From 93c5887153c2c891c84c06a4ed639c8694860a8d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Marc Brooks <IDisposable@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2025 06:23:35 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1/5] Add ability to track modifier state on the device

Remove LED sync source and add keypress reporting

We return the modifiers as the valid bitmask so that the VirtualKeyboard can represent the correct keys as down. This is important when we have strokes like Left-Control + Right-Control + Keypad-1 (used in switching KVMs and such)
---
 internal/usbgadget/hid_keyboard.go            | 196 ++++++--
 internal/usbgadget/usbgadget.go               |  13 +-
 jsonrpc.go                                    |   2 +
 ui/eslint.config.cjs                          |   4 +
 ui/package-lock.json                          | 426 +++++++++---------
 ui/src/components/InfoBar.tsx                 |  21 +-
 ui/src/components/VirtualKeyboard.tsx         |  34 +-
 ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx             | 134 +++---
 ui/src/hooks/stores.ts                        |  51 +--
 ui/src/hooks/useKeyboard.ts                   |  28 +-
 ui/src/keyboardMappings.ts                    |   1 +
 .../routes/devices.$id.settings.keyboard.tsx  |  28 +-
 ui/src/routes/devices.$id.tsx                 |  38 +-
 usb.go                                        |  20 +-
 webrtc.go                                     |   8 +-
 15 files changed, 570 insertions(+), 434 deletions(-)

diff --git a/internal/usbgadget/hid_keyboard.go b/internal/usbgadget/hid_keyboard.go
index 6ad3b6a..7be48d4 100644
--- a/internal/usbgadget/hid_keyboard.go
+++ b/internal/usbgadget/hid_keyboard.go
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 package usbgadget
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
-	"reflect"
 	"time"
 )
 
@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ var keyboardReportDesc = []byte{
 
 const (
 	hidReadBufferSize = 8
+	hidKeyBufferSize  = 6
+	hidErrorRollOver  = 0x01
 	// https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/documents/hid1_11.pdf
 	// https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/hut1_2.pdf
 	KeyboardLedMaskNumLock    = 1 << 0
@@ -68,7 +70,9 @@ const (
 	KeyboardLedMaskScrollLock = 1 << 2
 	KeyboardLedMaskCompose    = 1 << 3
 	KeyboardLedMaskKana       = 1 << 4
-	ValidKeyboardLedMasks     = KeyboardLedMaskNumLock | KeyboardLedMaskCapsLock | KeyboardLedMaskScrollLock | KeyboardLedMaskCompose | KeyboardLedMaskKana
+	// power on/off LED is 5
+	KeyboardLedMaskShift  = 1 << 6
+	ValidKeyboardLedMasks = KeyboardLedMaskNumLock | KeyboardLedMaskCapsLock | KeyboardLedMaskScrollLock | KeyboardLedMaskCompose | KeyboardLedMaskKana | KeyboardLedMaskShift
 )
 
 // Synchronization between LED states and CAPS LOCK, NUM LOCK, SCROLL LOCK,
@@ -81,6 +85,7 @@ type KeyboardState struct {
 	ScrollLock bool `json:"scroll_lock"`
 	Compose    bool `json:"compose"`
 	Kana       bool `json:"kana"`
+	Shift      bool `json:"shift"` // This is not part of the main USB HID spec
 }
 
 func getKeyboardState(b byte) KeyboardState {
@@ -91,27 +96,27 @@ func getKeyboardState(b byte) KeyboardState {
 		ScrollLock: b&KeyboardLedMaskScrollLock != 0,
 		Compose:    b&KeyboardLedMaskCompose != 0,
 		Kana:       b&KeyboardLedMaskKana != 0,
+		Shift:      b&KeyboardLedMaskShift != 0,
 	}
 }
 
-func (u *UsbGadget) updateKeyboardState(b byte) {
+func (u *UsbGadget) updateKeyboardState(state byte) {
 	u.keyboardStateLock.Lock()
 	defer u.keyboardStateLock.Unlock()
 
-	if b&^ValidKeyboardLedMasks != 0 {
-		u.log.Trace().Uint8("b", b).Msg("contains invalid bits, ignoring")
+	if state&^ValidKeyboardLedMasks != 0 {
+		u.log.Error().Uint8("state", state).Msg("ignoring invalid bits")
 		return
 	}
 
-	newState := getKeyboardState(b)
-	if reflect.DeepEqual(u.keyboardState, newState) {
+	if u.keyboardState == state {
 		return
 	}
-	u.log.Info().Interface("old", u.keyboardState).Interface("new", newState).Msg("keyboardState updated")
-	u.keyboardState = newState
+	u.log.Trace().Interface("old", u.keyboardState).Interface("new", state).Msg("keyboardState updated")
+	u.keyboardState = state
 
 	if u.onKeyboardStateChange != nil {
-		(*u.onKeyboardStateChange)(newState)
+		(*u.onKeyboardStateChange)(getKeyboardState(state))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -123,7 +128,52 @@ func (u *UsbGadget) GetKeyboardState() KeyboardState {
 	u.keyboardStateLock.Lock()
 	defer u.keyboardStateLock.Unlock()
 
-	return u.keyboardState
+	return getKeyboardState(u.keyboardState)
+}
+
+const (
+	// https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/documents/hid1_11.pdf Appendix C
+	ModifierMaskLeftControl  = 0x01
+	ModifierMaskRightControl = 0x10
+	ModifierMaskLeftShift    = 0x02
+	ModifierMaskRightShift   = 0x20
+	ModifierMaskLeftAlt      = 0x04
+	ModifierMaskRightAlt     = 0x40
+	ModifierMaskLeftSuper    = 0x08
+	ModifierMaskRightSuper   = 0x80
+
+	EitherShiftMask   = ModifierMaskLeftShift | ModifierMaskRightShift
+	EitherControlMask = ModifierMaskLeftControl | ModifierMaskRightControl
+	EitherAltMask     = ModifierMaskLeftAlt | ModifierMaskRightAlt
+	EitherSuperMask   = ModifierMaskLeftSuper | ModifierMaskRightSuper
+)
+
+func (u *UsbGadget) GetKeysDownState() KeysDownState {
+	u.keyboardStateLock.Lock()
+	defer u.keyboardStateLock.Unlock()
+
+	return u.keysDownState
+}
+
+func (u *UsbGadget) updateKeyDownState(state KeysDownState) {
+	u.keyboardStateLock.Lock()
+	defer u.keyboardStateLock.Unlock()
+
+	if u.keysDownState.Modifier == state.Modifier &&
+		bytes.Equal(u.keysDownState.Keys, state.Keys) {
+		return // No change in key down state
+	}
+
+	u.log.Trace().Interface("old", u.keysDownState).Interface("new", state).Msg("keysDownState updated")
+	u.keysDownState = state
+
+	if u.onKeysDownChange != nil {
+		(*u.onKeysDownChange)(state)
+	}
+}
+
+func (u *UsbGadget) SetOnKeysDownChange(f func(state KeysDownState)) {
+	u.onKeysDownChange = &f
 }
 
 func (u *UsbGadget) listenKeyboardEvents() {
@@ -142,7 +192,7 @@ func (u *UsbGadget) listenKeyboardEvents() {
 				l.Info().Msg("context done")
 				return
 			default:
-				l.Trace().Msg("reading from keyboard")
+				l.Trace().Msg("reading from keyboard for LED state changes")
 				if u.keyboardHidFile == nil {
 					u.logWithSuppression("keyboardHidFileNil", 100, &l, nil, "keyboardHidFile is nil")
 					// show the error every 100 times to avoid spamming the logs
@@ -195,12 +245,12 @@ func (u *UsbGadget) OpenKeyboardHidFile() error {
 	return u.openKeyboardHidFile()
 }
 
-func (u *UsbGadget) keyboardWriteHidFile(data []byte) error {
+func (u *UsbGadget) keyboardWriteHidFile(modifier byte, keys []byte) error {
 	if err := u.openKeyboardHidFile(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	_, err := u.keyboardHidFile.Write(data)
+	_, err := u.keyboardHidFile.Write(append([]byte{modifier, 0x00}, keys[:]...))
 	if err != nil {
 		u.logWithSuppression("keyboardWriteHidFile", 100, u.log, err, "failed to write to hidg0")
 		u.keyboardHidFile.Close()
@@ -211,22 +261,116 @@ func (u *UsbGadget) keyboardWriteHidFile(data []byte) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (u *UsbGadget) KeyboardReport(modifier uint8, keys []uint8) error {
+func (u *UsbGadget) KeyboardReport(modifier byte, keys []byte) error {
 	u.keyboardLock.Lock()
 	defer u.keyboardLock.Unlock()
+	defer u.resetUserInputTime()
 
-	if len(keys) > 6 {
-		keys = keys[:6]
+	if len(keys) > hidKeyBufferSize {
+		keys = keys[:hidKeyBufferSize]
 	}
-	if len(keys) < 6 {
-		keys = append(keys, make([]uint8, 6-len(keys))...)
+	if len(keys) < hidKeyBufferSize {
+		keys = append(keys, make([]byte, hidKeyBufferSize-len(keys))...)
 	}
 
-	err := u.keyboardWriteHidFile([]byte{modifier, 0, keys[0], keys[1], keys[2], keys[3], keys[4], keys[5]})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	u.resetUserInputTime()
-	return nil
+	return u.keyboardWriteHidFile(modifier, keys)
+}
+
+const (
+	// https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/documents/hut1_2.pdf
+	// Dynamic Flags (DV)
+	LeftControl  = 0xE0
+	LeftShift    = 0xE1
+	LeftAlt      = 0xE2
+	LeftSuper    = 0xE3 // Left GUI (e.g. Windows key, Apple Command key)
+	RightControl = 0xE4
+	RightShift   = 0xE5
+	RightAlt     = 0xE6
+	RightSuper   = 0xE7 // Right GUI (e.g. Windows key, Apple Command key)
+)
+
+// KeyCodeMask maps a key code to its corresponding bit mask
+type KeyCodeMask struct {
+	KeyCode byte
+	Mask    byte
+}
+
+// KeyCodeToMaskMap is a slice of KeyCodeMask for quick lookup
+var KeyCodeToMaskMap = map[uint8]uint8{
+	LeftControl:  ModifierMaskLeftControl,
+	LeftShift:    ModifierMaskLeftShift,
+	LeftAlt:      ModifierMaskLeftAlt,
+	LeftSuper:    ModifierMaskLeftSuper,
+	RightControl: ModifierMaskRightControl,
+	RightShift:   ModifierMaskRightShift,
+	RightAlt:     ModifierMaskRightAlt,
+	RightSuper:   ModifierMaskRightSuper,
+}
+
+func (u *UsbGadget) KeypressReport(key byte, press bool) (KeysDownState, error) {
+	u.keyboardLock.Lock()
+	defer u.keyboardLock.Unlock()
+	defer u.resetUserInputTime()
+
+	var state = u.keysDownState
+	modifier := state.Modifier
+	keys := state.Keys[:]
+
+	if mask, exists := KeyCodeToMaskMap[key]; exists {
+		// If the key is a modifier key, we update the keyboardModifier state
+		// by setting or clearing the corresponding bit in the modifier byte.
+		// This allows us to track the state of modifier keys like Shift, Control, Alt, and Super.
+		if press {
+			modifier |= mask
+		} else {
+			modifier &^= mask
+		}
+	} else {
+		// handle other keys that are not modifier keys by placing or removing them
+		// from the key buffer since the buffer tracks currently pressed keys
+		overrun := true
+		for i := range hidKeyBufferSize {
+			// If we find the key in the buffer the buffer, we either remove it (if press is false)
+			// or do nothing (if down is true) because the buffer tracks currently pressed keys
+			// and if we find a zero byte, we can place the key there (if press is true)
+			if keys[i] == key || keys[i] == 0 {
+				if press {
+					keys[i] = key // overwrites the zero byte or the same key if already pressed
+				} else {
+					// we are releasing the key, remove it from the buffer
+					if keys[i] != 0 {
+						copy(keys[i:], keys[i+1:])
+						keys[hidKeyBufferSize-1] = 0 // Clear the last byte
+					}
+				}
+				overrun = false // We found a slot for the key
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		// If we reach here it means we didn't find an empty slot or the key in the buffer
+		if overrun {
+			if press {
+				u.log.Error().Uint8("key", key).Msg("keyboard buffer overflow, key not added")
+				// Fill all key slots with ErrorRollOver (0x01) to indicate overflow
+				for i := range keys {
+					keys[i] = hidErrorRollOver
+				}
+			} else {
+				// If we are releasing a key, and we didn't find it in a slot, who cares?
+				u.log.Warn().Uint8("key", key).Msg("key not found in buffer, nothing to release")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := u.keyboardWriteHidFile(modifier, keys); err != nil {
+		u.log.Warn().Uint8("modifier", modifier).Bytes("keys", keys).Msg("Could not write keypress report to hidg0")
+	}
+
+	state.Modifier = modifier
+	state.Keys = keys
+
+	u.updateKeyDownState(state)
+
+	return state, nil
 }
diff --git a/internal/usbgadget/usbgadget.go b/internal/usbgadget/usbgadget.go
index cb70655..21e37cd 100644
--- a/internal/usbgadget/usbgadget.go
+++ b/internal/usbgadget/usbgadget.go
@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ var defaultUsbGadgetDevices = Devices{
 	MassStorage:   true,
 }
 
+type KeysDownState struct {
+	Modifier byte   `json:"modifier"`
+	Keys     []byte `json:"keys"`
+}
+
 // UsbGadget is a struct that represents a USB gadget.
 type UsbGadget struct {
 	name          string
@@ -60,7 +65,9 @@ type UsbGadget struct {
 	relMouseHidFile *os.File
 	relMouseLock    sync.Mutex
 
-	keyboardState       KeyboardState
+	keyboardState byte          // keyboard latched state (NumLock, CapsLock, ScrollLock, Compose, Kana)
+	keysDownState KeysDownState // keyboard dynamic state (modifier keys and pressed keys)
+
 	keyboardStateLock   sync.Mutex
 	keyboardStateCtx    context.Context
 	keyboardStateCancel context.CancelFunc
@@ -77,6 +84,7 @@ type UsbGadget struct {
 	txLock sync.Mutex
 
 	onKeyboardStateChange *func(state KeyboardState)
+	onKeysDownChange      *func(state KeysDownState)
 
 	log *zerolog.Logger
 
@@ -122,7 +130,8 @@ func newUsbGadget(name string, configMap map[string]gadgetConfigItem, enabledDev
 		txLock:              sync.Mutex{},
 		keyboardStateCtx:    keyboardCtx,
 		keyboardStateCancel: keyboardCancel,
-		keyboardState:       KeyboardState{},
+		keyboardState:       0,
+		keysDownState:       KeysDownState{Modifier: 0, Keys: make([]byte, hidKeyBufferSize)},
 		enabledDevices:      *enabledDevices,
 		lastUserInput:       time.Now(),
 		log:                 logger,
diff --git a/jsonrpc.go b/jsonrpc.go
index a0264b8..81b6a65 100644
--- a/jsonrpc.go
+++ b/jsonrpc.go
@@ -1047,6 +1047,8 @@ var rpcHandlers = map[string]RPCHandler{
 	"renewDHCPLease":         {Func: rpcRenewDHCPLease},
 	"keyboardReport":         {Func: rpcKeyboardReport, Params: []string{"modifier", "keys"}},
 	"getKeyboardLedState":    {Func: rpcGetKeyboardLedState},
+	"keypressReport":         {Func: rpcKeypressReport, Params: []string{"key", "press"}},
+	"getKeyDownState":        {Func: rpcGetKeysDownState},
 	"absMouseReport":         {Func: rpcAbsMouseReport, Params: []string{"x", "y", "buttons"}},
 	"relMouseReport":         {Func: rpcRelMouseReport, Params: []string{"dx", "dy", "buttons"}},
 	"wheelReport":            {Func: rpcWheelReport, Params: []string{"wheelY"}},
diff --git a/ui/eslint.config.cjs b/ui/eslint.config.cjs
index a6c0c1f..6e97258 100644
--- a/ui/eslint.config.cjs
+++ b/ui/eslint.config.cjs
@@ -66,6 +66,10 @@ module.exports = defineConfig([{
             groups: ["builtin", "external", "internal", "parent", "sibling"],
             "newlines-between": "always",
         }],
+    
+        "@typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars": ["warn", {
+            "argsIgnorePattern": "^_", "varsIgnorePattern": "^_"
+        }],
     },
 
