% Author: Prof. Dr. Matthias Jung, DL9MJ
% Year: 2024
\begin{tikzpicture}
    % Earth:
    \draw[very thick, fill=DARCblue!20, draw=DARCblue] (65:3) arc (65:115:3);
    % D-Schicht:
    \fill[DARCgray!50] (110.0:3.2) arc(110.0:96.66:3.2) (96.66:3.2) node[midway, anchor=north](){D} -- (96.66:3.36) arc(96.66:110.0:3.36) -- (110.0:3.2);
    \fill[DARCgray!50] (96.66:3.2) arc(96.66:83.33:3.2) (83.33:3.2) node[midway, anchor=north](){D} -- (83.33:3.36) arc(83.33:96.66:3.36) -- (96.66:3.2);
    % E-Schicht:
    \fill[DARCorange!50] (110.0:3.36) arc(110.0:96.66:3.36) (96.66:3.36) -- (96.66:3.52) arc(96.66:110.0:3.52)  -- (110.0:3.36);
    \fill[DARCorange!50] (96.66:3.36) arc(96.66:83.33:3.36) (83.33:3.36) -- (83.33:3.52) arc(83.33:96.66:3.52) node[midway, anchor=south](){E} -- (96.66:3.36);
    % F1-Schicht:
    \fill[DARCred!50] (110.0:3.52) arc(110.0:96.66:3.52) (96.66:3.52) -- (96.66:3.80) arc(96.66:110.0:3.80) node[pos=0.25, anchor=south](){$\text{F}_1$} -- (110.0:3.52);
    % F2 -Schicht
    \fill[DARCred!50] (110.0:4.20) arc(110.0:96.66:4.20) (96.66:4.20) node[pos=0.25, anchor=north](){$\text{F}_2$} -- (96.66:4.80) arc(96.66:110.0:4.80) -- (110.0:4.20);
    \fill[DARCred!50] (96.66:4.08) arc(96.66:83.33:4.08) (83.33:4.08) -- (83.33:4.20) arc(83.33:96.66:4.20) node[midway, anchor=south](){$\text{F}$} -- (96.66:4.08);
    \fill[DARCred!50] (83.33:4.08) arc(83.33:70.00:4.08) (70.00:4.08) -- (70.00:4.28) arc(70.00:83.33:4.28) node[midway, anchor=south](){$\text{F}$} -- (83.33:4.08);
    %
    \draw(70:3)    -- (70:5)    coordinate(e1);
    \draw(83.33:3) -- (83.33:5) coordinate(e2);
    \draw(96.66:3) -- (96.66:5) coordinate(e3);
    \draw(110:3)   -- (110:5)   coordinate(e4);
    %
    \path(e4) -- (e3) node[midway](){Sommertag};
    \path(e3) -- (e2) node[midway](){Wintertag};
    \path(e2) -- (e1) node[midway](){Nacht};
    %
    \draw(110:3.4) -- (111:3.4) node[anchor=east,rotate=20](){\qty{100}{\kilo\metre}};
    \draw(110:3.8) -- (111:3.8) node[anchor=east,rotate=20](){\qty{200}{\kilo\metre}};
    \draw(110:4.2) -- (111:4.2) node[anchor=east,rotate=20](){\qty{300}{\kilo\metre}};
    \draw(110:4.6) -- (111:4.6) node[anchor=east,rotate=20](){\qty{400}{\kilo\metre}};
    % Bemaßungshilfslinien
    \draw[DARCgray, dashed] (110:3.4) arc(110:70:3.4) (70:3.4);
    \draw[DARCgray, dashed] (110:3.8) arc(110:70:3.8) (70:3.8);
    \draw[DARCgray, dashed] (110:4.2) arc(110:70:4.2) (70:4.2);
    \draw[DARCgray, dashed] (110:4.6) arc(110:70:4.6) (70:4.6);
\end{tikzpicture}