200 lines
2.9 KiB
TeX
200 lines
2.9 KiB
TeX
% 2026, Prof. Dr. Matthias Jung (DL9MJ)
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% DIPOL
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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% Hauptachse
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\begin{axis}[
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name=mainaxis,
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width=\linewidth,
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height=0.66*\linewidth,
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xmode=log,
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ymode=log,
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xmin=0.01,
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xmax=100,
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ymin=0.01,
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ymax=1000000,
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domain=0.01:100,
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samples=500,
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clip=false,
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xlabel={
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Distanz, normiert:
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$\displaystyle
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x=\frac{d}{\lambda/(2\pi)}
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$
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},
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ylabel={
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elektrische Feldstärke, normiert:
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$\lvert E\rvert/E_0$
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},
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tick label style={
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font=\normalsize
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},
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xtick={0.01,0.1,1,10,100},
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xticklabels={
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{$0{,}01$},
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{$0{,}1$},
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{$1$},
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{$10$},
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{$100$}
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},
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grid=both,
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%axis on top,
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legend style={
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at={(0.98,0.98)},
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anchor=north east,
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fill=white,
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draw=black,
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font=\large
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}
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]
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% Elektrisches Feld:
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%
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% |E|/E0 =
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% sqrt[(1/x^3 - 1/x)^2 + 1/x^4]
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%
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\addplot[
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DARCorange,
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very thick
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]
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{
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sqrt(
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(1/x^3 - 1/x)^2
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+ 1/x^4
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)
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};
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% Magnetisches Feld:
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%
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% |H|/(E0/Z0) =
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% sqrt[1/x^4 + 1/x^2]
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%
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\addplot[
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DARCgreen,
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very thick
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]
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{
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sqrt(
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1/x^4
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+ 1/x^2
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)
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};
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% Markierung bei r = lambda/(2 pi), also x=1
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\draw[
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black,
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dashed,
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line width=1pt
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]
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(axis cs:1,0.01)
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--
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(axis cs:1,1000000);
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\node[
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anchor=north west,
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]
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at (axis cs:1.05,200000)
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{
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$\displaystyle d=\frac{\lambda}{2\pi}$
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};
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% Erklärung Nahfeld
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\node[
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anchor=west,
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fill=white,
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draw=DARCorange,
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align=center
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]
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at (axis cs:0.060,70000)
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{
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$\displaystyle |E|\sim\frac{1}{d^3}$
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};
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\node[
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anchor=west,
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fill=white,
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draw=DARCgreen,
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align=center
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]
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at (axis cs:0.035,2)
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{
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$\displaystyle |H|\sim\frac{1}{d^2}$
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};
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% Grenze Fernfeld: r = 4 lambda
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\draw[
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black,
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dashed,
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line width=1pt
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]
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(axis cs:{8*pi},0.01)
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--
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(axis cs:{8*pi},1000000);
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\node[
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anchor=north west,
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]
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at (axis cs:{8*pi*1.03},200000)
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{
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$\displaystyle d=4\lambda$
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};
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% Erklärung Fernfeld
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\node[
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anchor=center,
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fill=white,
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draw=black,
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align=center
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]
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at (axis cs:25,1)
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{
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$\displaystyle |E|,|H|\sim\frac{1}{d}$
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};
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% Bereiche
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\node[
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anchor=south,
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font=\scriptsize\bfseries
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]
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at (axis cs:0.1,1300000)
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{Reaktives Nahfeld};
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\node[
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anchor=south,
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font=\scriptsize\bfseries
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]
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at (axis cs:5,1300000)
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{Strahlendes Nahfeld};
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\node[
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anchor=south,
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font=\scriptsize\bfseries
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]
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at (axis cs:50,1300000)
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{Fernfeld};
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\end{axis}
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% Rechte y-Achse für das normierte H-Feld
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\begin{axis}[
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width=\linewidth,
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height=0.66*\linewidth,
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at={(mainaxis.south west)},
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anchor=south west,
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xmode=log,
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ymode=log,
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xmin=0.01,
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xmax=100,
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ymin=0.01,
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ymax=1000000,
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axis x line=none,
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axis y line*=right,
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ylabel={
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magnetische Feldstärke, normiert:
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$\lvert H\rvert/(E_0/Z_0)$
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},
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tick label style={
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font=\normalsize
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},
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grid=none
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]
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\end{axis}
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\end{tikzpicture} |