     settings: {
diff --git a/ui/package-lock.json b/ui/package-lock.json
index 72a4849..bc05d41 100644
--- a/ui/package-lock.json
+++ b/ui/package-lock.json
@@ -112,9 +112,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@esbuild/aix-ppc64": {
-      "version": "0.25.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/aix-ppc64/-/aix-ppc64-0.25.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-urAvrUedIqEiFR3FYSLTWQgLu5tb+m0qZw0NBEasUeo6wuqatkMDaRT+1uABiGXEu5vqgPd7FGE1BhsAIy9QVA==",
+      "version": "0.25.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/aix-ppc64/-/aix-ppc64-0.25.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-OaGtL73Jck6pBKjNIe24BnFE6agGl+6KxDtTfHhy1HmhthfKouEcOhqpSL64K4/0WCtbKFLOdzD/44cJ4k9opA==",
       "cpu": [
         "ppc64"
       ],
@@ -128,9 +128,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@esbuild/android-arm": {
-      "version": "0.25.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-arm/-/android-arm-0.25.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-RONsAvGCz5oWyePVnLdZY/HHwA++nxYWIX1atInlaW6SEkwq6XkP3+cb825EUcRs5Vss/lGh/2YxAb5xqc07Uw==",
+      "version": "0.25.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-arm/-/android-arm-0.25.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5WNI1DaMtxQ7t7B6xa572XMXpHAaI/9Hnhk8lcxF4zVN4xstUgTlvuGDorBguKEnZO70qwEcLpfifMLoxiPqHQ==",
       "cpu": [
         "arm"
       ],
@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@esbuild/android-arm64": {
-      "version": "0.25.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-arm64/-/android-arm64-0.25.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-OD3p7LYzWpLhZEyATcTSJ67qB5D+20vbtr6vHlHWSQYhKtzUYrETuWThmzFpZtFsBIxRvhO07+UgVA9m0i/O1w==",
+      "version": "0.25.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-arm64/-/android-arm64-0.25.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-IDrddSmpSv51ftWslJMvl3Q2ZT98fUSL2/rlUXuVqRXHCs5EUF1/f+jbjF5+NG9UffUDMCiTyh8iec7u8RlTLg==",
       "cpu": [
         "arm64"
       ],
@@ -160,9 +160,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@esbuild/android-x64": {
-      "version": "0.25.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-x64/-/android-x64-0.25.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-yJAVPklM5+4+9dTeKwHOaA+LQkmrKFX96BM0A/2zQrbS6ENCmxc4OVoBs5dPkCCak2roAD+jKCdnmOqKszPkjA==",
+      "version": "0.25.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/android-x64/-/android-x64-0.25.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-I853iMZ1hWZdNllhVZKm34f4wErd4lMyeV7BLzEExGEIZYsOzqDWDf+y082izYUE8gtJnYHdeDpN/6tUdwvfiw==",
       "cpu": [
         "x64"
       ],
@@ -176,9 +176,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@esbuild/darwin-arm64": {
-      "version": "0.25.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/darwin-arm64/-/darwin-arm64-0.25.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Jw0mxgIaYX6R8ODrdkLLPwBqHTtYHJSmzzd+QeytSugzQ0Vg4c5rDky5VgkoowbZQahCbsv1rT1KW72MPIkevw==",
+      "version": "0.25.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/darwin-arm64/-/darwin-arm64-0.25.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-XIpIDMAjOELi/9PB30vEbVMs3GV1v2zkkPnuyRRURbhqjyzIINwj+nbQATh4H9GxUgH1kFsEyQMxwiLFKUS6Rg==",
       "cpu": [
         "arm64"
       ],
@@ -192,9 +192,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@esbuild/darwin-x64": {
-      "version": "0.25.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/darwin-x64/-/darwin-x64-0.25.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Vh2gLxxHnuoQ+GjPNvDSDRpoBCUzY4Pu0kBqMBDlK4fuWbKgGtmDIeEC081xi26PPjn+1tct+Bh8FjyLlw1Zlg==",
+      "version": "0.25.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/darwin-x64/-/darwin-x64-0.25.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-jhHfBzjYTA1IQu8VyrjCX4ApJDnH+ez+IYVEoJHeqJm9VhG9Dh2BYaJritkYK3vMaXrf7Ogr/0MQ8/MeIefsPQ==",
       "cpu": [
         "x64"
       ],
@@ -208,9 +208,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@esbuild/freebsd-arm64": {
-      "version": "0.25.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/freebsd-arm64/-/freebsd-arm64-0.25.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-YPJ7hDQ9DnNe5vxOm6jaie9QsTwcKedPvizTVlqWG9GBSq+BuyWEDazlGaDTC5NGU4QJd666V0yqCBL2oWKPfA==",
+      "version": "0.25.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/freebsd-arm64/-/freebsd-arm64-0.25.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-z93DmbnY6fX9+KdD4Ue/H6sYs+bhFQJNCPZsi4XWJoYblUqT06MQUdBCpcSfuiN72AbqeBFu5LVQTjfXDE2A6Q==",
       "cpu": [
         "arm64"
       ],
@@ -224,9 +224,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@esbuild/freebsd-x64": {
-      "version": "0.25.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/freebsd-x64/-/freebsd-x64-0.25.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-MmaEXxQRdXNFsRN/KcIimLnSJrk2r5H8v+WVafRWz5xdSVmWLoITZQXcgehI2ZE6gioE6HirAEToM/RvFBeuhw==",
+      "version": "0.25.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/freebsd-x64/-/freebsd-x64-0.25.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-mrKX6H/vOyo5v71YfXWJxLVxgy1kyt1MQaD8wZJgJfG4gq4DpQGpgTB74e5yBeQdyMTbgxp0YtNj7NuHN0PoZg==",
       "cpu": [
         "x64"
       ],
@@ -240,9 +240,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@esbuild/linux-arm": {
-      "version": "0.25.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-arm/-/linux-arm-0.25.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-FuzEP9BixzZohl1kLf76KEVOsxtIBFwCaLupVuk4eFVnOZfU+Wsn+x5Ryam7nILV2pkq2TqQM9EZPsOBuMC+kg==",
+      "version": "0.25.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@esbuild/linux-arm/-/linux-arm-0.25.9.tgz",
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-        "@eslint/plugin-kit": "^0.3.4",
+        "@eslint/js": "9.33.0",
+        "@eslint/plugin-kit": "^0.3.5",
         "@humanfs/node": "^0.16.6",
         "@humanwhocodes/module-importer": "^1.0.1",
         "@humanwhocodes/retry": "^0.4.2",
@@ -4747,9 +4747,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/js-base64": {
-      "version": "3.7.7",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/js-base64/-/js-base64-3.7.7.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-7rCnleh0z2CkXhH67J8K1Ytz0b2Y+yxTPL+/KOJoa20hfnVQ/3/T6W/KflYI4bRHRagNeXeU2bkNGI3v1oS/lw==",
+      "version": "3.7.8",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/js-base64/-/js-base64-3.7.8.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-hNngCeKxIUQiEUN3GPJOkz4wF/YvdUdbNL9hsBcMQTkKzboD7T/q3OYOuuPZLUE6dBxSGpwhk5mwuDud7JVAow==",
       "license": "BSD-3-Clause"
     },
     "node_modules/js-tokens": {
@@ -5851,9 +5851,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/react-simple-keyboard": {
-      "version": "3.8.106",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-simple-keyboard/-/react-simple-keyboard-3.8.106.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-ItCHCdhVCzn9huhenuyuHQMOGsl3UMLu5xAO1bkjj4AAgVoktFC1DQ4HWkOS6BGPvUJejFM3Q5hVM8Bl2oX9pA==",
+      "version": "3.8.108",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-simple-keyboard/-/react-simple-keyboard-3.8.108.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Q3JK/qnaDjTMaE6EcNOG4MJV8jHqug2K1YIz9j+QXgmAE/nUuHXuyAnLIZuU3uvqv2n/556l2hLkqr9jW1LgUw==",
       "license": "MIT",
       "peerDependencies": {
         "react": "^16.0.0 || ^17.0.0 || ^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0",
diff --git a/ui/src/components/InfoBar.tsx b/ui/src/components/InfoBar.tsx
index 7ce67a4..02ff170 100644
--- a/ui/src/components/InfoBar.tsx
+++ b/ui/src/components/InfoBar.tsx
@@ -38,9 +38,6 @@ export default function InfoBar() {
   }, [rpcDataChannel]);
 
   const keyboardLedState = useHidStore(state => state.keyboardLedState);
-  const keyboardLedStateSyncAvailable = useHidStore(state => state.keyboardLedStateSyncAvailable);
-  const keyboardLedSync = useSettingsStore(state => state.keyboardLedSync);
-
   const isTurnServerInUse = useRTCStore(state => state.isTurnServerInUse);
 
   const usbState = useHidStore(state => state.usbState);
@@ -122,19 +119,6 @@ export default function InfoBar() {
             </div>
           )}
 
-          {keyboardLedStateSyncAvailable ? (
-            <div
-              className={cx(
-                "shrink-0 p-1 px-1.5 text-xs",
-                keyboardLedSync !== "browser"
-                  ? "text-black dark:text-white"
-                  : "text-slate-800/20 dark:text-slate-300/20",
-              )}
-              title={"Your keyboard LED state is managed by" + (keyboardLedSync === "browser" ? " the browser" : " the host")}
-            >
-              {keyboardLedSync === "browser" ? "Browser" : "Host"}
-            </div>
-          ) : null}
           <div
             className={cx(
               "shrink-0 p-1 px-1.5 text-xs",
@@ -175,6 +159,11 @@ export default function InfoBar() {
               Kana
             </div>
           ) : null}
+          {keyboardLedState?.shift ? (
+            <div className="shrink-0 p-1 px-1.5 text-xs">
+              Shift
+            </div>
+          ) : null}
         </div>
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/ui/src/components/VirtualKeyboard.tsx b/ui/src/components/VirtualKeyboard.tsx
index 4ff04a9..18c5fbe 100644
--- a/ui/src/components/VirtualKeyboard.tsx
+++ b/ui/src/components/VirtualKeyboard.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { useShallow } from "zustand/react/shallow";
 import { ChevronDownIcon } from "@heroicons/react/16/solid";
 import { AnimatePresence, motion } from "framer-motion";
-import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import Keyboard from "react-simple-keyboard";
 
 import Card from "@components/Card";
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import "react-simple-keyboard/build/css/index.css";
 import AttachIconRaw from "@/assets/attach-icon.svg";
 import DetachIconRaw from "@/assets/detach-icon.svg";
 import { cx } from "@/cva.config";
-import { useHidStore, useSettingsStore, useUiStore } from "@/hooks/stores";
+import { useHidStore, useUiStore } from "@/hooks/stores";
 import useKeyboard from "@/hooks/useKeyboard";
 import { keyDisplayMap, keys, modifiers } from "@/keyboardMappings";
 
@@ -44,15 +44,19 @@ function KeyboardWrapper() {
 
   const isCapsLockActive = useHidStore(useShallow(state => state.keyboardLedState?.caps_lock));
 
-  // HID related states
-  const keyboardLedStateSyncAvailable = useHidStore(state => state.keyboardLedStateSyncAvailable);
-  const keyboardLedSync = useSettingsStore(state => state.keyboardLedSync);
-  const isKeyboardLedManagedByHost = useMemo(() =>
-    keyboardLedSync !== "browser" && keyboardLedStateSyncAvailable,
-    [keyboardLedSync, keyboardLedStateSyncAvailable],
-  );
+  /*
+  // These will be used to display the currently pressed keys and modifiers on the virtual keyboard
 
-  const setIsCapsLockActive = useHidStore(state => state.setIsCapsLockActive);
+  // used to show the modifier keys that are in the "down state" on the virtual keyboard
+  const keyNamesFromModifierMask = (activeModifiers: number): string[] => {
+    return Object.entries(modifiers).filter(m => (activeModifiers & m[1]) !== 0).map(m => m[0]);
+  }
+
+  // used to show the regular keys that are in the "down state" on the virtual keyboard
+  const keyNamesFromDownKeys = (downKeys: number[]) => {
+    return Object.entries(keys).filter(([_, code]) => downKeys.includes(code)).map(([name, _]) => name);
+  }
+  */
 
   const startDrag = useCallback((e: MouseEvent | TouchEvent) => {
     if (!keyboardRef.current) return;
@@ -168,19 +172,11 @@ function KeyboardWrapper() {
         toggleLayout();
 
         if (isCapsLockActive) {
-          if (!isKeyboardLedManagedByHost) {
-            setIsCapsLockActive(false);
-          }
           sendKeyboardEvent([keys["CapsLock"]], []);
           return;
         }
       }
 
-      // Handle caps lock state change
-      if (isKeyCaps && !isKeyboardLedManagedByHost) {
-        setIsCapsLockActive(!isCapsLockActive);
-      }
-
       // Collect new active keys and modifiers
       const newKeys = keys[cleanKey] ? [keys[cleanKey]] : [];
       const newModifiers =
@@ -196,7 +192,7 @@ function KeyboardWrapper() {
 
       setTimeout(resetKeyboardState, 100);
     },
-    [isCapsLockActive, isKeyboardLedManagedByHost, sendKeyboardEvent, resetKeyboardState, setIsCapsLockActive],
+    [isCapsLockActive, sendKeyboardEvent, resetKeyboardState],
   );
 
   const virtualKeyboard = useHidStore(state => state.isVirtualKeyboardEnabled);
diff --git a/ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx b/ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx
index 4312c91..3878284 100644
--- a/ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx
+++ b/ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import {
 
 export default function WebRTCVideo() {
   // Video and stream related refs and states
+  const oldSchool = false;// useSettingsStore(state => state.oldSchoolKeyboard);
   const videoElm = useRef<HTMLVideoElement>(null);
   const mediaStream = useRTCStore(state => state.mediaStream);
   const [isPlaying, setIsPlaying] = useState(false);
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ export default function WebRTCVideo() {
   const [isPointerLockActive, setIsPointerLockActive] = useState(false);
   // Store hooks
   const settings = useSettingsStore();
-  const { sendKeyboardEvent, resetKeyboardState } = useKeyboard();
+  const { sendKeyboardEvent, sendKeypressEvent, resetKeyboardState } = useKeyboard();
   const setMousePosition = useMouseStore(state => state.setMousePosition);
   const setMouseMove = useMouseStore(state => state.setMouseMove);
   const {
@@ -51,18 +52,6 @@ export default function WebRTCVideo() {
   const videoBrightness = useSettingsStore(state => state.videoBrightness);
   const videoContrast = useSettingsStore(state => state.videoContrast);
 
-  // HID related states
-  const keyboardLedStateSyncAvailable = useHidStore(state => state.keyboardLedStateSyncAvailable);
-  const keyboardLedSync = useSettingsStore(state => state.keyboardLedSync);
-  const isKeyboardLedManagedByHost = useMemo(() =>
-    keyboardLedSync !== "browser" && keyboardLedStateSyncAvailable,
-    [keyboardLedSync, keyboardLedStateSyncAvailable],
-  );
-
-  const setIsNumLockActive = useHidStore(state => state.setIsNumLockActive);
-  const setIsCapsLockActive = useHidStore(state => state.setIsCapsLockActive);
-  const setIsScrollLockActive = useHidStore(state => state.setIsScrollLockActive);
-
   // RTC related states
   const peerConnection = useRTCStore(state => state.peerConnection);
 
@@ -414,83 +403,66 @@ export default function WebRTCVideo() {
     async (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
       e.preventDefault();
       const prev = useHidStore.getState();
-      let code = e.code;
-      const key = e.key;
-
-      if (!isKeyboardLedManagedByHost) {
-        setIsNumLockActive(e.getModifierState("NumLock"));
-        setIsCapsLockActive(e.getModifierState("CapsLock"));
-        setIsScrollLockActive(e.getModifierState("ScrollLock"));
-      }
-
-      if (code == "IntlBackslash" && ["`", "~"].includes(key)) {
-        code = "Backquote";
-      } else if (code == "Backquote" && ["§", "±"].includes(key)) {
-        code = "IntlBackslash";
-      }
-
-      // Add the key to the active keys
-      const newKeys = [...prev.activeKeys, keys[code]].filter(Boolean);
-
-      // Add the modifier to the active modifiers
-      const newModifiers = handleModifierKeys(e, [
-        ...prev.activeModifiers,
-        modifiers[code],
-      ]);
+      const code = getAdjustedKeyCode(e);
+      const hidKey = keys[code];
 
       // When pressing the meta key + another key, the key will never trigger a keyup
       // event, so we need to clear the keys after a short delay
       // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=28089
       // https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1299553
-      if (e.metaKey) {
-        setTimeout(() => {
-          const prev = useHidStore.getState();
-          sendKeyboardEvent([], newModifiers || prev.activeModifiers);
-        }, 10);
-      }
+  
+      if (oldSchool) {
+        // Add the modifier to the active modifiers
+        const newModifiers = handleModifierKeys(e, [
+          ...prev.activeModifiers,
+          modifiers[code],
+        ]);
 
-      sendKeyboardEvent([...new Set(newKeys)], [...new Set(newModifiers)]);
+        // Add the key to the active keys
+        const newKeys = [...prev.activeKeys, hidKey].filter(Boolean);
+
+        if (e.metaKey) {
+          setTimeout((activeModifiers: number[]) => {
+            // TODO this should probably be passing prev.activeKeys not an empty array
+            sendKeyboardEvent([], newModifiers || activeModifiers);
+          }, 10, prev.activeModifiers);
+        }
+        sendKeyboardEvent([...new Set(newKeys)], [...new Set(newModifiers)]);
+      }
+      else {
+        if (e.metaKey) {
+          setTimeout(() => {
+            sendKeypressEvent(hidKey, false);
+          }, 10);
+        }
+        sendKeypressEvent(hidKey, true);
+      }
     },
-    [
-      handleModifierKeys,
-      sendKeyboardEvent,
-      isKeyboardLedManagedByHost,
-      setIsNumLockActive,
-      setIsCapsLockActive,
-      setIsScrollLockActive,
-    ],
+    [handleModifierKeys, oldSchool, sendKeyboardEvent, sendKeypressEvent],
   );
 
   const keyUpHandler = useCallback(
-    (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
+    async (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
       e.preventDefault();
       const prev = useHidStore.getState();
+      const code = getAdjustedKeyCode(e);
+      const hidKey = keys[code];
 
-      if (!isKeyboardLedManagedByHost) {
-        setIsNumLockActive(e.getModifierState("NumLock"));
-        setIsCapsLockActive(e.getModifierState("CapsLock"));
-        setIsScrollLockActive(e.getModifierState("ScrollLock"));
+      if (oldSchool) {
+        // Filter out the modifier that was just released
+        const newModifiers = handleModifierKeys(
+          e,
+          prev.activeModifiers.filter(k => k !== modifiers[code]),
+        );
+
+        // Filtering out the key that was just released (keys[e.code])
+        const newKeys = prev.activeKeys.filter(k => k !== hidKey).filter(Boolean);
+        sendKeyboardEvent([...new Set(newKeys)], [...new Set(newModifiers)]);
+      } else {
+        sendKeypressEvent(hidKey, false);
       }
-
-      // Filtering out the key that was just released (keys[e.code])
-      const newKeys = prev.activeKeys.filter(k => k !== keys[e.code]).filter(Boolean);
-
-      // Filter out the modifier that was just released
-      const newModifiers = handleModifierKeys(
-        e,
-        prev.activeModifiers.filter(k => k !== modifiers[e.code]),
-      );
-
-      sendKeyboardEvent([...new Set(newKeys)], [...new Set(newModifiers)]);
     },
-    [
-      handleModifierKeys,
-      sendKeyboardEvent,
-      isKeyboardLedManagedByHost,
-      setIsNumLockActive,
-      setIsCapsLockActive,
-      setIsScrollLockActive,
-    ],
+    [handleModifierKeys, oldSchool, sendKeyboardEvent, sendKeypressEvent],
   );
 
   const videoKeyUpHandler = useCallback((e: KeyboardEvent) => {
@@ -667,6 +639,18 @@ export default function WebRTCVideo() {
         };
   }, [videoSaturation, videoBrightness, videoContrast]);
 
+  function getAdjustedKeyCode(e: KeyboardEvent) {
+    const key = e.key;
+    let code = e.code;
+
+    if (code == "IntlBackslash" && ["`", "~"].includes(key)) {
+      code = "Backquote";
+    } else if (code == "Backquote" && ["§", "±"].includes(key)) {
+      code = "IntlBackslash";
+    }
+    return code;
+  }
+
   return (
     <div className="grid h-full w-full grid-rows-(--grid-layout)">
       <div className="flex min-h-[39.5px] flex-col">
diff --git a/ui/src/hooks/stores.ts b/ui/src/hooks/stores.ts
index aa29528..e788faa 100644
--- a/ui/src/hooks/stores.ts
+++ b/ui/src/hooks/stores.ts
@@ -283,8 +283,6 @@ export const useVideoStore = create<VideoState>(set => ({
   },
 }));
 
