                 Basic Antenna Modeling:  A Hands-On Tutorial
                                  L. B. Cebik

                               .EZ Format Files

Note:  This document has been composed in Courier (10 point) monospaced type.

Basic Antenna Modeling was written expressly for Nittany-Scientific's NEC-Win
Plus NEC-2 antenna modeling software package.  Nonetheless, the book is in the
main a perfectly general introduction to antenna modeling with NEC-2. 
Therefore, the tutorial may prove useful to new users of EZNEC.

The files accompanying the tutorial--whether in paper or CDROM form--are in
.NEC format, which should be readable by any version of NEC-Win (including
GNEC) or any NEC-2 or NEC-4 core.  Files in the .NEC format are plain ASCII
files and can be viewed by any ASCII reader.  However, EZNEC uses a
proprietary format for its model files.

This disk contains all of the exercise files for the book in .EZ format for
use with EZNEC (DOS or later versions).  The exception to this rule is the
very first file collection, which includes the tabular and graphic data files
produced by NEC-Win Plus.  These files are temporary files in EZNEC (although
pattern data can be manually saved) and are therefore not reproduced in this
collection.  However, the EZNEC user can view the contents of the temporary
files of tabular data by selecting the desired data to view in tabular form.

Each filename is a number that corresponds to a chapter and specific exercise.
Many of the exercises refer to supplementary models which bear an extra
number.  These supplements often correpsond to variations made by the user in
the course of working out the exercise or to "check" models to verify your
work.  For example, file 9-6-2.EZ (or 9-6-2.NEC) is the second variation on
the model for exercise 6 in Chapter 9.

Although the screens are different, the two NEC-2 programs require modeling
procedures which are essentially the same if one is to obtain good results. 
Therefore, it may be beneficial for the EZNEC user to run the exercise sets to
gain a thorough familiarity with both the parameters of basic modeling and the
types of antennas that one may successfully model.  Not all types can be
covered in a single volume, but the 150 exercise model sets should provide a
solid basis for further work.

Because NEC-2 is public domain, some customizing may have been done by
software providers.  In addition, different software writers may use slightly
different conventions for rounding off both input and output numbers. 
Therefore, you may encounter slight numerical differences in the outputs of
different NEC-2 programs.  In no case should these differences represent a
predicted difference in antenna performance.  Instead they should all be
confined to decimal places that would not be detectable in actual antenna
operation.  If you obtain results that differ significantly from those listed
in reference tables in the book, you should check your model and set-up to
ensure accuracy at that level.

A sample listing of some of the models in the exercise sets appears later in
this document.  The full list of model titles and their contents appears in
the Appendix 8 to the book.  The only difference between that list and the
directories of this disk is that all models on this disk bear the extension
.EZ.  Since the models in each chapter of the book are presented along with
the contents of the .NEC input file, you should check your EZNEC model's
description (PD command) against the figures in the book to ensure that you
can correlate elements.  As an aid to this process, a copy of an article,
"Reading a NEC Deck," (NECDECK.TXT) is also made available on this disk.

Because of program differences, there are three restrictions imposed upon .EZ
files relative to their .NEC counterparts.  First, EZNEC accepts only one wire
material per model, whereas NEC-Win permits the selection of the wire material
for each wire entry in the model.  This restriction affects only a very few
models.  Second, NEC-Win models contain frequency sweep information, where
used, in the model itself.  This information includes the start frequency, the
number of steps, and the size of the frequency step.  EZNEC (DOS version)
accepts only one frequency within the model itself and has separate provisions
for performing frequency sweeps.  Hence, only the first frequency will appear
in the EZNEC file.  Third, NEC-Win permits multiple pattern requests, whereas
EZNEC permits only one at a time.  Therefore, only one will be listed in the
EZNEC file, and subsequent requests will require manual entry.

These small differences between implementations of NEC-2 should not slow your
progress through the exercises.  They will require vigilance to ensure that
you make the right moves to catch the aim of each model.

The files on this disk are subdivided into three subdirectories, corresponding
to the three parts of the book (PartA, PartB, and PartC).  You should copy
these files into similar subdirectories of your hard drive and protect this
disk as an archival reference.

I hope that the tutorial and this disk are helpful to users of EZNEC.

