Get(minCapacity int) []byte {
-	// Track gets
-	p.gets.Add(1)
-
-	// Get buffer from pool - handle pointer-like storage
-	var buf []byte
-	poolObj := p.pool.Get()
-	switch v := poolObj.(type) {
-	case *[]byte:
-		// Handle pointer-like storage from Put method
-		if v != nil {
-			buf = (*v)[:0] // Get the underlying slice
-		} else {
-			buf = make([]byte, 0, p.defaultSize)
-		}
-	case []byte:
-		// Handle direct slice for backward compatibility
-		buf = v
-	default:
-		// Fallback for unexpected types
-		buf = make([]byte, 0, p.defaultSize)
-		p.misses.Add(1)
-	}
-
-	// Check if buffer has sufficient capacity
-	if cap(buf) < minCapacity {
-		// Track statistics for the old buffer
-		p.totalBytes.Add(-int64(cap(buf)))
-
-		// Allocate new buffer with required capacity
-		buf = make([]byte, minCapacity)
-
-		// Track statistics for the new buffer
-		p.totalBytes.Add(int64(cap(buf)))
-	} else {
-		// Resize existing buffer
-		buf = buf[:minCapacity]
-	}
-
-	return buf
-}
-
-// Put returns a buffer to the pool
-func (p *SizedBufferPool) Put(buf []byte) {
-	// Track statistics
-	p.puts.Add(1)
-
-	// Don't pool excessively large buffers to prevent memory bloat
-	if cap(buf) > p.maxBufferSize {
-		// Track statistics
-		p.totalBuffers.Add(-1)
-		p.totalBytes.Add(-int64(cap(buf)))
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Clear buffer contents for security
-	for i := range buf {
-		buf[i] = 0
-	}
-
-	// Return to pool - use pointer-like approach to avoid allocations
-	slice := buf[:0]
-	p.pool.Put(&slice)
-}
-
-// GetStats returns statistics about the buffer pool
-func (p *SizedBufferPool) GetStats() (buffers, bytes, gets, puts, misses int64) {
-	buffers = p.totalBuffers.Load()
-	bytes = p.totalBytes.Load()
-	gets = p.gets.Load()
-	puts = p.puts.Load()
-	misses = p.misses.Load()
-	return
-}
-
-// BufferPoolStats contains statistics about a buffer pool
-type BufferPoolStats struct {
-	TotalBuffers      int64
-	TotalBytes        int64
-	Gets              int64
-	Puts              int64
-	Misses            int64
-	HitRate           float64
-	AverageBufferSize float64
-}
-
-// GetDetailedStats returns detailed statistics about the buffer pool
-func (p *SizedBufferPool) GetDetailedStats() BufferPoolStats {
-	buffers := p.totalBuffers.Load()
-	bytes := p.totalBytes.Load()
-	gets := p.gets.Load()
-	puts := p.puts.Load()
-	misses := p.misses.Load()
-
-	// Calculate hit rate
-	hitRate := 0.0
-	if gets > 0 {
-		hitRate = float64(gets-misses) / float64(gets) * 100.0
-	}
-
-	// Calculate average buffer size
-	avgSize := 0.0
-	if buffers > 0 {
-		avgSize = float64(bytes) / float64(buffers)
-	}
-
-	return BufferPoolStats{
-		TotalBuffers:      buffers,
-		TotalBytes:        bytes,
-		Gets:              gets,
-		Puts:              puts,
-		Misses:            misses,
-		HitRate:           hitRate,
-		AverageBufferSize: avgSize,
-	}
-}
-
-// Global audio buffer pools with different size classes
-var (
-	// Small buffers (up to 4KB)
-	smallBufferPool = NewSizedBufferPool(1024, 4*1024)
-
-	// Medium buffers (4KB to 64KB)
-	mediumBufferPool = NewSizedBufferPool(8*1024, 64*1024)
-
-	// Large buffers (64KB to 1MB)
-	largeBufferPool = NewSizedBufferPool(64*1024, 1024*1024)
-)
-
-// GetOptimalBuffer returns a buffer from the most appropriate pool based on size
-func GetOptimalBuffer(size int) []byte {
-	switch {
-	case size <= 4*1024:
-		return smallBufferPool.Get(size)
-	case size <= 64*1024:
-		return mediumBufferPool.Get(size)
-	default:
-		return largeBufferPool.Get(size)
-	}
-}
-
-// ReturnOptimalBuffer returns a buffer to the appropriate pool based on size
-func ReturnOptimalBuffer(buf []byte) {
-	size := cap(buf)
-	switch {
-	case size <= 4*1024:
-		smallBufferPool.Put(buf)
-	case size <= 64*1024:
-		mediumBufferPool.Put(buf)
-	default:
-		largeBufferPool.Put(buf)
-	}
-}
-
-// GetAllPoolStats returns statistics for all buffer pools
-func GetAllPoolStats() map[string]BufferPoolStats {
-	return map[string]BufferPoolStats{
-		"small":  smallBufferPool.GetDetailedStats(),
-		"medium": mediumBufferPool.GetDetailedStats(),
-		"large":  largeBufferPool.GetDetailedStats(),
-	}
-}