-export type KeyboardLedSync = "auto" | "browser" | "host";
-
 interface SettingsState {
   isCursorHidden: boolean;
   setCursorVisibility: (enabled: boolean) => void;
@@ -308,9 +306,6 @@ interface SettingsState {
   keyboardLayout: string;
   setKeyboardLayout: (layout: string) => void;
 
-  keyboardLedSync: KeyboardLedSync;
-  setKeyboardLedSync: (sync: KeyboardLedSync) => void;
-
   scrollThrottling: number;
   setScrollThrottling: (value: number) => void;
 
@@ -356,9 +351,6 @@ export const useSettingsStore = create(
       keyboardLayout: "en-US",
       setKeyboardLayout: layout => set({ keyboardLayout: layout }),
 
-      keyboardLedSync: "auto",
-      setKeyboardLedSync: sync => set({ keyboardLedSync: sync }),
-
       scrollThrottling: 0,
       setScrollThrottling: value => set({ scrollThrottling: value }),
 
@@ -436,14 +428,13 @@ export interface KeyboardLedState {
   scroll_lock: boolean;
   compose: boolean;
   kana: boolean;
+  shift: boolean; // Optional, as not all keyboards have a shift LED
 };
-const defaultKeyboardLedState: KeyboardLedState = {
-  num_lock: false,
-  caps_lock: false,
-  scroll_lock: false,
-  compose: false,
-  kana: false,
-};
+
+export interface KeysDownState {
+	modifier: number;
+	keys: number[];
+}
 
 export interface HidState {
   activeKeys: number[];
@@ -465,12 +456,9 @@ export interface HidState {
 
   keyboardLedState?: KeyboardLedState;
   setKeyboardLedState: (state: KeyboardLedState) => void;
-  setIsNumLockActive: (active: boolean) => void;
-  setIsCapsLockActive: (active: boolean) => void;
-  setIsScrollLockActive: (active: boolean) => void;
 
-  keyboardLedStateSyncAvailable: boolean;
-  setKeyboardLedStateSyncAvailable: (available: boolean) => void;
+  keysDownState?: KeysDownState;
+  setKeysDownState: (state: KeysDownState) => void;
 
   isVirtualKeyboardEnabled: boolean;
   setVirtualKeyboardEnabled: (enabled: boolean) => void;
@@ -482,9 +470,10 @@ export interface HidState {
   setUsbState: (state: HidState["usbState"]) => void;
 }
 
-export const useHidStore = create<HidState>((set, get) => ({
+export const useHidStore = create<HidState>((set) => ({
   activeKeys: [],
   activeModifiers: [],
+
   updateActiveKeysAndModifiers: ({ keys, modifiers }) => {
     return set({ activeKeys: keys, activeModifiers: modifiers });
   },
@@ -498,25 +487,11 @@ export const useHidStore = create<HidState>((set, get) => ({
   altGrCtrlTime: 0,
   setAltGrCtrlTime: time => set({ altGrCtrlTime: time }),
 
+  keyboardLedState: undefined,
   setKeyboardLedState: ledState => set({ keyboardLedState: ledState }),
-  setIsNumLockActive: active => {
-    const keyboardLedState = { ...(get().keyboardLedState || defaultKeyboardLedState) };
-    keyboardLedState.num_lock = active;
-    set({ keyboardLedState });
-  },
-  setIsCapsLockActive: active => {
-    const keyboardLedState = { ...(get().keyboardLedState || defaultKeyboardLedState) };
-    keyboardLedState.caps_lock = active;
-    set({ keyboardLedState });
-  },
-  setIsScrollLockActive: active => {
-    const keyboardLedState = { ...(get().keyboardLedState || defaultKeyboardLedState) };
-    keyboardLedState.scroll_lock = active;
-    set({ keyboardLedState });
-  },
 
-  keyboardLedStateSyncAvailable: false,
-  setKeyboardLedStateSyncAvailable: available => set({ keyboardLedStateSyncAvailable: available }),
+  keysDownState: undefined,
+  setKeysDownState: state => set({ keysDownState: state }),
 
   isVirtualKeyboardEnabled: false,
   setVirtualKeyboardEnabled: enabled => set({ isVirtualKeyboardEnabled: enabled }),
diff --git a/ui/src/hooks/useKeyboard.ts b/ui/src/hooks/useKeyboard.ts
index 0ce1eef..7861dd9 100644
--- a/ui/src/hooks/useKeyboard.ts
+++ b/ui/src/hooks/useKeyboard.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { useCallback } from "react";
 
-import { useHidStore, useRTCStore } from "@/hooks/stores";
+import { KeysDownState, useHidStore, useRTCStore } from "@/hooks/stores";
 import { useJsonRpc } from "@/hooks/useJsonRpc";
 import { keys, modifiers } from "@/keyboardMappings";
 
@@ -25,6 +25,30 @@ export default function useKeyboard() {
     [rpcDataChannel?.readyState, send, updateActiveKeysAndModifiers],
   );
 
+  const modifiersFromModifierMask = (activeModifiers: number): number[] => {
+    return Object.values(modifiers).filter(m => (activeModifiers & m) !== 0);
+  }
+
+  const sendKeypressEvent = useCallback(
+    (key: number, press: boolean) => {
+      if (rpcDataChannel?.readyState !== "open") return;
+
+      send("keypressReport", { key, press }, resp => {
+            if ("error" in resp) {
+              console.error("Failed to send keypress:", resp.error);
+            } else {
+              const keyDownState = resp.result as KeysDownState;
+              const keysDown = keyDownState.keys;
+              const activeModifiers = modifiersFromModifierMask(keyDownState.modifier) 
+
+              // We do this for the info bar to display the currently pressed keys for the user
+              updateActiveKeysAndModifiers({ keys: keysDown, modifiers: activeModifiers });
+            }
+          });
+    },
+    [rpcDataChannel?.readyState, send, updateActiveKeysAndModifiers],
+  );
+
   const resetKeyboardState = useCallback(() => {
     sendKeyboardEvent([], []);
   }, [sendKeyboardEvent]);
@@ -52,5 +76,5 @@ export default function useKeyboard() {
     }
   };
 
-  return { sendKeyboardEvent, resetKeyboardState, executeMacro };
+  return { sendKeyboardEvent, sendKeypressEvent, resetKeyboardState, executeMacro };
 }
diff --git a/ui/src/keyboardMappings.ts b/ui/src/keyboardMappings.ts
index bb24fbb..1395a59 100644
--- a/ui/src/keyboardMappings.ts
+++ b/ui/src/keyboardMappings.ts
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ export const keys = {
   F10: 0x43,
   F11: 0x44,
   F12: 0x45,
+  F13: 0x68,
   F14: 0x69,
   F15: 0x6a,
   F16: 0x6b,
diff --git a/ui/src/routes/devices.$id.settings.keyboard.tsx b/ui/src/routes/devices.$id.settings.keyboard.tsx
index 57119ba..40c7c6f 100644
--- a/ui/src/routes/devices.$id.settings.keyboard.tsx
+++ b/ui/src/routes/devices.$id.settings.keyboard.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo } from "react";
 
-import { KeyboardLedSync, useSettingsStore } from "@/hooks/stores";
+import { useSettingsStore } from "@/hooks/stores";
 import { useJsonRpc } from "@/hooks/useJsonRpc";
 import notifications from "@/notifications";
 import { SettingsPageHeader } from "@components/SettingsPageheader";
@@ -13,14 +13,10 @@ import { SettingsItem } from "./devices.$id.settings";
 
 export default function SettingsKeyboardRoute() {
   const keyboardLayout = useSettingsStore(state => state.keyboardLayout);
-  const keyboardLedSync = useSettingsStore(state => state.keyboardLedSync);
   const showPressedKeys = useSettingsStore(state => state.showPressedKeys);
   const setKeyboardLayout = useSettingsStore(
     state => state.setKeyboardLayout,
   );
-  const setKeyboardLedSync = useSettingsStore(
-    state => state.setKeyboardLedSync,
-  );
   const setShowPressedKeys = useSettingsStore(
     state => state.setShowPressedKeys,
   );
@@ -33,11 +29,6 @@ export default function SettingsKeyboardRoute() {
   }, [keyboardLayout]);
 
   const layoutOptions = keyboardOptions();
-  const ledSyncOptions = [
-    { value: "auto", label: "Automatic" },
-    { value: "browser", label: "Browser Only" },
-    { value: "host", label: "Host Only" },
-  ];
 
   const [send] = useJsonRpc();
 
@@ -91,23 +82,6 @@ export default function SettingsKeyboardRoute() {
         </p>
       </div>
 
-      <div className="space-y-4">
-        { /* this menu item could be renamed to plain "Keyboard layout" in the future, when also the virtual keyboard layout mappings are being implemented */ }
-        <SettingsItem
-          title="LED state synchronization"
-          description="Synchronize the LED state of the keyboard with the target device"
-        >
-          <SelectMenuBasic
-            size="SM"
-            label=""
-            fullWidth
-            value={keyboardLedSync}
-            onChange={e => setKeyboardLedSync(e.target.value as KeyboardLedSync)}
-            options={ledSyncOptions}
-          />
-        </SettingsItem>
-      </div>
-      
       <div className="space-y-4">
         <SettingsItem
           title="Show Pressed Keys"
diff --git a/ui/src/routes/devices.$id.tsx b/ui/src/routes/devices.$id.tsx
index 1785bcd..d5753ab 100644
--- a/ui/src/routes/devices.$id.tsx
+++ b/ui/src/routes/devices.$id.tsx
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import { cx } from "@/cva.config";
 import {
   HidState,
   KeyboardLedState,
+  KeysDownState,
   NetworkState,
   UpdateState,
   useDeviceStore,
@@ -590,7 +591,8 @@ export default function KvmIdRoute() {
   const keyboardLedState = useHidStore(state => state.keyboardLedState);
   const setKeyboardLedState = useHidStore(state => state.setKeyboardLedState);
 
-  const setKeyboardLedStateSyncAvailable = useHidStore(state => state.setKeyboardLedStateSyncAvailable);
+  const keysDownState = useHidStore(state => state.keysDownState);
+  const setKeysDownState = useHidStore(state => state.setKeysDownState);
 
   const [hasUpdated, setHasUpdated] = useState(false);
   const { navigateTo } = useDeviceUiNavigation();
@@ -617,7 +619,12 @@ export default function KvmIdRoute() {
       const ledState = resp.params as KeyboardLedState;
       console.log("Setting keyboard led state", ledState);
       setKeyboardLedState(ledState);
-      setKeyboardLedStateSyncAvailable(true);
+    }
+    
+    if (resp.method === "keysDownState") {
+      const downState = resp.params as KeysDownState;
+      console.log("Setting key down state", downState);
+      setKeysDownState(downState);
     }
 
     if (resp.method === "otaState") {
@@ -664,20 +671,29 @@ export default function KvmIdRoute() {
 
     send("getKeyboardLedState", {}, resp => {
       if ("error" in resp) {
-        // -32601 means the method is not supported
-        if (resp.error.code === -32601) {
-          setKeyboardLedStateSyncAvailable(false);
-          console.error("Failed to get keyboard led state, disabling sync", resp.error);
-        } else {
-          console.error("Failed to get keyboard led state", resp.error);
-        }
+        console.error("Failed to get keyboard led state", resp.error);
         return;
       }
       console.log("Keyboard led state", resp.result);
       setKeyboardLedState(resp.result as KeyboardLedState);
-      setKeyboardLedStateSyncAvailable(true);
     });
-  }, [rpcDataChannel?.readyState, send, setKeyboardLedState, setKeyboardLedStateSyncAvailable, keyboardLedState]);
+  }, [rpcDataChannel?.readyState, send, setKeyboardLedState, keyboardLedState]);
+
+  // request keyboard key down state from the device
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (rpcDataChannel?.readyState !== "open") return;
+    if (keysDownState !== undefined) return;
+    console.log("Requesting keys down state");
+
+    send("getKeyDownState", {}, resp => {
+      if ("error" in resp) {
+        console.error("Failed to get key down state", resp.error);
+        return;
+      }
+      console.log("Keyboard key down state", resp.result);
+      setKeysDownState(resp.result as KeysDownState);
+    });
+  }, [keysDownState, rpcDataChannel?.readyState, send, setKeysDownState]);
 
   // When the update is successful, we need to refresh the client javascript and show a success modal
   useEffect(() => {
diff --git a/usb.go b/usb.go
index f777f89..3cf6908 100644
--- a/usb.go
+++ b/usb.go
@@ -31,16 +31,26 @@ func initUsbGadget() {
 		}
 	})
 
+	gadget.SetOnKeysDownChange(func(state usbgadget.KeysDownState) {
+		if currentSession != nil {
+			writeJSONRPCEvent("keysDownState", state, currentSession)
+		}
+	})
+
 	// open the keyboard hid file to listen for keyboard events
 	if err := gadget.OpenKeyboardHidFile(); err != nil {
 		usbLogger.Error().Err(err).Msg("failed to open keyboard hid file")
 	}
 }
 
-func rpcKeyboardReport(modifier uint8, keys []uint8) error {
+func rpcKeyboardReport(modifier byte, keys []byte) error {
 	return gadget.KeyboardReport(modifier, keys)
 }
 
+func rpcKeypressReport(key byte, press bool) (usbgadget.KeysDownState, error) {
+	return gadget.KeypressReport(key, press)
+}
+
 func rpcAbsMouseReport(x, y int, buttons uint8) error {
 	return gadget.AbsMouseReport(x, y, buttons)
 }
@@ -57,6 +67,10 @@ func rpcGetKeyboardLedState() (state usbgadget.KeyboardState) {
 	return gadget.GetKeyboardState()
 }
 
+func rpcGetKeysDownState() (state usbgadget.KeysDownState) {
+	return gadget.GetKeysDownState()
+}
+
 var usbState = "unknown"
 
 func rpcGetUSBState() (state string) {
@@ -66,7 +80,7 @@ func rpcGetUSBState() (state string) {
 func triggerUSBStateUpdate() {
 	go func() {
 		if currentSession == nil {
-			usbLogger.Info().Msg("No active RPC session, skipping update state update")
+			usbLogger.Info().Msg("No active RPC session, skipping USB state update")
 			return
 		}
 		writeJSONRPCEvent("usbState", usbState, currentSession)
@@ -78,9 +92,9 @@ func checkUSBState() {
 	if newState == usbState {
 		return
 	}
+	usbLogger.Info().Str("from", usbState).Str("to", newState).Msg("USB state changed")
 	usbState = newState
 
-	usbLogger.Info().Str("from", usbState).Str("to", newState).Msg("USB state changed")
 	requestDisplayUpdate(true)
 	triggerUSBStateUpdate()
 }
diff --git a/webrtc.go b/webrtc.go
index f6c8529..f62a0f2 100644
--- a/webrtc.go
+++ b/webrtc.go
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ func newSession(config SessionConfig) (*Session, error) {
 		ICEServers: []webrtc.ICEServer{iceServer},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
+		scopedLogger.Warn().Err(err).Msg("Failed to create PeerConnection")
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	session := &Session{peerConnection: peerConnection}
@@ -133,11 +134,13 @@ func newSession(config SessionConfig) (*Session, error) {
 
 	session.VideoTrack, err = webrtc.NewTrackLocalStaticSample(webrtc.RTPCodecCapability{MimeType: webrtc.MimeTypeH264}, "video", "kvm")
 	if err != nil {
+		scopedLogger.Warn().Err(err).Msg("Failed to create VideoTrack")
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	rtpSender, err := peerConnection.AddTrack(session.VideoTrack)
 	if err != nil {
+		scopedLogger.Warn().Err(err).Msg("Failed to add VideoTrack to PeerConnection")
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
@@ -187,8 +190,9 @@ func newSession(config SessionConfig) (*Session, error) {
 				currentSession = nil
 			}
 			if session.shouldUmountVirtualMedia {
-				err := rpcUnmountImage()
-				scopedLogger.Warn().Err(err).Msg("unmount image failed on connection close")
+				if err := rpcUnmountImage(); err != nil {
+					scopedLogger.Warn().Err(err).Msg("unmount image failed on connection close")
+				}
 			}
 			if isConnected {
 				isConnected = false

From 0c766343e4cd175c760cf3e77b28a992f6bf9151 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Marc Brooks <IDisposable@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2025 01:32:20 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 2/5] Remove all the old school code

---
 ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx | 125 +++---------------------------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 114 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx b/ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx
index 3878284..ec86149 100644
--- a/ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx
+++ b/ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx
@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@ import notifications from "@/notifications";
 import useKeyboard from "@/hooks/useKeyboard";
 import { useJsonRpc } from "@/hooks/useJsonRpc";
 import { cx } from "@/cva.config";
-import { keys, modifiers } from "@/keyboardMappings";
+import { keys } from "@/keyboardMappings";
 import {
-  useHidStore,
   useMouseStore,
   useRTCStore,
   useSettingsStore,
@@ -27,7 +26,6 @@ import {
 
 export default function WebRTCVideo() {
   // Video and stream related refs and states
-  const oldSchool = false;// useSettingsStore(state => state.oldSchoolKeyboard);
   const videoElm = useRef<HTMLVideoElement>(null);
   const mediaStream = useRTCStore(state => state.mediaStream);
   const [isPlaying, setIsPlaying] = useState(false);
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ export default function WebRTCVideo() {
   const [isPointerLockActive, setIsPointerLockActive] = useState(false);
   // Store hooks
   const settings = useSettingsStore();
-  const { sendKeyboardEvent, sendKeypressEvent, resetKeyboardState } = useKeyboard();
+  const { sendKeypressEvent, resetKeyboardState } = useKeyboard();
   const setMousePosition = useMouseStore(state => state.setMousePosition);
   const setMouseMove = useMouseStore(state => state.setMouseMove);
   const {
@@ -333,76 +331,9 @@ export default function WebRTCVideo() {
     sendAbsMouseMovement(0, 0, 0);
   }, [sendAbsMouseMovement]);
 