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

            Partial List of Models for the Tutorial

Filename      Antenna Type                         Frequency
(x-x.NEC)                                          in MHz

 1-1          Dipole                                 7.05
 2-1          Dipole                                28.5
 2-2          Yagi, 2-el.                           28.5
 2-3          1/4 vertical, gp                     14.1
 2-4          Quad loop                             21.15
 2-5          Delta loop                             7.15
 2-6          Half square                          146.0
 3-1          Dipole                                14.0
 3-3          1/2 vertical dipole                 24.95
 3-4          Yagi, 3-el.                           50.2
 4-2          Yagi, 3-el.                          146.0
 4-6          Rectangle                              3.6
 4-7          Right-angle delta                      7.15
 4-8          Extended double Zepp                  10.125
 4-9          Moxon rectangle, 2-el.               10.125
 5-1          134' doublet                         3.5-29.7
 5-2          Folded dipole                         28.48
 5-4          Folded X-beam,                        28.5
 5-5          Capacity-hat 1/4 vertical             7.2
 6-5          Yagi, 2-el.                            7.1  
 6-7          Right-triangle,                        7.1
 7-1          Open-sleeve dipoles                   10.125
 7-2          Quad beam, 2-el.                      14.175
 7-3          1/4 vertical, sloping gp             51.0
 7-5          Yagi, 2-el.                           14.175
 7-6          Yagi, 3-el.                           14.175
 8-4          Inverted-Vee                          14.0
 8-5          Crossed dipoles                       14.0, 21.0
 8-7          2-element phased hor. array           28.5
 9-5          3-element Yagi                        21.22
 9-6          Short vertical, capacity hat          10.0
10-3          Elongated quad loop                  146.0
10-4          Capacity-hat vertical                  3.75
11-1          16-element Yagi                      432.0
11-2          2-element Yagi                         7.15
11-3          2-element Moxon                        7.15
11-7          6-element Yagi                        21.2
12-3          3-element Yagi                       225.0
12-7          Transmission                          14.0
13-3          2-element Yagi, loaded                28.5
13-7          Modified extended double Zepp          7.15
13-8          2-element quad                        21.22
13-9          Trap dipole                           14.175, 28.5
14-2          Phased 1/4 verticals                  7.1
14-4          Dipole, TL broad-banded                7.1
14-5          Dipole, stub-loaded                   14.175
15-2          Short monopole, hat loaded             3.0
16-3          3-el. vert. Yagi                       7.05
16-4          Triangular vert. dipole array          7.05
16-5          1/4 vert.  phased array               10.0
16-6-1        Delta SCV                              7.15
16-6-2        Rectangle SCV                          7.15
16-6-3        Half square SCV                        7.15
16-7          Parasitic half square array            7.15
17-1          1 collinear                          14.175
17-2          8JK end-fire                          14.175
17-3          Lazy-H broadside                      14.175
17-5          Collinear EDZ                         21.225
17-6          EDZ Lazy-H                            28.5
17-7          Sterba curtain                       3.6/7.2
17-8          Vee-Beam                              14.175
18-1          2-el. Yagi; dr-refl                   28.5  
18-2          2-el. Yagi; dr-dir                    28.5
18-3          2-el. Yagi;    reversible             10.125
18-4          3-el Yagi; high-gain                  14.175
18-5          3-el Yagi; wide-band                  14.175
18-6          5-el Yagi                             14.175
18-7          6-el Yagi                             14.175
18-8          4-el Yagis;    (2 stacked)            14.175
18-9          4-el Yagi; 2-band                     18.2; 24.95
18-10         6-el Yagi; 2-band                     14.175; 21.2
19-1          2-el quad beam                        21.22
19-2          5 2-el quads                          14-28
19-3          2-el EDZ                              28.5  
19-4          2-el phased, folded dipoles           28.5  
19-6          3-el phased array                     24.94
19-6-2        3-el Yagi                             24.94
19-6-3        4-el Yagi                             24.94
19-7          5-el LPDA                             19-29
20-1          6-el Yagi                             51    
20-2          26-el Yagi                           432    
20-3-1        8-el Yagi                            432    
20-3-2        8-el quagi                           432    
20-4          8-el Yagi                            144.2  
20-5-2        2-el half square                     146    
20-5-3        3-el half square                     146    
20-5-5        2-el bobtail                         146    
20-6-3        J-pole                               146    
20-7          Corner reflector                     432    
20-8-2        Turnstile                            300    
20-8-3        Lindenblad                           300    
21-1-1        Helical dipole                        28.5  
21-1-2        Helical 2-el Yagi                     28.5  
21-2-1        Cage monopole                          3.7  
21-2-3        Cage dipole                            3.7  
21-3          Triangular tower sections            -----  

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Should you damage your files disk for either the .EZ or the .NEC formatted
exercise files, you may obtain a replacement for $10 (check or cash at your
own risk only) from me postpaid.  Write to

      L. B. Cebik
      1434 High Mesa Drive
      Knoxville, TN 37938-4443
      USA

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

This text and the files on this disk are copyright 1999 by the author, L. B.
Cebik, W4RNL.  They may be used for personal purposes, but may not be
reproduced in whole or part for publication or distribution in print or in any
other medium without written permission of the author.  Permission to
reproduce this disk or the materials on it will normally not be given without
the payment in advance of substantial fees to offset the loss of income from
individual sales.

For permission to reproduce materials or for other inquiries, write to
      L. B. Cebik
      1434 High Mesa Drive
      Knoxville, TN 37938-4443
      U.S.A.

For technical support by e-mail, contact cebik@utk.edu.

LBC:  September 1, 1999