internal/audio/socket_buffer.go

@@ -156,23 +156,11 @@ func RecordSocketBufferMetrics(conn net.Conn, component string) {
 	}
 
 	// Get current socket buffer sizes
-	sendSize, recvSize, err := GetSocketBufferSizes(conn)
+	_, _, err := GetSocketBufferSizes(conn)
 	if err != nil {
 		// Log error but don't fail
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Record buffer sizes
+	// Socket buffer sizes recorded for debugging if needed
-	socketBufferSizeGauge.WithLabelValues(component, "send").Set(float64(sendSize))
-	socketBufferSizeGauge.WithLabelValues(component, "receive").Set(float64(recvSize))
-}
-
-// RecordSocketBufferOverflow records a socket buffer overflow event
-func RecordSocketBufferOverflow(component, bufferType string) {
-	socketBufferOverflowCounter.WithLabelValues(component, bufferType).Inc()
-}
-
-// UpdateSocketBufferUtilization updates socket buffer utilization metrics
-func UpdateSocketBufferUtilization(component, bufferType string, utilizationPercent float64) {
-	socketBufferUtilizationGauge.WithLabelValues(component, bufferType).Set(utilizationPercent)
 }

internal/network/netif.go

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ type NetworkInterfaceOptions struct {
 	DefaultHostname   string
 	OnStateChange     func(state *NetworkInterfaceState)
 	OnInitialCheck    func(state *NetworkInterfaceState)
-	OnDhcpLeaseChange func(lease *udhcpc.Lease)
+	OnDhcpLeaseChange func(lease *udhcpc.Lease, state *NetworkInterfaceState)
 	OnConfigChange    func(config *NetworkConfig)
 	NetworkConfig     *NetworkConfig
 }
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func NewNetworkInterfaceState(opts *NetworkInterfaceOptions) (*NetworkInterfaceS
 			_ = s.updateNtpServersFromLease(lease)
 			_ = s.setHostnameIfNotSame()
 
-			opts.OnDhcpLeaseChange(lease)
+			opts.OnDhcpLeaseChange(lease, s)
 		},
 	})
 

internal/timesync/ntp.go

@@ -9,17 +9,32 @@ import (
 	"github.com/beevik/ntp"
 )
 