-  // Keyboard-related
-  const handleModifierKeys = useCallback(
-    (e: KeyboardEvent, activeModifiers: number[]) => {
-      const { shiftKey, ctrlKey, altKey, metaKey } = e;
-
-      const filteredModifiers = activeModifiers.filter(Boolean);
-
-      // Example: activeModifiers = [0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08]
-      // Assuming 0x01 = ControlLeft, 0x02 = ShiftLeft, 0x04 = AltLeft, 0x08 = MetaLeft
-      return (
-        filteredModifiers
-          // Shift: Keep if Shift is pressed or if the key isn't a Shift key
-          // Example: If shiftKey is true, keep all modifiers
-          // If shiftKey is false, filter out 0x02 (ShiftLeft) and 0x20 (ShiftRight)
-          .filter(
-            modifier =>
-              shiftKey ||
-              (modifier !== modifiers["ShiftLeft"] &&
-                modifier !== modifiers["ShiftRight"]),
-          )
-          // Ctrl: Keep if Ctrl is pressed or if the key isn't a Ctrl key
-          // Example: If ctrlKey is true, keep all modifiers
-          // If ctrlKey is false, filter out 0x01 (ControlLeft) and 0x10 (ControlRight)
-          .filter(
-            modifier =>
-              ctrlKey ||
-              (modifier !== modifiers["ControlLeft"] &&
-                modifier !== modifiers["ControlRight"]),
-          )
-          // Alt: Keep if Alt is pressed or if the key isn't an Alt key
-          // Example: If altKey is true, keep all modifiers
-          // If altKey is false, filter out 0x04 (AltLeft)
-          //
-          // But intentionally do not filter out 0x40 (AltRight) to accomodate
-          // Alt Gr (Alt Graph) as a modifier. Oddly, Alt Gr does not declare
-          // itself to be an altKey. For example, the KeyboardEvent for
-          // Alt Gr + 2 has the following structure:
-          // - altKey: false
-          // - code:   "Digit2"
-          // - type:   [ "keydown" | "keyup" ]
-          //
-          // For context, filteredModifiers aims to keep track which modifiers
-          // are being pressed on the physical keyboard at any point in time.
-          // There is logic in the keyUpHandler and keyDownHandler to add and
-          // remove 0x40 (AltRight) from the list of new modifiers.
-          //
-          // But relying on the two handlers alone to track the state of the
-          // modifier bears the risk that the key up event for Alt Gr could
-          // get lost while the browser window is temporarily out of focus,
-          // which means the Alt Gr key state would then be "stuck". At this
-          // point, we would need to rely on the user to press Alt Gr again
-          // to properly release the state of that modifier.
-          .filter(modifier => altKey || modifier !== modifiers["AltLeft"])
-          // Meta: Keep if Meta is pressed or if the key isn't a Meta key
-          // Example: If metaKey is true, keep all modifiers
-          // If metaKey is false, filter out 0x08 (MetaLeft) and 0x80 (MetaRight)
-          .filter(
-            modifier =>
-              metaKey ||
-              (modifier !== modifiers["MetaLeft"] && modifier !== modifiers["MetaRight"]),
-          )
-      );
-    },
-    [],
-  );
-
   const keyDownHandler = useCallback(
     async (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
       e.preventDefault();
-      const prev = useHidStore.getState();
       const code = getAdjustedKeyCode(e);
       const hidKey = keys[code];
 
@@ -410,59 +341,25 @@ export default function WebRTCVideo() {
       // event, so we need to clear the keys after a short delay
       // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=28089
       // https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1299553
-  
-      if (oldSchool) {
-        // Add the modifier to the active modifiers
-        const newModifiers = handleModifierKeys(e, [
-          ...prev.activeModifiers,
-          modifiers[code],
-        ]);
-
-        // Add the key to the active keys
-        const newKeys = [...prev.activeKeys, hidKey].filter(Boolean);
-
-        if (e.metaKey) {
-          setTimeout((activeModifiers: number[]) => {
-            // TODO this should probably be passing prev.activeKeys not an empty array
-            sendKeyboardEvent([], newModifiers || activeModifiers);
-          }, 10, prev.activeModifiers);
-        }
-        sendKeyboardEvent([...new Set(newKeys)], [...new Set(newModifiers)]);
-      }
-      else {
-        if (e.metaKey) {
-          setTimeout(() => {
-            sendKeypressEvent(hidKey, false);
-          }, 10);
-        }
-        sendKeypressEvent(hidKey, true);
+      if (e.metaKey) {
+        setTimeout(() => {
+          sendKeypressEvent(hidKey, false);
+        }, 10);
       }
+      sendKeypressEvent(hidKey, true);
+      
     },
-    [handleModifierKeys, oldSchool, sendKeyboardEvent, sendKeypressEvent],
+    [sendKeypressEvent],
   );
 
   const keyUpHandler = useCallback(
     async (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
       e.preventDefault();
-      const prev = useHidStore.getState();
       const code = getAdjustedKeyCode(e);
       const hidKey = keys[code];
-
-      if (oldSchool) {
-        // Filter out the modifier that was just released
-        const newModifiers = handleModifierKeys(
-          e,
-          prev.activeModifiers.filter(k => k !== modifiers[code]),
-        );
-
-        // Filtering out the key that was just released (keys[e.code])
-        const newKeys = prev.activeKeys.filter(k => k !== hidKey).filter(Boolean);
-        sendKeyboardEvent([...new Set(newKeys)], [...new Set(newModifiers)]);
-      } else {
-        sendKeypressEvent(hidKey, false);
-      }
+      sendKeypressEvent(hidKey, false);
     },
-    [handleModifierKeys, oldSchool, sendKeyboardEvent, sendKeypressEvent],
+    [sendKeypressEvent],
   );
 
   const videoKeyUpHandler = useCallback((e: KeyboardEvent) => {

From 0ef60189c07c4d48066e18486077534f61e7f745 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Marc Brooks <IDisposable@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2025 16:39:55 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 3/5] Fix handling of meta keys in client

---
 jsonrpc.go                        | 63 +++++++++++++++++++------------
 ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx | 14 ++++++-
 ui/src/keyboardMappings.ts        | 10 ++++-
 3 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/jsonrpc.go b/jsonrpc.go
index 81b6a65..dedf586 100644
--- a/jsonrpc.go
+++ b/jsonrpc.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/pion/webrtc/v4"
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
 	"go.bug.st/serial"
 
 	"github.com/jetkvm/kvm/internal/usbgadget"
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ func onRPCMessage(message webrtc.DataChannelMessage, session *Session) {
 	}
 
 	scopedLogger.Trace().Msg("Calling RPC handler")
-	result, err := callRPCHandler(handler, request.Params)
+	result, err := callRPCHandler(scopedLogger, handler, request.Params)
 	if err != nil {
 		scopedLogger.Error().Err(err).Msg("Error calling RPC handler")
 		errorResponse := JSONRPCResponse{
@@ -472,7 +473,7 @@ type RPCHandler struct {
 }
 
 // call the handler but recover from a panic to ensure our RPC thread doesn't collapse on malformed calls
-func callRPCHandler(handler RPCHandler, params map[string]interface{}) (result interface{}, err error) {
+func callRPCHandler(logger zerolog.Logger, handler RPCHandler, params map[string]interface{}) (result interface{}, err error) {
 	// Use defer to recover from a panic
 	defer func() {
 		if r := recover(); r != nil {
@@ -486,11 +487,11 @@ func callRPCHandler(handler RPCHandler, params map[string]interface{}) (result i
 	}()
 
 	// Call the handler
-	result, err = riskyCallRPCHandler(handler, params)
-	return result, err
+	result, err = riskyCallRPCHandler(logger, handler, params)
+	return result, err // do not combine these two lines into one, as it breaks the above defer function's setting of err
 }
 
-func riskyCallRPCHandler(handler RPCHandler, params map[string]interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func riskyCallRPCHandler(logger zerolog.Logger, handler RPCHandler, params map[string]interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 	handlerValue := reflect.ValueOf(handler.Func)
 	handlerType := handlerValue.Type()
 
@@ -499,20 +500,24 @@ func riskyCallRPCHandler(handler RPCHandler, params map[string]interface{}) (int
 	}
 
 	numParams := handlerType.NumIn()
-	args := make([]reflect.Value, numParams)
-	// Get the parameter names from the RPCHandler
-	paramNames := handler.Params
+	paramNames := handler.Params // Get the parameter names from the RPCHandler
 
 	if len(paramNames) != numParams {
-		return nil, errors.New("mismatch between handler parameters and defined parameter names")
+		err := fmt.Errorf("mismatch between handler parameters (%d) and defined parameter names (%d)", numParams, len(paramNames))
+		logger.Error().Strs("paramNames", paramNames).Err(err).Msg("Cannot call RPC handler")
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	args := make([]reflect.Value, numParams)
+
 	for i := 0; i < numParams; i++ {
 		paramType := handlerType.In(i)
 		paramName := paramNames[i]
 		paramValue, ok := params[paramName]
 		if !ok {
-			return nil, errors.New("missing parameter: " + paramName)
+			err := fmt.Errorf("missing parameter: %s", paramName)
+			logger.Error().Err(err).Msg("Cannot marshal arguments for RPC handler")
+			return nil, err
 		}
 
 		convertedValue := reflect.ValueOf(paramValue)
@@ -529,7 +534,7 @@ func riskyCallRPCHandler(handler RPCHandler, params map[string]interface{}) (int
 						if elemValue.Kind() == reflect.Float64 && paramType.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8 {
 							intValue := int(elemValue.Float())
 							if intValue < 0 || intValue > 255 {
-								return nil, fmt.Errorf("value out of range for uint8: %v", intValue)
+								return nil, fmt.Errorf("value out of range for uint8: %v for parameter %s", intValue, paramName)
 							}
 							newSlice.Index(j).SetUint(uint64(intValue))
 						} else {
@@ -545,12 +550,12 @@ func riskyCallRPCHandler(handler RPCHandler, params map[string]interface{}) (int
 			} else if paramType.Kind() == reflect.Struct && convertedValue.Kind() == reflect.Map {
 				jsonData, err := json.Marshal(convertedValue.Interface())
 				if err != nil {
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal map to JSON: %v", err)
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal map to JSON: %v for parameter %s", err, paramName)
 				}
 
 				newStruct := reflect.New(paramType).Interface()
 				if err := json.Unmarshal(jsonData, newStruct); err != nil {
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal JSON into struct: %v", err)
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal JSON into struct: %v for parameter %s", err, paramName)
 				}
 				args[i] = reflect.ValueOf(newStruct).Elem()
 			} else {
@@ -561,6 +566,7 @@ func riskyCallRPCHandler(handler RPCHandler, params map[string]interface{}) (int
 		}
 	}
 
+	logger.Trace().Interface("args", args).Msg("Calling RPC handler")
 	results := handlerValue.Call(args)
 
 	if len(results) == 0 {
@@ -568,23 +574,32 @@ func riskyCallRPCHandler(handler RPCHandler, params map[string]interface{}) (int
 	}
 
 	if len(results) == 1 {
-		if results[0].Type().Implements(reflect.TypeOf((*error)(nil)).Elem()) {
-			if !results[0].IsNil() {
-				return nil, results[0].Interface().(error)
+		if ok, err := asError(results[0]); ok {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return results[0].Interface(), nil
+	}
+
+	if len(results) == 2 {
+		if ok, err := asError(results[1]); ok {
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
 			}
-			return nil, nil
 		}
 		return results[0].Interface(), nil
 	}
 
-	if len(results) == 2 && results[1].Type().Implements(reflect.TypeOf((*error)(nil)).Elem()) {
-		if !results[1].IsNil() {
-			return nil, results[1].Interface().(error)
-		}
-		return results[0].Interface(), nil
-	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("too many return values from handler: %d", len(results))
+}
 
-	return nil, errors.New("unexpected return values from handler")
+func asError(value reflect.Value) (bool, error) {
+	if value.Type().Implements(reflect.TypeOf((*error)(nil)).Elem()) {
+		if value.IsNil() {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+		return true, value.Interface().(error)
+	}
+	return false, nil
 }
 
 func rpcSetMassStorageMode(mode string) (string, error) {
diff --git a/ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx b/ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx
index ec86149..c377154 100644
--- a/ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx
+++ b/ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx
@@ -337,17 +337,21 @@ export default function WebRTCVideo() {
       const code = getAdjustedKeyCode(e);
       const hidKey = keys[code];
 
+      if (hidKey === undefined) {
+        console.warn(`Key down not mapped: ${code}`);
+        return;
+      }
+
       // When pressing the meta key + another key, the key will never trigger a keyup
       // event, so we need to clear the keys after a short delay
       // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=28089
       // https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1299553
-      if (e.metaKey) {
+      if (e.metaKey && hidKey < 0xE0) {
         setTimeout(() => {
           sendKeypressEvent(hidKey, false);
         }, 10);
       }
       sendKeypressEvent(hidKey, true);
-      
     },
     [sendKeypressEvent],
   );
@@ -357,6 +361,12 @@ export default function WebRTCVideo() {
       e.preventDefault();
       const code = getAdjustedKeyCode(e);
       const hidKey = keys[code];
+      
+      if (hidKey === undefined) {
+        console.warn(`Key up not mapped: ${code}`);
+        return;
+      }
+
       sendKeypressEvent(hidKey, false);
     },
     [sendKeypressEvent],
diff --git a/ui/src/keyboardMappings.ts b/ui/src/keyboardMappings.ts
index 1395a59..7122254 100644
--- a/ui/src/keyboardMappings.ts
+++ b/ui/src/keyboardMappings.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export const keys = {
   CapsLock: 0x39,
   Comma: 0x36,
   Compose: 0x65,
-  ContextMenu: 0,
+  ContextMenu: 0x65,  // same as Compose
   Delete: 0x4c,
   Digit0: 0x27,
   Digit1: 0x1e,
@@ -121,6 +121,14 @@ export const keys = {
   Space: 0x2c,
   SystemRequest: 0x9a,
   Tab: 0x2b,
+  ControlLeft: 0xe0,
+  ControlRight: 0xe4,
+  ShiftLeft: 0xe1,
+  ShiftRight: 0xe5,
+  AltLeft: 0xe2,
+  AltRight: 0xe6,
+  MetaLeft: 0xe3,
+  MetaRight: 0xe7,
 } as Record<string, number>;
 
 export const modifiers = {

From b3d8c3b77deb329244f311b6ee2d1031791f5bec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Marc Brooks <IDisposable@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2025 18:09:18 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] Ran go modernize

Morphs Interface{} to any
Ranges over SplitSeq and FieldSeq for iterating splits
Used min for end calculation remote_mount.Read
Used range 16 in wol.createMagicPacket

DID NOT apply the Omitempty cleanup.
---
 display.go                        | 20 +++++------
 internal/confparser/confparser.go | 20 +++++------
 internal/confparser/utils.go      |  2 +-
 internal/logging/logger.go        |  6 ++--
 internal/logging/pion.go          | 10 +++---
 internal/logging/utils.go         |  2 +-
 internal/network/hostname.go      |  2 +-
 internal/network/utils.go         |  2 +-
 internal/udhcpc/parser.go         |  4 +--
 internal/udhcpc/udhcpc.go         |  2 +-
 internal/usbgadget/usbgadget.go   |  2 +-
 internal/usbgadget/utils.go       |  2 +-
 jsonrpc.go                        | 58 +++++++++++++++----------------
 log.go                            |  2 +-
 native.go                         | 22 ++++++------
 remote_mount.go                   |  5 +--
 ui/package-lock.json              | 20 +++++------
 ui/package.json                   | 14 ++++----
 wol.go                            |  2 +-
 19 files changed, 97 insertions(+), 100 deletions(-)

diff --git a/display.go b/display.go
index 274bb8b..aab19fb 100644
--- a/display.go
+++ b/display.go
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const (
 // do not call this function directly, use switchToScreenIfDifferent instead
 // this function is not thread safe
 func switchToScreen(screen string) {
-	_, err := CallCtrlAction("lv_scr_load", map[string]interface{}{"obj": screen})
+	_, err := CallCtrlAction("lv_scr_load", map[string]any{"obj": screen})
 	if err != nil {
 		displayLogger.Warn().Err(err).Str("screen", screen).Msg("failed to switch to screen")
 		return
@@ -39,15 +39,15 @@ func switchToScreen(screen string) {
 }
 
 func lvObjSetState(objName string, state string) (*CtrlResponse, error) {
-	return CallCtrlAction("lv_obj_set_state", map[string]interface{}{"obj": objName, "state": state})
+	return CallCtrlAction("lv_obj_set_state", map[string]any{"obj": objName, "state": state})
 }
 
 func lvObjAddFlag(objName string, flag string) (*CtrlResponse, error) {
-	return CallCtrlAction("lv_obj_add_flag", map[string]interface{}{"obj": objName, "flag": flag})
+	return CallCtrlAction("lv_obj_add_flag", map[string]any{"obj": objName, "flag": flag})
 }
 
 func lvObjClearFlag(objName string, flag string) (*CtrlResponse, error) {
-	return CallCtrlAction("lv_obj_clear_flag", map[string]interface{}{"obj": objName, "flag": flag})
+	return CallCtrlAction("lv_obj_clear_flag", map[string]any{"obj": objName, "flag": flag})
 }
 
 func lvObjHide(objName string) (*CtrlResponse, error) {
@@ -59,27 +59,27 @@ func lvObjShow(objName string) (*CtrlResponse, error) {
 }
 
 func lvObjSetOpacity(objName string, opacity int) (*CtrlResponse, error) { // nolint:unused
-	return CallCtrlAction("lv_obj_set_style_opa_layered", map[string]interface{}{"obj": objName, "opa": opacity})
+	return CallCtrlAction("lv_obj_set_style_opa_layered", map[string]any{"obj": objName, "opa": opacity})
 }
 
 func lvObjFadeIn(objName string, duration uint32) (*CtrlResponse, error) {
-	return CallCtrlAction("lv_obj_fade_in", map[string]interface{}{"obj": objName, "time": duration})
+	return CallCtrlAction("lv_obj_fade_in", map[string]any{"obj": objName, "time": duration})
 }
 
 func lvObjFadeOut(objName string, duration uint32) (*CtrlResponse, error) {
-	return CallCtrlAction("lv_obj_fade_out", map[string]interface{}{"obj": objName, "time": duration})
+	return CallCtrlAction("lv_obj_fade_out", map[string]any{"obj": objName, "time": duration})
 }
 
 func lvLabelSetText(objName string, text string) (*CtrlResponse, error) {
-	return CallCtrlAction("lv_label_set_text", map[string]interface{}{"obj": objName, "text": text})
+	return CallCtrlAction("lv_label_set_text", map[string]any{"obj": objName, "text": text})
 }
 
 func lvImgSetSrc(objName string, src string) (*CtrlResponse, error) {
-	return CallCtrlAction("lv_img_set_src", map[string]interface{}{"obj": objName, "src": src})
+	return CallCtrlAction("lv_img_set_src", map[string]any{"obj": objName, "src": src})
 }
 
 func lvDispSetRotation(rotation string) (*CtrlResponse, error) {
-	return CallCtrlAction("lv_disp_set_rotation", map[string]interface{}{"rotation": rotation})
+	return CallCtrlAction("lv_disp_set_rotation", map[string]any{"rotation": rotation})
 }
 
 func updateLabelIfChanged(objName string, newText string) {
diff --git a/internal/confparser/confparser.go b/internal/confparser/confparser.go
index 5ccd1cb..aaa3968 100644
--- a/internal/confparser/confparser.go
+++ b/internal/confparser/confparser.go
@@ -16,22 +16,22 @@ import (
 type FieldConfig struct {
 	Name              string
 	Required          bool
-	RequiredIf        map[string]interface{}
+	RequiredIf        map[string]any
 	OneOf             []string
 	ValidateTypes     []string
-	Defaults          interface{}
+	Defaults          any
 	IsEmpty           bool
-	CurrentValue      interface{}
+	CurrentValue      any
 	TypeString        string
 	Delegated         bool
 	shouldUpdateValue bool
 }
 
