types: clear remaining tsc errors across 41 files (76→14, behavior-preserving)

Per-file type-only fixes surfaced after the Supabase client was correctly
typed. All fixes preserve runtime behavior; no any/ts-ignore/ts-expect-error.

- lib/supabase/client.ts: annotate the browser client as SupabaseClient<Database>
  (same ssr/js drift as server.ts; fixes it centrally for all callers).
- Supabase embedded-select joins whose FK metadata is missing from the
  generated types are bridged with `as unknown as <target>` + a TODO to remove
  after regenerating types/database.ts.
- setState optimistic-update variance and raw <select> enum values cast to the
  precise element/union type; .insert payload fields (Json, enums) given the
  precise column type via satisfies/field casts.
- Added narrowing guards where a value was legitimately nullable (comms channel,
  public form page) without changing the intended path.

The 14 remaining errors are confined to the four files fixed in Phase B (real
bugs + the tautological actions.test rewrite). 639 tests still green.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <[email protected]>

components/classes/session-attendance.tsx

@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ export function SessionAttendance({
       toast.error(res.error)
       return
     }
-    setRows(((res as { data: Signup[] }).data) ?? [])
+    // TODO(types): remove after regenerating types/database.ts (missing FK relationship metadata)
+    setRows(((res as unknown as { data: Signup[] }).data) ?? [])
   }, [sessionId])
 
   useEffect(() => {