-var defaultNTPServers = []string{
+var defaultNTPServerIPs = []string{
+	// These servers are known by static IP and as such don't need DNS lookups
+	// These are from Google and Cloudflare since if they're down, the internet
+	// is broken anyway
+	"162.159.200.1",      // time.cloudflare.com IPv4
+	"162.159.200.123",    // time.cloudflare.com IPv4
+	"2606:4700:f1::1",    // time.cloudflare.com IPv6
+	"2606:4700:f1::123",  // time.cloudflare.com IPv6
+	"216.239.35.0",       // time.google.com IPv4
+	"216.239.35.4",       // time.google.com IPv4
+	"216.239.35.8",       // time.google.com IPv4
+	"216.239.35.12",      // time.google.com IPv4
+	"2001:4860:4806::",   // time.google.com IPv6
+	"2001:4860:4806:4::", // time.google.com IPv6
+	"2001:4860:4806:8::", // time.google.com IPv6
+	"2001:4860:4806:c::", // time.google.com IPv6
+}
+
+var defaultNTPServerHostnames = []string{
+	// should use something from https://github.com/jauderho/public-ntp-servers
 	"time.apple.com",
 	"time.aws.com",
 	"time.windows.com",
 	"time.google.com",
-	"162.159.200.123",   // time.cloudflare.com IPv4
+	"time.cloudflare.com",
-	"2606:4700:f1::123", // time.cloudflare.com IPv6
+	"pool.ntp.org",
-	"0.pool.ntp.org",
-	"1.pool.ntp.org",
-	"2.pool.ntp.org",
-	"3.pool.ntp.org",
 }
 
 func (t *TimeSync) queryNetworkTime(ntpServers []string) (now *time.Time, offset *time.Duration) {

internal/timesync/timesync.go

@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ func (t *TimeSync) Sync() error {
 	var (
 		now    *time.Time
 		offset *time.Duration
+		log    zerolog.Logger
 	)
 
 	metricTimeSyncCount.Inc()
@@ -166,54 +167,54 @@ func (t *TimeSync) Sync() error {
 
 Orders:
 	for _, mode := range syncMode.Ordering {
+		log = t.l.With().Str("mode", mode).Logger()
 		switch mode {
 		case "ntp_user_provided":
 			if syncMode.Ntp {
-				t.l.Info().Msg("using NTP custom servers")
+				log.Info().Msg("using NTP custom servers")
 				now, offset = t.queryNetworkTime(t.networkConfig.TimeSyncNTPServers)
 				if now != nil {
-					t.l.Info().Str("source", "NTP").Time("now", *now).Msg("time obtained")
 					break Orders
 				}
 			}
 		case "ntp_dhcp":
 			if syncMode.Ntp {
-				t.l.Info().Msg("using NTP servers from DHCP")
+				log.Info().Msg("using NTP servers from DHCP")
 				now, offset = t.queryNetworkTime(t.dhcpNtpAddresses)
 				if now != nil {
-					t.l.Info().Str("source", "NTP DHCP").Time("now", *now).Msg("time obtained")
 					break Orders
 				}
 			}
 		case "ntp":
 			if syncMode.Ntp && syncMode.NtpUseFallback {
-				t.l.Info().Msg("using NTP fallback")
+				log.Info().Msg("using NTP fallback IPs")
-				now, offset = t.queryNetworkTime(defaultNTPServers)
+				now, offset = t.queryNetworkTime(defaultNTPServerIPs)
+				if now == nil {
+					log.Info().Msg("using NTP fallback hostnames")
+					now, offset = t.queryNetworkTime(defaultNTPServerHostnames)
+				}
 				if now != nil {
-					t.l.Info().Str("source", "NTP fallback").Time("now", *now).Msg("time obtained")
 					break Orders
 				}
 			}
 		case "http_user_provided":
 			if syncMode.Http {
-				t.l.Info().Msg("using HTTP custom URLs")
+				log.Info().Msg("using HTTP custom URLs")
 				now = t.queryAllHttpTime(t.networkConfig.TimeSyncHTTPUrls)
 				if now != nil {
-					t.l.Info().Str("source", "HTTP").Time("now", *now).Msg("time obtained")
 					break Orders
 				}
 			}
 		case "http":
 			if syncMode.Http && syncMode.HttpUseFallback {
-				t.l.Info().Msg("using HTTP fallback")
+				log.Info().Msg("using HTTP fallback")
 				now = t.queryAllHttpTime(defaultHTTPUrls)
 				if now != nil {
-					t.l.Info().Str("source", "HTTP fallback").Time("now", *now).Msg("time obtained")
 					break Orders
 				}
 			}
 		default:
-			t.l.Warn().Str("mode", mode).Msg("unknown time sync mode, skipping")
+			log.Warn().Msg("unknown time sync mode, skipping")
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -226,6 +227,8 @@ Orders:
 		now = &newNow
 	}
 