-func SetDefaultsAndValidate(config interface{}) error {
+func SetDefaultsAndValidate(config any) error {
 	return setDefaultsAndValidate(config, true)
 }
 
-func setDefaultsAndValidate(config interface{}, isRoot bool) error {
+func setDefaultsAndValidate(config any, isRoot bool) error {
 	// first we need to check if the config is a pointer
 	if reflect.TypeOf(config).Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
 		return fmt.Errorf("config is not a pointer")
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ func setDefaultsAndValidate(config interface{}, isRoot bool) error {
 			Name:          field.Name,
 			OneOf:         splitString(field.Tag.Get("one_of")),
 			ValidateTypes: splitString(field.Tag.Get("validate_type")),
-			RequiredIf:    make(map[string]interface{}),
+			RequiredIf:    make(map[string]any),
 			CurrentValue:  fieldValue.Interface(),
 			IsEmpty:       false,
 			TypeString:    fieldType,
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ func setDefaultsAndValidate(config interface{}, isRoot bool) error {
 		// now check if the field has required_if
 		requiredIf := field.Tag.Get("required_if")
 		if requiredIf != "" {
-			requiredIfParts := strings.Split(requiredIf, ",")
-			for _, part := range requiredIfParts {
+			requiredIfParts := strings.SplitSeq(requiredIf, ",")
+			for part := range requiredIfParts {
 				partVal := strings.SplitN(part, "=", 2)
 				if len(partVal) != 2 {
 					return fmt.Errorf("invalid required_if for field `%s`: %s", field.Name, requiredIf)
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ func setDefaultsAndValidate(config interface{}, isRoot bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func validateFields(config interface{}, fields map[string]FieldConfig) error {
+func validateFields(config any, fields map[string]FieldConfig) error {
 	// now we can start to validate the fields
 	for _, fieldConfig := range fields {
 		if err := fieldConfig.validate(fields); err != nil {
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ func (f *FieldConfig) validate(fields map[string]FieldConfig) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (f *FieldConfig) populate(config interface{}) {
+func (f *FieldConfig) populate(config any) {
 	// update the field if it's not empty
 	if !f.shouldUpdateValue {
 		return
diff --git a/internal/confparser/utils.go b/internal/confparser/utils.go
index a46871e..36ee28b 100644
--- a/internal/confparser/utils.go
+++ b/internal/confparser/utils.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ func splitString(s string) []string {
 	return strings.Split(s, ",")
 }
 
-func toString(v interface{}) (string, error) {
+func toString(v any) (string, error) {
 	switch v := v.(type) {
 	case string:
 		return v, nil
diff --git a/internal/logging/logger.go b/internal/logging/logger.go
index 39156ec..3a8274c 100644
--- a/internal/logging/logger.go
+++ b/internal/logging/logger.go
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ var (
 		TimeFormat:    time.RFC3339,
 		PartsOrder:    []string{"time", "level", "scope", "component", "message"},
 		FieldsExclude: []string{"scope", "component"},
-		FormatPartValueByName: func(value interface{}, name string) string {
+		FormatPartValueByName: func(value any, name string) string {
 			val := fmt.Sprintf("%s", value)
 			if name == "component" {
 				if value == nil {
@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ func (l *Logger) updateLogLevel() {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		scopes := strings.Split(strings.ToLower(env), ",")
-		for _, scope := range scopes {
+		scopes := strings.SplitSeq(strings.ToLower(env), ",")
+		for scope := range scopes {
 			l.scopeLevels[scope] = level
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/internal/logging/pion.go b/internal/logging/pion.go
index 453b8bc..2676caf 100644
--- a/internal/logging/pion.go
+++ b/internal/logging/pion.go
@@ -13,32 +13,32 @@ type pionLogger struct {
 func (c pionLogger) Trace(msg string) {
 	c.logger.Trace().Msg(msg)
 }
-func (c pionLogger) Tracef(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+func (c pionLogger) Tracef(format string, args ...any) {
 	c.logger.Trace().Msgf(format, args...)
 }
 
 func (c pionLogger) Debug(msg string) {
 	c.logger.Debug().Msg(msg)
 }
-func (c pionLogger) Debugf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+func (c pionLogger) Debugf(format string, args ...any) {
 	c.logger.Debug().Msgf(format, args...)
 }
 func (c pionLogger) Info(msg string) {
 	c.logger.Info().Msg(msg)
 }
-func (c pionLogger) Infof(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+func (c pionLogger) Infof(format string, args ...any) {
 	c.logger.Info().Msgf(format, args...)
 }
 func (c pionLogger) Warn(msg string) {
 	c.logger.Warn().Msg(msg)
 }
-func (c pionLogger) Warnf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+func (c pionLogger) Warnf(format string, args ...any) {
 	c.logger.Warn().Msgf(format, args...)
 }
 func (c pionLogger) Error(msg string) {
 	c.logger.Error().Msg(msg)
 }
-func (c pionLogger) Errorf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+func (c pionLogger) Errorf(format string, args ...any) {
 	c.logger.Error().Msgf(format, args...)
 }
 
diff --git a/internal/logging/utils.go b/internal/logging/utils.go
index e622d96..73ae37a 100644
--- a/internal/logging/utils.go
+++ b/internal/logging/utils.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ func GetDefaultLogger() *zerolog.Logger {
 	return &defaultLogger
 }
 
-func ErrorfL(l *zerolog.Logger, format string, err error, args ...interface{}) error {
+func ErrorfL(l *zerolog.Logger, format string, err error, args ...any) error {
 	// TODO: move rootLogger to logging package
 	if l == nil {
 		l = &defaultLogger
diff --git a/internal/network/hostname.go b/internal/network/hostname.go
index d75255c..09d3996 100644
--- a/internal/network/hostname.go
+++ b/internal/network/hostname.go
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func updateEtcHosts(hostname string, fqdn string) error {
 	hostLine := fmt.Sprintf("127.0.1.1\t%s %s", hostname, fqdn)
 	hostLineExists := false
 
-	for _, line := range strings.Split(string(lines), "\n") {
+	for line := range strings.SplitSeq(string(lines), "\n") {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "127.0.1.1") {
 			hostLineExists = true
 			line = hostLine
diff --git a/internal/network/utils.go b/internal/network/utils.go
index 6d64332..797fd72 100644
--- a/internal/network/utils.go
+++ b/internal/network/utils.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ func lifetimeToTime(lifetime int) *time.Time {
 	return &t
 }
 
-func IsSame(a, b interface{}) bool {
+func IsSame(a, b any) bool {
 	aJSON, err := json.Marshal(a)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false
diff --git a/internal/udhcpc/parser.go b/internal/udhcpc/parser.go
index 66c3ba2..d75857c 100644
--- a/internal/udhcpc/parser.go
+++ b/internal/udhcpc/parser.go
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ func (l *Lease) SetLeaseExpiry() (time.Time, error) {
 func UnmarshalDHCPCLease(lease *Lease, str string) error {
 	// parse the lease file as a map
 	data := make(map[string]string)
-	for _, line := range strings.Split(str, "\n") {
+	for line := range strings.SplitSeq(str, "\n") {
 		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
 		// skip empty lines and comments
 		if line == "" || strings.HasPrefix(line, "#") {
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ func UnmarshalDHCPCLease(lease *Lease, str string) error {
 			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(ip))
 		case []net.IP:
 			val := make([]net.IP, 0)
-			for _, ipStr := range strings.Fields(value) {
+			for ipStr := range strings.FieldsSeq(value) {
 				ip := net.ParseIP(ipStr)
 				if ip == nil {
 					continue
diff --git a/internal/udhcpc/udhcpc.go b/internal/udhcpc/udhcpc.go
index 128ea66..7b4d6e4 100644
--- a/internal/udhcpc/udhcpc.go
+++ b/internal/udhcpc/udhcpc.go
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func NewDHCPClient(options *DHCPClientOptions) *DHCPClient {
 }
 
 func (c *DHCPClient) getWatchPaths() []string {
-	watchPaths := make(map[string]interface{})
+	watchPaths := make(map[string]any)
 	watchPaths[filepath.Dir(c.leaseFile)] = nil
 
 	if c.pidFile != "" {
diff --git a/internal/usbgadget/usbgadget.go b/internal/usbgadget/usbgadget.go
index 21e37cd..0e0604f 100644
--- a/internal/usbgadget/usbgadget.go
+++ b/internal/usbgadget/usbgadget.go
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ func newUsbGadget(name string, configMap map[string]gadgetConfigItem, enabledDev
 		keyboardStateCtx:    keyboardCtx,
 		keyboardStateCancel: keyboardCancel,
 		keyboardState:       0,
-		keysDownState:       KeysDownState{Modifier: 0, Keys: make([]byte, hidKeyBufferSize)},
+		keysDownState:       KeysDownState{Modifier: 0, Keys: []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, // must be initialized to hidKeyBufferSize (6) zero bytes
 		enabledDevices:      *enabledDevices,
 		lastUserInput:       time.Now(),
 		log:                 logger,
diff --git a/internal/usbgadget/utils.go b/internal/usbgadget/utils.go
index 8654924..f3d22ed 100644
--- a/internal/usbgadget/utils.go
+++ b/internal/usbgadget/utils.go
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func compareFileContent(oldContent []byte, newContent []byte, looserMatch bool)
 	return false
 }
 
-func (u *UsbGadget) logWithSuppression(counterName string, every int, logger *zerolog.Logger, err error, msg string, args ...interface{}) {
+func (u *UsbGadget) logWithSuppression(counterName string, every int, logger *zerolog.Logger, err error, msg string, args ...any) {
 	u.logSuppressionLock.Lock()
 	defer u.logSuppressionLock.Unlock()
 
diff --git a/jsonrpc.go b/jsonrpc.go
index dedf586..378c6a0 100644
--- a/jsonrpc.go
+++ b/jsonrpc.go
@@ -20,23 +20,23 @@ import (
 )
 
 type JSONRPCRequest struct {
-	JSONRPC string                 `json:"jsonrpc"`
-	Method  string                 `json:"method"`
-	Params  map[string]interface{} `json:"params,omitempty"`
-	ID      interface{}            `json:"id,omitempty"`
+	JSONRPC string         `json:"jsonrpc"`
+	Method  string         `json:"method"`
+	Params  map[string]any `json:"params,omitempty"`
+	ID      any            `json:"id,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type JSONRPCResponse struct {
-	JSONRPC string      `json:"jsonrpc"`
-	Result  interface{} `json:"result,omitempty"`
-	Error   interface{} `json:"error,omitempty"`
-	ID      interface{} `json:"id"`
+	JSONRPC string `json:"jsonrpc"`
+	Result  any    `json:"result,omitempty"`
+	Error   any    `json:"error,omitempty"`
+	ID      any    `json:"id"`
 }
 
 type JSONRPCEvent struct {
-	JSONRPC string      `json:"jsonrpc"`
-	Method  string      `json:"method"`
-	Params  interface{} `json:"params,omitempty"`
+	JSONRPC string `json:"jsonrpc"`
+	Method  string `json:"method"`
+	Params  any    `json:"params,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type DisplayRotationSettings struct {
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func writeJSONRPCResponse(response JSONRPCResponse, session *Session) {
 	}
 }
 
-func writeJSONRPCEvent(event string, params interface{}, session *Session) {
+func writeJSONRPCEvent(event string, params any, session *Session) {
 	request := JSONRPCEvent{
 		JSONRPC: "2.0",
 		Method:  event,
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func onRPCMessage(message webrtc.DataChannelMessage, session *Session) {
 
 		errorResponse := JSONRPCResponse{
 			JSONRPC: "2.0",
-			Error: map[string]interface{}{
+			Error: map[string]any{
 				"code":    -32700,
 				"message": "Parse error",
 			},
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ func onRPCMessage(message webrtc.DataChannelMessage, session *Session) {
 	if !ok {
 		errorResponse := JSONRPCResponse{
 			JSONRPC: "2.0",
-			Error: map[string]interface{}{
+			Error: map[string]any{
 				"code":    -32601,
 				"message": "Method not found",
 			},
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ func onRPCMessage(message webrtc.DataChannelMessage, session *Session) {
 		scopedLogger.Error().Err(err).Msg("Error calling RPC handler")
 		errorResponse := JSONRPCResponse{
 			JSONRPC: "2.0",
-			Error: map[string]interface{}{
+			Error: map[string]any{
 				"code":    -32603,
 				"message": "Internal error",
 				"data":    err.Error(),
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ func rpcGetStreamQualityFactor() (float64, error) {
 
 func rpcSetStreamQualityFactor(factor float64) error {
 	logger.Info().Float64("factor", factor).Msg("Setting stream quality factor")
-	var _, err = CallCtrlAction("set_video_quality_factor", map[string]interface{}{"quality_factor": factor})
+	var _, err = CallCtrlAction("set_video_quality_factor", map[string]any{"quality_factor": factor})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ func rpcSetEDID(edid string) error {
 	} else {
 		logger.Info().Str("edid", edid).Msg("Setting EDID")
 	}
-	_, err := CallCtrlAction("set_edid", map[string]interface{}{"edid": edid})
+	_, err := CallCtrlAction("set_edid", map[string]any{"edid": edid})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -468,12 +468,12 @@ func rpcSetTLSState(state TLSState) error {
 }
 
 type RPCHandler struct {
-	Func   interface{}
+	Func   any
 	Params []string
 }
 
 // call the handler but recover from a panic to ensure our RPC thread doesn't collapse on malformed calls
-func callRPCHandler(logger zerolog.Logger, handler RPCHandler, params map[string]interface{}) (result interface{}, err error) {
+func callRPCHandler(logger zerolog.Logger, handler RPCHandler, params map[string]any) (result any, err error) {
 	// Use defer to recover from a panic
 	defer func() {
 		if r := recover(); r != nil {
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ func callRPCHandler(logger zerolog.Logger, handler RPCHandler, params map[string
 	return result, err // do not combine these two lines into one, as it breaks the above defer function's setting of err
 }
 
-func riskyCallRPCHandler(logger zerolog.Logger, handler RPCHandler, params map[string]interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+func riskyCallRPCHandler(logger zerolog.Logger, handler RPCHandler, params map[string]any) (any, error) {
 	handlerValue := reflect.ValueOf(handler.Func)
 	handlerType := handlerValue.Type()
 
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ func riskyCallRPCHandler(logger zerolog.Logger, handler RPCHandler, params map[s
 
 	args := make([]reflect.Value, numParams)
 
-	for i := 0; i < numParams; i++ {
+	for i := range numParams {
 		paramType := handlerType.In(i)
 		paramName := paramNames[i]
 		paramValue, ok := params[paramName]
@@ -938,7 +938,7 @@ func rpcSetKeyboardLayout(layout string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func getKeyboardMacros() (interface{}, error) {
+func getKeyboardMacros() (any, error) {
 	macros := make([]KeyboardMacro, len(config.KeyboardMacros))
 	copy(macros, config.KeyboardMacros)
 
@@ -946,10 +946,10 @@ func getKeyboardMacros() (interface{}, error) {
 }
 
 type KeyboardMacrosParams struct {
-	Macros []interface{} `json:"macros"`
+	Macros []any `json:"macros"`
 }
 
-func setKeyboardMacros(params KeyboardMacrosParams) (interface{}, error) {
+func setKeyboardMacros(params KeyboardMacrosParams) (any, error) {
 	if params.Macros == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing or invalid macros parameter")
 	}
@@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ func setKeyboardMacros(params KeyboardMacrosParams) (interface{}, error) {
 	newMacros := make([]KeyboardMacro, 0, len(params.Macros))
 
 	for i, item := range params.Macros {
-		macroMap, ok := item.(map[string]interface{})
+		macroMap, ok := item.(map[string]any)
 		if !ok {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid macro at index %d", i)
 		}
@@ -975,16 +975,16 @@ func setKeyboardMacros(params KeyboardMacrosParams) (interface{}, error) {
 		}
 
 		steps := []KeyboardMacroStep{}
-		if stepsArray, ok := macroMap["steps"].([]interface{}); ok {
+		if stepsArray, ok := macroMap["steps"].([]any); ok {
 			for _, stepItem := range stepsArray {
-				stepMap, ok := stepItem.(map[string]interface{})
+				stepMap, ok := stepItem.(map[string]any)
 				if !ok {
 					continue
 				}
 
 				step := KeyboardMacroStep{}
 
-				if keysArray, ok := stepMap["keys"].([]interface{}); ok {
+				if keysArray, ok := stepMap["keys"].([]any); ok {
 					for _, k := range keysArray {
 						if keyStr, ok := k.(string); ok {
 							step.Keys = append(step.Keys, keyStr)
@@ -992,7 +992,7 @@ func setKeyboardMacros(params KeyboardMacrosParams) (interface{}, error) {
 					}
 				}
 
-				if modsArray, ok := stepMap["modifiers"].([]interface{}); ok {
+				if modsArray, ok := stepMap["modifiers"].([]any); ok {
 					for _, m := range modsArray {
 						if modStr, ok := m.(string); ok {
 							step.Modifiers = append(step.Modifiers, modStr)
diff --git a/log.go b/log.go
index b353a2c..1a091b1 100644
--- a/log.go
+++ b/log.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
 )
 
-func ErrorfL(l *zerolog.Logger, format string, err error, args ...interface{}) error {
+func ErrorfL(l *zerolog.Logger, format string, err error, args ...any) error {
 	return logging.ErrorfL(l, format, err, args...)
 }
 
diff --git a/native.go b/native.go
index 9807206..67f423a 100644
--- a/native.go
+++ b/native.go
@@ -21,18 +21,18 @@ import (
 var ctrlSocketConn net.Conn
 
 type CtrlAction struct {
-	Action string                 `json:"action"`
-	Seq    int32                  `json:"seq,omitempty"`
-	Params map[string]interface{} `json:"params,omitempty"`
+	Action string         `json:"action"`
+	Seq    int32          `json:"seq,omitempty"`
+	Params map[string]any `json:"params,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type CtrlResponse struct {
-	Seq    int32                  `json:"seq,omitempty"`
-	Error  string                 `json:"error,omitempty"`
-	Errno  int32                  `json:"errno,omitempty"`
-	Result map[string]interface{} `json:"result,omitempty"`
-	Event  string                 `json:"event,omitempty"`
-	Data   json.RawMessage        `json:"data,omitempty"`
+	Seq    int32           `json:"seq,omitempty"`
+	Error  string          `json:"error,omitempty"`
+	Errno  int32           `json:"errno,omitempty"`
+	Result map[string]any  `json:"result,omitempty"`
+	Event  string          `json:"event,omitempty"`
+	Data   json.RawMessage `json:"data,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type EventHandler func(event CtrlResponse)
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ var (
 	nativeCmdLock = &sync.Mutex{}
 )
 
-func CallCtrlAction(action string, params map[string]interface{}) (*CtrlResponse, error) {
+func CallCtrlAction(action string, params map[string]any) (*CtrlResponse, error) {
 	lock.Lock()
 	defer lock.Unlock()
 	ctrlAction := CtrlAction{
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ func ensureBinaryUpdated(destPath string) error {
 func restoreHdmiEdid() {
 	if config.EdidString != "" {
 		nativeLogger.Info().Str("edid", config.EdidString).Msg("Restoring HDMI EDID")
-		_, err := CallCtrlAction("set_edid", map[string]interface{}{"edid": config.EdidString})
+		_, err := CallCtrlAction("set_edid", map[string]any{"edid": config.EdidString})
 		if err != nil {
 			nativeLogger.Warn().Err(err).Msg("Failed to restore HDMI EDID")
 		}
diff --git a/remote_mount.go b/remote_mount.go
index befffcb..32a0fd2 100644
--- a/remote_mount.go
+++ b/remote_mount.go
@@ -27,10 +27,7 @@ func (w *WebRTCDiskReader) Read(ctx context.Context, offset int64, size int64) (
 	}
 	mountedImageSize := currentVirtualMediaState.Size
 	virtualMediaStateMutex.RUnlock()
-	end := offset + size
-	if end > mountedImageSize {
-		end = mountedImageSize
-	}
+	end := min(offset+size, mountedImageSize)
 	req := DiskReadRequest{
 		Start: uint64(offset),
 		End:   uint64(end),
diff --git a/ui/package-lock.json b/ui/package-lock.json
index bc05d41..ab6f459 100644
--- a/ui/package-lock.json
+++ b/ui/package-lock.json
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
         "react-hot-toast": "^2.5.2",
         "react-icons": "^5.5.0",
         "react-router-dom": "^6.22.3",
-        "react-simple-keyboard": "^3.8.106",
+        "react-simple-keyboard": "^3.8.109",
         "react-use-websocket": "^4.13.0",
         "react-xtermjs": "^1.0.10",
         "recharts": "^2.15.3",
@@ -41,22 +41,22 @@
         "zustand": "^4.5.2"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
-        "@eslint/compat": "^1.3.1",
+        "@eslint/compat": "^1.3.2",
         "@eslint/eslintrc": "^3.3.1",
-        "@eslint/js": "^9.32.0",
+        "@eslint/js": "^9.33.0",
         "@tailwindcss/forms": "^0.5.10",
         "@tailwindcss/postcss": "^4.1.11",
         "@tailwindcss/typography": "^0.5.16",
         "@tailwindcss/vite": "^4.1.11",
-        "@types/react": "^19.1.9",
+        "@types/react": "^19.1.10",
         "@types/react-dom": "^19.1.7",
         "@types/semver": "^7.7.0",
         "@types/validator": "^13.15.2",
-        "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.39.0",
-        "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.39.0",
+        "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.39.1",
+        "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.39.1",
         "@vitejs/plugin-react-swc": "^3.10.2",
         "autoprefixer": "^10.4.21",
-        "eslint": "^9.32.0",
+        "eslint": "^9.33.0",
         "eslint-config-prettier": "^10.1.8",
         "eslint-plugin-import": "^2.32.0",
         "eslint-plugin-react": "^7.37.5",
@@ -5851,9 +5851,9 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/react-simple-keyboard": {
-      "version": "3.8.108",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-simple-keyboard/-/react-simple-keyboard-3.8.108.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Q3JK/qnaDjTMaE6EcNOG4MJV8jHqug2K1YIz9j+QXgmAE/nUuHXuyAnLIZuU3uvqv2n/556l2hLkqr9jW1LgUw==",
+      "version": "3.8.109",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-simple-keyboard/-/react-simple-keyboard-3.8.109.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-FLlivKL4tb5G2cWOo2slOrMEkzzFX0Yg8P7k5qzisN8+TnqUPq+8G7N8D2+0oVkSmfeqZn6PyLCurGSitK4QIQ==",
       "license": "MIT",
       "peerDependencies": {
         "react": "^16.0.0 || ^17.0.0 || ^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0",
diff --git a/ui/package.json b/ui/package.json
index 9f0c298..4c929f0 100644
--- a/ui/package.json
+++ b/ui/package.json
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     "react-hot-toast": "^2.5.2",
     "react-icons": "^5.5.0",
     "react-router-dom": "^6.22.3",
-    "react-simple-keyboard": "^3.8.106",
+    "react-simple-keyboard": "^3.8.109",
     "react-use-websocket": "^4.13.0",
     "react-xtermjs": "^1.0.10",
     "recharts": "^2.15.3",
@@ -52,22 +52,22 @@
     "zustand": "^4.5.2"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@eslint/compat": "^1.3.1",
+    "@eslint/compat": "^1.3.2",
     "@eslint/eslintrc": "^3.3.1",
-    "@eslint/js": "^9.32.0",
+    "@eslint/js": "^9.33.0",
     "@tailwindcss/forms": "^0.5.10",
     "@tailwindcss/postcss": "^4.1.11",
     "@tailwindcss/typography": "^0.5.16",
     "@tailwindcss/vite": "^4.1.11",
-    "@types/react": "^19.1.9",
+    "@types/react": "^19.1.10",
     "@types/react-dom": "^19.1.7",
     "@types/semver": "^7.7.0",
     "@types/validator": "^13.15.2",
-    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.39.0",
-    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.39.0",
+    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.39.1",
+    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.39.1",
     "@vitejs/plugin-react-swc": "^3.10.2",
     "autoprefixer": "^10.4.21",
-    "eslint": "^9.32.0",
+    "eslint": "^9.33.0",
     "eslint-config-prettier": "^10.1.8",
     "eslint-plugin-import": "^2.32.0",
     "eslint-plugin-react": "^7.37.5",
diff --git a/wol.go b/wol.go
index 02b5c96..c3d0de2 100644
--- a/wol.go
+++ b/wol.go
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func createMagicPacket(mac net.HardwareAddr) []byte {
 	buf.Write(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xFF}, 6))
 
 	// Write the target MAC address 16 times
-	for i := 0; i < 16; i++ {
+	for range 16 {
 		_ = binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, mac)
 	}
 

From 1e57f4bf4fedf17aa59326998e85b2dc48a9d020 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Marc Brooks <IDisposable@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2025 18:10:31 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 5/5] Use the KeysDownState for the infobar

Strong typed in the typescript realm.
---
 internal/usbgadget/hid_keyboard.go       |  26 ++--
 internal/usbgadget/hid_mouse_absolute.go |  14 +-
 internal/usbgadget/hid_mouse_relative.go |  10 +-
 internal/usbgadget/usbgadget.go          |   4 +-
 internal/usbgadget/utils.go              |  26 ++++
 jsonrpc.go                               |   2 +-
 ui/src/components/InfoBar.tsx            |  57 +++++---
 ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx        |  22 +--
 ui/src/hooks/stores.ts                   | 170 +++++++++++------------
 ui/src/hooks/useJsonRpc.ts               |   4 +-
 ui/src/hooks/useKeyboard.ts              |  29 ++--
 ui/src/routes/devices.$id.tsx            |  70 +++++-----
 usb.go                                   |   4 +-
 13 files changed, 230 insertions(+), 208 deletions(-)

diff --git a/internal/usbgadget/hid_keyboard.go b/internal/usbgadget/hid_keyboard.go
index 7be48d4..2c4a456 100644
--- a/internal/usbgadget/hid_keyboard.go
+++ b/internal/usbgadget/hid_keyboard.go
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ func (u *UsbGadget) listenKeyboardEvents() {
 				}
 				u.resetLogSuppressionCounter("keyboardHidFileRead")
 
-				l.Trace().Int("n", n).Bytes("buf", buf).Msg("got data from keyboard")
+				l.Trace().Int("n", n).Uints8("buf", buf).Msg("got data from keyboard")
 				if n != 1 {
 					l.Trace().Int("n", n).Msg("expected 1 byte, got")
 					continue
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ func (u *UsbGadget) keyboardWriteHidFile(modifier byte, keys []byte) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	_, err := u.keyboardHidFile.Write(append([]byte{modifier, 0x00}, keys[:]...))
+	_, err := u.keyboardHidFile.Write(append([]byte{modifier, 0x00}, keys[:hidKeyBufferSize]...))
 	if err != nil {
 		u.logWithSuppression("keyboardWriteHidFile", 100, u.log, err, "failed to write to hidg0")
 		u.keyboardHidFile.Close()
@@ -289,14 +289,8 @@ const (
 	RightSuper   = 0xE7 // Right GUI (e.g. Windows key, Apple Command key)
 )
 
-// KeyCodeMask maps a key code to its corresponding bit mask
-type KeyCodeMask struct {
-	KeyCode byte
-	Mask    byte
-}
-
 // KeyCodeToMaskMap is a slice of KeyCodeMask for quick lookup
-var KeyCodeToMaskMap = map[uint8]uint8{
+var KeyCodeToMaskMap = map[byte]byte{
 	LeftControl:  ModifierMaskLeftControl,
 	LeftShift:    ModifierMaskLeftShift,
 	LeftAlt:      ModifierMaskLeftAlt,
@@ -314,7 +308,7 @@ func (u *UsbGadget) KeypressReport(key byte, press bool) (KeysDownState, error)
 
 	var state = u.keysDownState
 	modifier := state.Modifier
-	keys := state.Keys[:]
+	keys := append([]byte(nil), state.Keys...)
 
 	if mask, exists := KeyCodeToMaskMap[key]; exists {
 		// If the key is a modifier key, we update the keyboardModifier state
@@ -364,13 +358,15 @@ func (u *UsbGadget) KeypressReport(key byte, press bool) (KeysDownState, error)
 	}
 
 	if err := u.keyboardWriteHidFile(modifier, keys); err != nil {
-		u.log.Warn().Uint8("modifier", modifier).Bytes("keys", keys).Msg("Could not write keypress report to hidg0")
+		u.log.Warn().Uint8("modifier", modifier).Uints8("keys", keys).Msg("Could not write keypress report to hidg0")
 	}
 
-	state.Modifier = modifier
-	state.Keys = keys
+	var result = KeysDownState{
+		Modifier: modifier,
+		Keys:     []byte(keys[:]),
+	}
 
-	u.updateKeyDownState(state)
+	u.updateKeyDownState(result)
 
-	return state, nil
+	return result, nil
 }
diff --git a/internal/usbgadget/hid_mouse_absolute.go b/internal/usbgadget/hid_mouse_absolute.go
index 2718f20..c083b60 100644
--- a/internal/usbgadget/hid_mouse_absolute.go
+++ b/internal/usbgadget/hid_mouse_absolute.go
@@ -85,17 +85,17 @@ func (u *UsbGadget) absMouseWriteHidFile(data []byte) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (u *UsbGadget) AbsMouseReport(x, y int, buttons uint8) error {
+func (u *UsbGadget) AbsMouseReport(x int, y int, buttons uint8) error {
 	u.absMouseLock.Lock()
 	defer u.absMouseLock.Unlock()
 
 	err := u.absMouseWriteHidFile([]byte{
-		1,             // Report ID 1
-		buttons,       // Buttons
-		uint8(x),      // X Low Byte
-		uint8(x >> 8), // X High Byte
-		uint8(y),      // Y Low Byte
-		uint8(y >> 8), // Y High Byte
+		1,            // Report ID 1
+		buttons,      // Buttons
+		byte(x),      // X Low Byte
+		byte(x >> 8), // X High Byte
+		byte(y),      // Y Low Byte
+		byte(y >> 8), // Y High Byte
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
diff --git a/internal/usbgadget/hid_mouse_relative.go b/internal/usbgadget/hid_mouse_relative.go
index 786f265..70cb72c 100644
--- a/internal/usbgadget/hid_mouse_relative.go
+++ b/internal/usbgadget/hid_mouse_relative.go
@@ -75,15 +75,15 @@ func (u *UsbGadget) relMouseWriteHidFile(data []byte) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (u *UsbGadget) RelMouseReport(mx, my int8, buttons uint8) error {
+func (u *UsbGadget) RelMouseReport(mx int8, my int8, buttons uint8) error {
 	u.relMouseLock.Lock()
 	defer u.relMouseLock.Unlock()
 
 	err := u.relMouseWriteHidFile([]byte{
-		buttons,   // Buttons
-		uint8(mx), // X
-		uint8(my), // Y
-		0,         // Wheel
+		buttons,  // Buttons
+		byte(mx), // X
+		byte(my), // Y
+		0,        // Wheel
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
diff --git a/internal/usbgadget/usbgadget.go b/internal/usbgadget/usbgadget.go
index 0e0604f..3a01a44 100644
--- a/internal/usbgadget/usbgadget.go
+++ b/internal/usbgadget/usbgadget.go
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ var defaultUsbGadgetDevices = Devices{
 }
 
 type KeysDownState struct {
-	Modifier byte   `json:"modifier"`
-	Keys     []byte `json:"keys"`
+	Modifier byte      `json:"modifier"`
+	Keys     ByteSlice `json:"keys"`
 }
 
 // UsbGadget is a struct that represents a USB gadget.
diff --git a/internal/usbgadget/utils.go b/internal/usbgadget/utils.go
index f3d22ed..05fcd3a 100644
--- a/internal/usbgadget/utils.go
+++ b/internal/usbgadget/utils.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package usbgadget
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
@@ -10,6 +11,31 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
 )
 
+type ByteSlice []byte
+
+func (s ByteSlice) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	vals := make([]int, len(s))
+	for i, v := range s {
+		vals[i] = int(v)
+	}
+	return json.Marshal(vals)
+}
+
+func (s *ByteSlice) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	var vals []int
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &vals); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	*s = make([]byte, len(vals))
+	for i, v := range vals {
+		if v < 0 || v > 255 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("value %d out of byte range", v)
+		}
+		(*s)[i] = byte(v)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func joinPath(basePath string, paths []string) string {
 	pathArr := append([]string{basePath}, paths...)
 	return filepath.Join(pathArr...)
diff --git a/jsonrpc.go b/jsonrpc.go
index 378c6a0..7d05933 100644
--- a/jsonrpc.go
+++ b/jsonrpc.go
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ func riskyCallRPCHandler(logger zerolog.Logger, handler RPCHandler, params map[s
 		}
 	}
 
-	logger.Trace().Interface("args", args).Msg("Calling RPC handler")
+	logger.Trace().Msg("Calling RPC handler")
 	results := handlerValue.Call(args)
 
 	if len(results) == 0 {
diff --git a/ui/src/components/InfoBar.tsx b/ui/src/components/InfoBar.tsx
index 02ff170..8d3b40e 100644
--- a/ui/src/components/InfoBar.tsx
+++ b/ui/src/components/InfoBar.tsx
@@ -1,47 +1,65 @@
-import { useEffect } from "react";
+import { useEffect, useMemo } from "react";
 
 import { cx } from "@/cva.config";
 import {
+  HidState,
+  KeysDownState,
+  MouseState,
+  RTCState,
+  SettingsState,
   useHidStore,
   useMouseStore,
   useRTCStore,
   useSettingsStore,
   useVideoStore,
+  VideoState,
 } from "@/hooks/stores";
 import { keys, modifiers } from "@/keyboardMappings";
 
 export default function InfoBar() {
-  const activeKeys = useHidStore(state => state.activeKeys);
-  const activeModifiers = useHidStore(state => state.activeModifiers);
-  const mouseX = useMouseStore(state => state.mouseX);
-  const mouseY = useMouseStore(state => state.mouseY);
-  const mouseMove = useMouseStore(state => state.mouseMove);
+  const keysDownState = useHidStore((state: HidState) => state.keysDownState);
+  const mouseX = useMouseStore((state: MouseState) => state.mouseX);
+  const mouseY = useMouseStore((state: MouseState) => state.mouseY);
+  const mouseMove = useMouseStore((state: MouseState) => state.mouseMove);
 
   const videoClientSize = useVideoStore(
-    state => `${Math.round(state.clientWidth)}x${Math.round(state.clientHeight)}`,
+    (state: VideoState) => `${Math.round(state.clientWidth)}x${Math.round(state.clientHeight)}`,
   );
 
   const videoSize = useVideoStore(
-    state => `${Math.round(state.width)}x${Math.round(state.height)}`,
+    (state: VideoState) => `${Math.round(state.width)}x${Math.round(state.height)}`,
   );
 
-  const rpcDataChannel = useRTCStore(state => state.rpcDataChannel);
+  const rpcDataChannel = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.rpcDataChannel);
 
   const settings = useSettingsStore();
-  const showPressedKeys = useSettingsStore(state => state.showPressedKeys);
+  const showPressedKeys = useSettingsStore((state: SettingsState) => state.showPressedKeys);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!rpcDataChannel) return;
     rpcDataChannel.onclose = () => console.log("rpcDataChannel has closed");
-    rpcDataChannel.onerror = e =>
+    rpcDataChannel.onerror = (e: Event) =>
       console.log(`Error on DataChannel '${rpcDataChannel.label}': ${e}`);
   }, [rpcDataChannel]);
 
-  const keyboardLedState = useHidStore(state => state.keyboardLedState);
-  const isTurnServerInUse = useRTCStore(state => state.isTurnServerInUse);
+  const keyboardLedState = useHidStore((state: HidState) => state.keyboardLedState);
+  const isTurnServerInUse = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.isTurnServerInUse);
 