+	log.Info().Time("now", *now).Msg("time obtained")
+
 	err := t.setSystemTime(*now)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set system time: %w", err)

main.go

@@ -35,11 +35,6 @@ func startAudioSubprocess() error {
 	// Initialize validation cache for optimal performance
 	audio.InitValidationCache()
 
-	// Enable batch audio processing to reduce CGO call overhead
-	if err := audio.EnableBatchAudioProcessing(); err != nil {
-		logger.Warn().Err(err).Msg("failed to enable batch audio processing")
-	}
-
 	// Create audio server supervisor
 	audioSupervisor = audio.NewAudioOutputSupervisor()
 
@@ -108,9 +103,6 @@ func startAudioSubprocess() error {
 
 			// Stop audio relay when process exits
 			audio.StopAudioRelay()
-
-			// Disable batch audio processing
-			audio.DisableBatchAudioProcessing()
 		},
 		// onRestart
 		func(attempt int, delay time.Duration) {
@@ -254,16 +246,25 @@ func Main(audioServer bool, audioInputServer bool) {
 			if !config.AutoUpdateEnabled {
 				return
 			}
+
+			if isTimeSyncNeeded() || !timeSync.IsSyncSuccess() {
+				logger.Debug().Msg("system time is not synced, will retry in 30 seconds")
+				time.Sleep(30 * time.Second)
+				continue
+			}
+
 			if currentSession != nil {
 				logger.Debug().Msg("skipping update since a session is active")
 				time.Sleep(1 * time.Minute)
 				continue
 			}
+
 			includePreRelease := config.IncludePreRelease
 			err = TryUpdate(context.Background(), GetDeviceID(), includePreRelease)
 			if err != nil {
 				logger.Warn().Err(err).Msg("failed to auto update")
 			}
+
 			time.Sleep(1 * time.Hour)
 		}
 	}()

network.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ var (
 	networkState *network.NetworkInterfaceState
 )
 
-func networkStateChanged() {
+func networkStateChanged(isOnline bool) {
 	// do not block the main thread
 	go waitCtrlAndRequestDisplayUpdate(true)
 
@@ -37,6 +37,13 @@ func networkStateChanged() {
 			networkState.GetFQDN(),
 		}, true)
 	}
+
+	// if the network is now online, trigger an NTP sync if still needed
+	if isOnline && timeSync != nil && (isTimeSyncNeeded() || !timeSync.IsSyncSuccess()) {
+		if err := timeSync.Sync(); err != nil {
+			logger.Warn().Str("error", err.Error()).Msg("unable to sync time on network state change")
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 func initNetwork() error {
@@ -48,13 +55,13 @@ func initNetwork() error {
 		NetworkConfig:   config.NetworkConfig,
 		Logger:          networkLogger,
 		OnStateChange: func(state *network.NetworkInterfaceState) {
-			networkStateChanged()
+			networkStateChanged(state.IsOnline())
 		},
 		OnInitialCheck: func(state *network.NetworkInterfaceState) {
-			networkStateChanged()
+			networkStateChanged(state.IsOnline())
 		},
-		OnDhcpLeaseChange: func(lease *udhcpc.Lease) {
+		OnDhcpLeaseChange: func(lease *udhcpc.Lease, state *network.NetworkInterfaceState) {
-			networkStateChanged()
+			networkStateChanged(state.IsOnline())
 
 			if currentSession == nil {
 				return
@@ -64,7 +71,15 @@ func initNetwork() error {
 		},
 		OnConfigChange: func(networkConfig *network.NetworkConfig) {
 			config.NetworkConfig = networkConfig
-			networkStateChanged()
+			networkStateChanged(false)
+
+			if mDNS != nil {
+				_ = mDNS.SetListenOptions(networkConfig.GetMDNSMode())
+				_ = mDNS.SetLocalNames([]string{
+					networkState.GetHostname(),
+					networkState.GetFQDN(),
+				}, true)
+			}
 		},
 	})