-  const usbState = useHidStore(state => state.usbState);
-  const hdmiState = useVideoStore(state => state.hdmiState);
+  const usbState = useHidStore((state: HidState) => state.usbState);
+  const hdmiState = useVideoStore((state: VideoState)  => state.hdmiState);
+
+  const displayKeys = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!showPressedKeys || !keysDownState) 
+      return "";
+
+    const state = keysDownState as KeysDownState;
+    const activeModifierMask = state.modifier || 0;
+    const keysDown = state.keys || [];
+    const modifierNames = Object.entries(modifiers).filter(([_, mask]) => (activeModifierMask & mask) !== 0).map(([name, _]) => name);
+    const keyNames = Object.entries(keys).filter(([_, value]) => keysDown.includes(value)).map(([name, _]) => name);
+
+    return [...modifierNames,...keyNames].join(", ");
+  }, [keysDownState, showPressedKeys]);
 
   return (
     <div className="bg-white border-t border-t-slate-800/30 text-slate-800 dark:border-t-slate-300/20 dark:bg-slate-900 dark:text-slate-300">
@@ -99,14 +117,7 @@ export default function InfoBar() {
               <div className="flex items-center gap-x-1">
                 <span className="text-xs font-semibold">Keys:</span>
                 <h2 className="text-xs">
-                  {[
-                    ...activeKeys.map(
-                      x => Object.entries(keys).filter(y => y[1] === x)[0][0],
-                    ),
-                    activeModifiers.map(
-                      x => Object.entries(modifiers).filter(y => y[1] === x)[0][0],
-                    ),
-                  ].join(", ")}
+                  {displayKeys}
                 </h2>
               </div>
             )}
diff --git a/ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx b/ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx
index c377154..a938a6b 100644
--- a/ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx
+++ b/ui/src/components/WebRTCVideo.tsx
@@ -11,10 +11,14 @@ import { useJsonRpc } from "@/hooks/useJsonRpc";
 import { cx } from "@/cva.config";
 import { keys } from "@/keyboardMappings";
 import {
+  MouseState,
+  RTCState,
+  SettingsState,
   useMouseStore,
   useRTCStore,
   useSettingsStore,
   useVideoStore,
+  VideoState,
 } from "@/hooks/stores";
 
 import {
@@ -27,15 +31,15 @@ import {
 export default function WebRTCVideo() {
   // Video and stream related refs and states
   const videoElm = useRef<HTMLVideoElement>(null);
-  const mediaStream = useRTCStore(state => state.mediaStream);
+  const mediaStream = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.mediaStream);
   const [isPlaying, setIsPlaying] = useState(false);
-  const peerConnectionState = useRTCStore(state => state.peerConnectionState);
+  const peerConnectionState = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.peerConnectionState);
   const [isPointerLockActive, setIsPointerLockActive] = useState(false);
   // Store hooks
   const settings = useSettingsStore();
   const { sendKeypressEvent, resetKeyboardState } = useKeyboard();
-  const setMousePosition = useMouseStore(state => state.setMousePosition);
-  const setMouseMove = useMouseStore(state => state.setMouseMove);
+  const setMousePosition = useMouseStore((state: MouseState) => state.setMousePosition);
+  const setMouseMove = useMouseStore((state: MouseState) => state.setMouseMove);
   const {
     setClientSize: setVideoClientSize,
     setSize: setVideoSize,
@@ -46,15 +50,15 @@ export default function WebRTCVideo() {
   } = useVideoStore();
 
   // Video enhancement settings
-  const videoSaturation = useSettingsStore(state => state.videoSaturation);
-  const videoBrightness = useSettingsStore(state => state.videoBrightness);
-  const videoContrast = useSettingsStore(state => state.videoContrast);
+  const videoSaturation = useSettingsStore((state: SettingsState) => state.videoSaturation);
+  const videoBrightness = useSettingsStore((state: SettingsState) => state.videoBrightness);
+  const videoContrast = useSettingsStore((state: SettingsState) => state.videoContrast);
 
   // RTC related states
-  const peerConnection = useRTCStore(state => state.peerConnection);
+  const peerConnection = useRTCStore((state: RTCState ) => state.peerConnection);
 
   // HDMI and UI states
-  const hdmiState = useVideoStore(state => state.hdmiState);
+  const hdmiState = useVideoStore((state: VideoState) => state.hdmiState);
   const hdmiError = ["no_lock", "no_signal", "out_of_range"].includes(hdmiState);
   const isVideoLoading = !isPlaying;
 
diff --git a/ui/src/hooks/stores.ts b/ui/src/hooks/stores.ts
index e788faa..223d994 100644
--- a/ui/src/hooks/stores.ts
+++ b/ui/src/hooks/stores.ts
@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@ export interface User {
   picture?: string;
 }
 
-interface UserState {
+export interface UserState {
   user: User | null;
   setUser: (user: User | null) => void;
 }
 
-interface UIState {
+export interface UIState {
   sidebarView: AvailableSidebarViews | null;
   setSidebarView: (view: AvailableSidebarViews | null) => void;
 
@@ -68,21 +68,21 @@ interface UIState {
   setAttachedVirtualKeyboardVisibility: (enabled: boolean) => void;
 
   terminalType: AvailableTerminalTypes;
-  setTerminalType: (enabled: UIState["terminalType"]) => void;
+  setTerminalType: (type: UIState["terminalType"]) => void;
 }
 
 export const useUiStore = create<UIState>(set => ({
   terminalType: "none",
-  setTerminalType: type => set({ terminalType: type }),
+  setTerminalType: (type: UIState["terminalType"])  => set({ terminalType: type }),
 
   sidebarView: null,
-  setSidebarView: view => set({ sidebarView: view }),
+  setSidebarView:  (view: AvailableSidebarViews | null) => set({ sidebarView: view }),
 
   disableVideoFocusTrap: false,
-  setDisableVideoFocusTrap: enabled => set({ disableVideoFocusTrap: enabled }),
+  setDisableVideoFocusTrap: (enabled: boolean) => set({ disableVideoFocusTrap: enabled }),
 
   isWakeOnLanModalVisible: false,
-  setWakeOnLanModalVisibility: enabled => set({ isWakeOnLanModalVisible: enabled }),
+  setWakeOnLanModalVisibility: (enabled: boolean) => set({ isWakeOnLanModalVisible: enabled }),
 
   toggleSidebarView: view =>
     set(state => {
@@ -94,11 +94,11 @@ export const useUiStore = create<UIState>(set => ({
     }),
 
   isAttachedVirtualKeyboardVisible: true,
-  setAttachedVirtualKeyboardVisibility: enabled =>
+  setAttachedVirtualKeyboardVisibility: (enabled: boolean) =>
     set({ isAttachedVirtualKeyboardVisible: enabled }),
 }));
 
-interface RTCState {
+export interface RTCState {
   peerConnection: RTCPeerConnection | null;
   setPeerConnection: (pc: RTCState["peerConnection"]) => void;
 
@@ -118,18 +118,18 @@ interface RTCState {
   setMediaStream: (stream: MediaStream) => void;
 
   videoStreamStats: RTCInboundRtpStreamStats | null;
-  appendVideoStreamStats: (state: RTCInboundRtpStreamStats) => void;
+  appendVideoStreamStats: (stats: RTCInboundRtpStreamStats) => void;
   videoStreamStatsHistory: Map<number, RTCInboundRtpStreamStats>;
 
   isTurnServerInUse: boolean;
   setTurnServerInUse: (inUse: boolean) => void;
 
   inboundRtpStats: Map<number, RTCInboundRtpStreamStats>;
-  appendInboundRtpStats: (state: RTCInboundRtpStreamStats) => void;
+  appendInboundRtpStats: (stats: RTCInboundRtpStreamStats) => void;
   clearInboundRtpStats: () => void;
 
   candidatePairStats: Map<number, RTCIceCandidatePairStats>;
-  appendCandidatePairStats: (pair: RTCIceCandidatePairStats) => void;
+  appendCandidatePairStats: (stats: RTCIceCandidatePairStats) => void;
   clearCandidatePairStats: () => void;
 
   // Remote ICE candidates stat type doesn't exist as of today
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ interface RTCState {
 
   // Disk data channel stats type doesn't exist as of today
   diskDataChannelStats: Map<number, RTCDataChannelStats>;
-  appendDiskDataChannelStats: (stat: RTCDataChannelStats) => void;
+  appendDiskDataChannelStats: (stats: RTCDataChannelStats) => void;
 
   terminalChannel: RTCDataChannel | null;
   setTerminalChannel: (channel: RTCDataChannel) => void;
@@ -149,78 +149,78 @@ interface RTCState {
 
 export const useRTCStore = create<RTCState>(set => ({
   peerConnection: null,
-  setPeerConnection: pc => set({ peerConnection: pc }),
+  setPeerConnection: (pc: RTCState["peerConnection"]) => set({ peerConnection: pc }),
 
   rpcDataChannel: null,
-  setRpcDataChannel: channel => set({ rpcDataChannel: channel }),
+  setRpcDataChannel: (channel: RTCDataChannel) => set({ rpcDataChannel: channel }),
 
   transceiver: null,
-  setTransceiver: transceiver => set({ transceiver }),
+  setTransceiver: (transceiver: RTCRtpTransceiver) => set({ transceiver }),
 
   peerConnectionState: null,
-  setPeerConnectionState: state => set({ peerConnectionState: state }),
+  setPeerConnectionState: (state: RTCPeerConnectionState) => set({ peerConnectionState: state }),
 
   diskChannel: null,
-  setDiskChannel: channel => set({ diskChannel: channel }),
+  setDiskChannel: (channel: RTCDataChannel) => set({ diskChannel: channel }),
 
   mediaStream: null,
-  setMediaStream: stream => set({ mediaStream: stream }),
+  setMediaStream: (stream: MediaStream) => set({ mediaStream: stream }),
 
   videoStreamStats: null,
-  appendVideoStreamStats: stats => set({ videoStreamStats: stats }),
+  appendVideoStreamStats: (stats: RTCInboundRtpStreamStats) => set({ videoStreamStats: stats }),
   videoStreamStatsHistory: new Map(),
 
   isTurnServerInUse: false,
-  setTurnServerInUse: inUse => set({ isTurnServerInUse: inUse }),
+  setTurnServerInUse: (inUse: boolean)  => set({ isTurnServerInUse: inUse }),
 
   inboundRtpStats: new Map(),
-  appendInboundRtpStats: newStat => {
+  appendInboundRtpStats: (stats: RTCInboundRtpStreamStats) => {
     set(prevState => ({
-      inboundRtpStats: appendStatToMap(newStat, prevState.inboundRtpStats),
+      inboundRtpStats: appendStatToMap(stats, prevState.inboundRtpStats),
     }));
   },
   clearInboundRtpStats: () => set({ inboundRtpStats: new Map() }),
 
   candidatePairStats: new Map(),
-  appendCandidatePairStats: newStat => {
+  appendCandidatePairStats: (stats: RTCIceCandidatePairStats) => {
     set(prevState => ({
-      candidatePairStats: appendStatToMap(newStat, prevState.candidatePairStats),
+      candidatePairStats: appendStatToMap(stats, prevState.candidatePairStats),
     }));
   },
   clearCandidatePairStats: () => set({ candidatePairStats: new Map() }),
 
   localCandidateStats: new Map(),
-  appendLocalCandidateStats: newStat => {
+  appendLocalCandidateStats: (stats: RTCIceCandidateStats) => {
     set(prevState => ({
-      localCandidateStats: appendStatToMap(newStat, prevState.localCandidateStats),
+      localCandidateStats: appendStatToMap(stats, prevState.localCandidateStats),
     }));
   },
 
   remoteCandidateStats: new Map(),
-  appendRemoteCandidateStats: newStat => {
+  appendRemoteCandidateStats: (stats: RTCIceCandidateStats) => {
     set(prevState => ({
-      remoteCandidateStats: appendStatToMap(newStat, prevState.remoteCandidateStats),
+      remoteCandidateStats: appendStatToMap(stats, prevState.remoteCandidateStats),
     }));
   },
 
   diskDataChannelStats: new Map(),
-  appendDiskDataChannelStats: newStat => {
+  appendDiskDataChannelStats: (stats: RTCDataChannelStats) => {
     set(prevState => ({
-      diskDataChannelStats: appendStatToMap(newStat, prevState.diskDataChannelStats),
+      diskDataChannelStats: appendStatToMap(stats, prevState.diskDataChannelStats),
     }));
   },
 
   // Add these new properties to the store implementation
   terminalChannel: null,
-  setTerminalChannel: channel => set({ terminalChannel: channel }),
+  setTerminalChannel: (channel: RTCDataChannel) => set({ terminalChannel: channel }),
 }));
 
-interface MouseMove {
+export interface MouseMove {
   x: number;
   y: number;
   buttons: number;
 }
-interface MouseState {
+export interface MouseState {
   mouseX: number;
   mouseY: number;
   mouseMove?: MouseMove;
@@ -232,9 +232,14 @@ export const useMouseStore = create<MouseState>(set => ({
   mouseX: 0,
   mouseY: 0,
   setMouseMove: (move?: MouseMove) => set({ mouseMove: move }),
-  setMousePosition: (x, y) => set({ mouseX: x, mouseY: y }),
+  setMousePosition: (x: number, y: number) => set({ mouseX: x, mouseY: y }),
 }));
 
+export interface HdmiState {
+  ready: boolean;
+  error?: Extract<VideoState["hdmiState"], "no_signal" | "no_lock" | "out_of_range">;
+}
+
 export interface VideoState {
   width: number;
   height: number;
@@ -263,13 +268,13 @@ export const useVideoStore = create<VideoState>(set => ({
   clientHeight: 0,
 
   // The video element's client size
-  setClientSize: (clientWidth, clientHeight) => set({ clientWidth, clientHeight }),
+  setClientSize: (clientWidth: number, clientHeight: number) => set({ clientWidth, clientHeight }),
 
   // Resolution
-  setSize: (width, height) => set({ width, height }),
+  setSize: (width: number, height: number) => set({ width, height }),
 
   hdmiState: "connecting",
-  setHdmiState: state => {
+  setHdmiState: (state: HdmiState) => {
     if (!state) return;
     const { ready, error } = state;
 
@@ -283,7 +288,7 @@ export const useVideoStore = create<VideoState>(set => ({
   },
 }));
 
-interface SettingsState {
+export interface SettingsState {
   isCursorHidden: boolean;
   setCursorVisibility: (enabled: boolean) => void;
 
@@ -325,17 +330,17 @@ export const useSettingsStore = create(
   persist<SettingsState>(
     set => ({
       isCursorHidden: false,
-      setCursorVisibility: enabled => set({ isCursorHidden: enabled }),
+      setCursorVisibility: (enabled: boolean) => set({ isCursorHidden: enabled }),
 
       mouseMode: "absolute",
-      setMouseMode: mode => set({ mouseMode: mode }),
+      setMouseMode: (mode: string) => set({ mouseMode: mode }),
 
       debugMode: import.meta.env.DEV,
-      setDebugMode: enabled => set({ debugMode: enabled }),
+      setDebugMode: (enabled: boolean) => set({ debugMode: enabled }),
 
       // Add developer mode with default value
       developerMode: false,
-      setDeveloperMode: enabled => set({ developerMode: enabled }),
+      setDeveloperMode: (enabled: boolean) => set({ developerMode: enabled }),
 
       displayRotation: "270",
       setDisplayRotation: (rotation: string) => set({ displayRotation: rotation }),
@@ -349,21 +354,21 @@ export const useSettingsStore = create(
         set({ backlightSettings: settings }),
 
       keyboardLayout: "en-US",
-      setKeyboardLayout: layout => set({ keyboardLayout: layout }),
+      setKeyboardLayout: (layout: string) => set({ keyboardLayout: layout }),
 
       scrollThrottling: 0,
-      setScrollThrottling: value => set({ scrollThrottling: value }),
+      setScrollThrottling: (value: number) => set({ scrollThrottling: value }),
 
       showPressedKeys: true,
-      setShowPressedKeys: show => set({ showPressedKeys: show }),
+      setShowPressedKeys: (show: boolean) => set({ showPressedKeys: show }),
 
       // Video enhancement settings with default values (1.0 = normal)
       videoSaturation: 1.0,
-      setVideoSaturation: value => set({ videoSaturation: value }),
+      setVideoSaturation: (value: number) => set({ videoSaturation: value }),
       videoBrightness: 1.0,
-      setVideoBrightness: value => set({ videoBrightness: value }),
+      setVideoBrightness: (value: number) => set({ videoBrightness: value }),
       videoContrast: 1.0,
-      setVideoContrast: value => set({ videoContrast: value }),
+      setVideoContrast: (value: number) => set({ videoContrast: value }),
     }),
     {
       name: "settings",
@@ -403,23 +408,23 @@ export interface MountMediaState {
 
 export const useMountMediaStore = create<MountMediaState>(set => ({
   localFile: null,
-  setLocalFile: file => set({ localFile: file }),
+  setLocalFile: (file: MountMediaState["localFile"]) => set({ localFile: file }),
 
   remoteVirtualMediaState: null,
-  setRemoteVirtualMediaState: state => set({ remoteVirtualMediaState: state }),
+  setRemoteVirtualMediaState: (state: MountMediaState["remoteVirtualMediaState"]) => set({ remoteVirtualMediaState: state }),
 
   modalView: "mode",
-  setModalView: view => set({ modalView: view }),
+  setModalView: (view: MountMediaState["modalView"]) => set({ modalView: view }),
 
   isMountMediaDialogOpen: false,
-  setIsMountMediaDialogOpen: isOpen => set({ isMountMediaDialogOpen: isOpen }),
+  setIsMountMediaDialogOpen: (isOpen: MountMediaState["isMountMediaDialogOpen"]) => set({ isMountMediaDialogOpen: isOpen }),
 
   uploadedFiles: [],
-  addUploadedFile: file =>
+  addUploadedFile: (file: { name: string; size: string; uploadedAt: string }) =>
     set(state => ({ uploadedFiles: [...state.uploadedFiles, file] })),
 
   errorMessage: null,
-  setErrorMessage: message => set({ errorMessage: message }),
+  setErrorMessage: (message: string | null) => set({ errorMessage: message }),
 }));
 
 export interface KeyboardLedState {
@@ -437,14 +442,6 @@ export interface KeysDownState {
 }
 
 export interface HidState {
-  activeKeys: number[];
-  activeModifiers: number[];
-
-  updateActiveKeysAndModifiers: (keysAndModifiers: {
-    keys: number[];
-    modifiers: number[];
-  }) => void;
-
   altGrArmed: boolean;
   setAltGrArmed: (armed: boolean) => void;
 
@@ -470,38 +467,31 @@ export interface HidState {
   setUsbState: (state: HidState["usbState"]) => void;
 }
 
-export const useHidStore = create<HidState>((set) => ({
-  activeKeys: [],
-  activeModifiers: [],
-
-  updateActiveKeysAndModifiers: ({ keys, modifiers }) => {
-    return set({ activeKeys: keys, activeModifiers: modifiers });
-  },
-
+export const useHidStore = create<HidState>(set => ({
   altGrArmed: false,
-  setAltGrArmed: armed => set({ altGrArmed: armed }),
+  setAltGrArmed: (armed: boolean): void => set({ altGrArmed: armed }),
 
   altGrTimer: 0,
-  setAltGrTimer: timeout => set({ altGrTimer: timeout }),
+  setAltGrTimer: (timeout: number | null): void => set({ altGrTimer: timeout }),
 
   altGrCtrlTime: 0,
-  setAltGrCtrlTime: time => set({ altGrCtrlTime: time }),
+  setAltGrCtrlTime: (time: number): void => set({ altGrCtrlTime: time }),
 
   keyboardLedState: undefined,
-  setKeyboardLedState: ledState => set({ keyboardLedState: ledState }),
+  setKeyboardLedState: (ledState: KeyboardLedState): void => set({ keyboardLedState: ledState }),
 
   keysDownState: undefined,
-  setKeysDownState: state => set({ keysDownState: state }),
+  setKeysDownState: (state: KeysDownState): void => set({ keysDownState: state }),
 
   isVirtualKeyboardEnabled: false,
-  setVirtualKeyboardEnabled: enabled => set({ isVirtualKeyboardEnabled: enabled }),
+  setVirtualKeyboardEnabled: (enabled: boolean): void => set({ isVirtualKeyboardEnabled: enabled }),
 
   isPasteModeEnabled: false,
-  setPasteModeEnabled: enabled => set({ isPasteModeEnabled: enabled }),
+  setPasteModeEnabled: (enabled: boolean): void => set({ isPasteModeEnabled: enabled }),
 
   // Add these new properties for USB state
   usbState: "not attached",
-  setUsbState: state => set({ usbState: state }),
+  setUsbState: (state: HidState["usbState"]) => set({ usbState: state }),
 }));
 
 export const useUserStore = create<UserState>(set => ({
@@ -559,7 +549,7 @@ export interface UpdateState {
 
 export const useUpdateStore = create<UpdateState>(set => ({
   isUpdatePending: false,
-  setIsUpdatePending: isPending => set({ isUpdatePending: isPending }),
+  setIsUpdatePending: (isPending: boolean) => set({ isUpdatePending: isPending }),
 
   setOtaState: state => set({ otaState: state }),
   otaState: {
@@ -583,12 +573,12 @@ export const useUpdateStore = create<UpdateState>(set => ({
   },
 
   updateDialogHasBeenMinimized: false,
-  setUpdateDialogHasBeenMinimized: hasBeenMinimized =>
+  setUpdateDialogHasBeenMinimized: (hasBeenMinimized: boolean) =>
     set({ updateDialogHasBeenMinimized: hasBeenMinimized }),
   modalView: "loading",
-  setModalView: view => set({ modalView: view }),
+  setModalView: (view: UpdateState["modalView"]) => set({ modalView: view }),
   updateErrorMessage: null,
-  setUpdateErrorMessage: errorMessage => set({ updateErrorMessage: errorMessage }),
+  setUpdateErrorMessage: (errorMessage: string) => set({ updateErrorMessage: errorMessage }),
 }));
 
 interface UsbConfigModalState {
@@ -609,8 +599,8 @@ export interface UsbConfigState {
 export const useUsbConfigModalStore = create<UsbConfigModalState>(set => ({
   modalView: "updateUsbConfig",
   errorMessage: null,
-  setModalView: view => set({ modalView: view }),
-  setErrorMessage: message => set({ errorMessage: message }),
+  setModalView:  (view: UsbConfigModalState["modalView"]) => set({ modalView: view }),
+  setErrorMessage: (message: string | null) => set({ errorMessage: message }),
 }));
 
 interface LocalAuthModalState {
@@ -626,7 +616,7 @@ interface LocalAuthModalState {
 
 export const useLocalAuthModalStore = create<LocalAuthModalState>(set => ({
   modalView: "createPassword",
-  setModalView: view => set({ modalView: view }),
+  setModalView: (view: LocalAuthModalState["modalView"])  => set({ modalView: view }),
 }));
 
 export interface DeviceState {
@@ -641,8 +631,8 @@ export const useDeviceStore = create<DeviceState>(set => ({
   appVersion: null,
   systemVersion: null,
 
-  setAppVersion: version => set({ appVersion: version }),
-  setSystemVersion: version => set({ systemVersion: version }),
+  setAppVersion: (version: string) => set({ appVersion: version }),
+  setSystemVersion: (version: string) => set({ systemVersion: version }),
 }));
 
 export interface DhcpLease {
@@ -808,7 +798,7 @@ export const useMacrosStore = create<MacrosState>((set, get) => ({
 
     try {
       await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
-        sendFn("getKeyboardMacros", {}, response => {
+        sendFn("getKeyboardMacros", {}, (response: JsonRpcResponse) => {
           if (response.error) {
             console.error("Error loading macros:", response.error);
             reject(new Error(response.error.message));
@@ -888,7 +878,7 @@ export const useMacrosStore = create<MacrosState>((set, get) => ({
         sendFn(
           "setKeyboardMacros",
           { params: { macros: macrosWithSortOrder } },
-          response => {
+          (response: JsonRpcResponse) => {
             resolve(response);
           },
         );
diff --git a/ui/src/hooks/useJsonRpc.ts b/ui/src/hooks/useJsonRpc.ts
index 92b56ff..5f088dc 100644
--- a/ui/src/hooks/useJsonRpc.ts
+++ b/ui/src/hooks/useJsonRpc.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { useCallback, useEffect } from "react";
 
-import { useRTCStore } from "@/hooks/stores";
+import { RTCState, useRTCStore } from "@/hooks/stores";
 
 export interface JsonRpcRequest {
   jsonrpc: string;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ const callbackStore = new Map<number | string, (resp: JsonRpcResponse) => void>(
 let requestCounter = 0;
 
 export function useJsonRpc(onRequest?: (payload: JsonRpcRequest) => void) {
-  const rpcDataChannel = useRTCStore(state => state.rpcDataChannel);
+  const rpcDataChannel = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.rpcDataChannel);
 
   const send = useCallback(
     (method: string, params: unknown, callback?: (resp: JsonRpcResponse) => void) => {
diff --git a/ui/src/hooks/useKeyboard.ts b/ui/src/hooks/useKeyboard.ts
index 7861dd9..a77946c 100644
--- a/ui/src/hooks/useKeyboard.ts
+++ b/ui/src/hooks/useKeyboard.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,14 @@
 import { useCallback } from "react";
 
-import { KeysDownState, useHidStore, useRTCStore } from "@/hooks/stores";
-import { useJsonRpc } from "@/hooks/useJsonRpc";
+import { KeysDownState, HidState, useHidStore, RTCState, useRTCStore } from "@/hooks/stores";
+import { JsonRpcResponse, useJsonRpc } from "@/hooks/useJsonRpc";
 import { keys, modifiers } from "@/keyboardMappings";
 
 export default function useKeyboard() {
   const [send] = useJsonRpc();
 
-  const rpcDataChannel = useRTCStore(state => state.rpcDataChannel);
-  const updateActiveKeysAndModifiers = useHidStore(
-    state => state.updateActiveKeysAndModifiers,
-  );
+  const rpcDataChannel = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.rpcDataChannel);
+  const setKeysDownState = useHidStore((state: HidState) => state.setKeysDownState);
 
   const sendKeyboardEvent = useCallback(
     (keys: number[], modifiers: number[]) => {
@@ -18,35 +16,28 @@ export default function useKeyboard() {
       const accModifier = modifiers.reduce((acc, val) => acc + val, 0);
 
       send("keyboardReport", { keys, modifier: accModifier });
-
+      //TODO would be nice if the keyboardReport rpc call returned the current state like keypressReport does
       // We do this for the info bar to display the currently pressed keys for the user
-      updateActiveKeysAndModifiers({ keys: keys, modifiers: modifiers });
+      setKeysDownState({ keys: keys, modifier: accModifier });
     },
-    [rpcDataChannel?.readyState, send, updateActiveKeysAndModifiers],
+    [rpcDataChannel?.readyState, send, setKeysDownState],
   );
 
-  const modifiersFromModifierMask = (activeModifiers: number): number[] => {
-    return Object.values(modifiers).filter(m => (activeModifiers & m) !== 0);
-  }
-
   const sendKeypressEvent = useCallback(
     (key: number, press: boolean) => {
       if (rpcDataChannel?.readyState !== "open") return;
 
-      send("keypressReport", { key, press }, resp => {
+      send("keypressReport", { key, press }, (resp: JsonRpcResponse) => {
             if ("error" in resp) {
               console.error("Failed to send keypress:", resp.error);
             } else {
               const keyDownState = resp.result as KeysDownState;
-              const keysDown = keyDownState.keys;
-              const activeModifiers = modifiersFromModifierMask(keyDownState.modifier) 
-
               // We do this for the info bar to display the currently pressed keys for the user
-              updateActiveKeysAndModifiers({ keys: keysDown, modifiers: activeModifiers });
+              setKeysDownState(keyDownState);
             }
           });
     },
-    [rpcDataChannel?.readyState, send, updateActiveKeysAndModifiers],
+    [rpcDataChannel?.readyState, send, setKeysDownState],
   );
 
   const resetKeyboardState = useCallback(() => {
diff --git a/ui/src/routes/devices.$id.tsx b/ui/src/routes/devices.$id.tsx
index d5753ab..53177c5 100644
--- a/ui/src/routes/devices.$id.tsx
+++ b/ui/src/routes/devices.$id.tsx
@@ -18,10 +18,14 @@ import useWebSocket from "react-use-websocket";
 
 import { cx } from "@/cva.config";
 import {
+  DeviceState,
   HidState,
   KeyboardLedState,
   KeysDownState,
+  MountMediaState,
   NetworkState,
+  RTCState,
+  UIState,
   UpdateState,
   useDeviceStore,
   useHidStore,
@@ -38,7 +42,7 @@ import WebRTCVideo from "@components/WebRTCVideo";
 import { checkAuth, isInCloud, isOnDevice } from "@/main";
 import DashboardNavbar from "@components/Header";
 import ConnectionStatsSidebar from "@/components/sidebar/connectionStats";
-import { JsonRpcRequest, useJsonRpc } from "@/hooks/useJsonRpc";
+import { JsonRpcRequest, JsonRpcResponse, useJsonRpc } from "@/hooks/useJsonRpc";
 import Terminal from "@components/Terminal";
 import { CLOUD_API, DEVICE_API } from "@/ui.config";
 
@@ -128,18 +132,18 @@ export default function KvmIdRoute() {
   const authMode = "authMode" in loaderResp ? loaderResp.authMode : null;
 
   const params = useParams() as { id: string };
-  const sidebarView = useUiStore(state => state.sidebarView);
+  const sidebarView = useUiStore((state: UIState) => state.sidebarView);
   const [queryParams, setQueryParams] = useSearchParams();
 
-  const setIsTurnServerInUse = useRTCStore(state => state.setTurnServerInUse);
-  const peerConnection = useRTCStore(state => state.peerConnection);
-  const setPeerConnectionState = useRTCStore(state => state.setPeerConnectionState);
-  const peerConnectionState = useRTCStore(state => state.peerConnectionState);
-  const setMediaMediaStream = useRTCStore(state => state.setMediaStream);
-  const setPeerConnection = useRTCStore(state => state.setPeerConnection);
-  const setDiskChannel = useRTCStore(state => state.setDiskChannel);
-  const setRpcDataChannel = useRTCStore(state => state.setRpcDataChannel);
-  const setTransceiver = useRTCStore(state => state.setTransceiver);
+  const setIsTurnServerInUse = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.setTurnServerInUse);
+  const peerConnection = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.peerConnection);
+  const setPeerConnectionState = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.setPeerConnectionState);
+  const peerConnectionState = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.peerConnectionState);
+  const setMediaMediaStream = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.setMediaStream);
+  const setPeerConnection = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.setPeerConnection);
+  const setDiskChannel = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.setDiskChannel);
+  const setRpcDataChannel = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.setRpcDataChannel);
+  const setTransceiver = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.setTransceiver);
   const location = useLocation();
 
   const isLegacySignalingEnabled = useRef(false);
@@ -513,9 +517,9 @@ export default function KvmIdRoute() {
   }, [peerConnectionState, cleanupAndStopReconnecting]);
 
   // Cleanup effect
-  const clearInboundRtpStats = useRTCStore(state => state.clearInboundRtpStats);
-  const clearCandidatePairStats = useRTCStore(state => state.clearCandidatePairStats);
-  const setSidebarView = useUiStore(state => state.setSidebarView);
+  const clearInboundRtpStats = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.clearInboundRtpStats);
+  const clearCandidatePairStats = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.clearCandidatePairStats);
+  const setSidebarView = useUiStore((state: UIState)  => state.setSidebarView);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     return () => {
@@ -550,7 +554,7 @@ export default function KvmIdRoute() {
   }, [peerConnectionState, setIsTurnServerInUse]);
 
   // TURN server usage reporting
-  const isTurnServerInUse = useRTCStore(state => state.isTurnServerInUse);
+  const isTurnServerInUse = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.isTurnServerInUse);
   const lastBytesReceived = useRef<number>(0);
   const lastBytesSent = useRef<number>(0);
 
@@ -583,16 +587,16 @@ export default function KvmIdRoute() {
     });
   }, 10000);
 
-  const setNetworkState = useNetworkStateStore(state => state.setNetworkState);
+  const setNetworkState = useNetworkStateStore((state: NetworkState) => state.setNetworkState);
 
-  const setUsbState = useHidStore(state => state.setUsbState);
-  const setHdmiState = useVideoStore(state => state.setHdmiState);
+  const setUsbState = useHidStore((state: HidState) => state.setUsbState);
+  const setHdmiState = useVideoStore((state: VideoState) => state.setHdmiState);
 
-  const keyboardLedState = useHidStore(state => state.keyboardLedState);
-  const setKeyboardLedState = useHidStore(state => state.setKeyboardLedState);
+  const keyboardLedState = useHidStore((state: HidState) => state.keyboardLedState);
+  const setKeyboardLedState = useHidStore((state: HidState) => state.setKeyboardLedState);
 
-  const keysDownState = useHidStore(state => state.keysDownState);
-  const setKeysDownState = useHidStore(state => state.setKeysDownState);
+  const keysDownState = useHidStore((state: HidState) => state.keysDownState);
+  const setKeysDownState = useHidStore((state: HidState) => state.setKeysDownState);
 
   const [hasUpdated, setHasUpdated] = useState(false);
   const { navigateTo } = useDeviceUiNavigation();
@@ -652,12 +656,12 @@ export default function KvmIdRoute() {
     }
   }
 
-  const rpcDataChannel = useRTCStore(state => state.rpcDataChannel);
+  const rpcDataChannel = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.rpcDataChannel);
   const [send] = useJsonRpc(onJsonRpcRequest);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (rpcDataChannel?.readyState !== "open") return;
-    send("getVideoState", {}, resp => {
+    send("getVideoState", {}, (resp: JsonRpcResponse) => {
       if ("error" in resp) return;
       setHdmiState(resp.result as Parameters<VideoState["setHdmiState"]>[0]);
     });
@@ -669,7 +673,7 @@ export default function KvmIdRoute() {
     if (keyboardLedState !== undefined) return;
     console.log("Requesting keyboard led state");
 
-    send("getKeyboardLedState", {}, resp => {
+    send("getKeyboardLedState", {}, (resp: JsonRpcResponse) => {
       if ("error" in resp) {
         console.error("Failed to get keyboard led state", resp.error);
         return;
@@ -685,7 +689,7 @@ export default function KvmIdRoute() {
     if (keysDownState !== undefined) return;
     console.log("Requesting keys down state");
 
-    send("getKeyDownState", {}, resp => {
+    send("getKeyDownState", {}, (resp: JsonRpcResponse) => {
       if ("error" in resp) {
         console.error("Failed to get key down state", resp.error);
         return;
@@ -702,8 +706,8 @@ export default function KvmIdRoute() {
     }
   }, [navigate, navigateTo, queryParams, setModalView, setQueryParams]);
 
-  const diskChannel = useRTCStore(state => state.diskChannel)!;
-  const file = useMountMediaStore(state => state.localFile)!;
+  const diskChannel = useRTCStore((state: RTCState) => state.diskChannel)!;
+  const file = useMountMediaStore((state: MountMediaState) => state.localFile)!;
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!diskChannel || !file) return;
     diskChannel.onmessage = async e => {
@@ -723,7 +727,7 @@ export default function KvmIdRoute() {
   }, [diskChannel, file]);
 
   // System update
-  const disableVideoFocusTrap = useUiStore(state => state.disableVideoFocusTrap);
+  const disableVideoFocusTrap = useUiStore((state: UIState) => state.disableVideoFocusTrap);
 
   const [kvmTerminal, setKvmTerminal] = useState<RTCDataChannel | null>(null);
   const [serialConsole, setSerialConsole] = useState<RTCDataChannel | null>(null);
@@ -744,14 +748,14 @@ export default function KvmIdRoute() {
     if (location.pathname !== "/other-session") navigateTo("/");
   }, [navigateTo, location.pathname]);
 
-  const appVersion = useDeviceStore(state => state.appVersion);
-  const setAppVersion = useDeviceStore(state => state.setAppVersion);
-  const setSystemVersion = useDeviceStore(state => state.setSystemVersion);
+  const appVersion = useDeviceStore((state: DeviceState) => state.appVersion);
+  const setAppVersion = useDeviceStore((state: DeviceState) => state.setAppVersion);
+  const setSystemVersion = useDeviceStore((state: DeviceState) => state.setSystemVersion);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (appVersion) return;
 
-    send("getUpdateStatus", {}, async resp => {
+    send("getUpdateStatus", {}, async (resp: JsonRpcResponse) => {
       if ("error" in resp) {
         notifications.error(`Failed to get device version: ${resp.error}`);
         return 
diff --git a/usb.go b/usb.go
index 3cf6908..5c8036c 100644
--- a/usb.go
+++ b/usb.go
@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ func rpcKeypressReport(key byte, press bool) (usbgadget.KeysDownState, error) {
 	return gadget.KeypressReport(key, press)
 }
 
-func rpcAbsMouseReport(x, y int, buttons uint8) error {
+func rpcAbsMouseReport(x int, y int, buttons uint8) error {
 	return gadget.AbsMouseReport(x, y, buttons)
 }
 
-func rpcRelMouseReport(dx, dy int8, buttons uint8) error {
+func rpcRelMouseReport(dx int8, dy int8, buttons uint8) error {
 	return gadget.RelMouseReport(dx, dy, buttons)
 }